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CN-121976314-A - Production process of high-wear-resistance impact-resistant aramid fiber material

CN121976314ACN 121976314 ACN121976314 ACN 121976314ACN-121976314-A

Abstract

The invention provides a production process of a high-wear-resistance impact-resistant aramid fiber material, which relates to the technical field of material preparation and comprises the following steps of S1, preparing raw materials, selecting a para-aramid fiber prepolymer, a hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheet, N-methylpyrrolidone, a wear-resistant reinforcing agent and an impact modifier in a preset proportion, S2, mixing, S3, performing polymerization reaction, moving the mixed system into a reaction kettle, introducing nitrogen for 35-55 min, replacing air in the reaction kettle to form an aramid fiber polymer, S4, performing molding processing, cooling the aramid fiber polymer to room temperature, then placing the cooled aramid fiber polymer into spinning solution storage equipment, winding the stretched fiber, S5, performing auxiliary treatment, and washing and drying the wound fiber.

Inventors

  • PENG FUQUN
  • ZHANG LONGHAO
  • LI WEIFENG
  • LI CHUNFENG

Assignees

  • 陕西盛世辰阳科技发展有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260325

Claims (5)

  1. 1. A production process of a high-wear-resistance impact-resistant aramid fiber material is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, preparing raw materials, namely, selecting a para-aramid prepolymer, a hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheet, N-methylpyrrolidone, an abrasion-resistant reinforcing agent and an impact-resistant modifying agent in a preset proportion, pouring the N-methylpyrrolidone into a distillation device, adding anhydrous magnesium sulfate with the proportion of 1:10 into the distillation device, stirring for 10-20min, standing for 18-25 h for dehydration, then performing reduced pressure distillation, controlling the temperature to 160-240 ℃ and the vacuum degree to 0.08-0.12MPa, then collecting the mixture, and placing the N-methylpyrrolidone subjected to reduced pressure distillation into a container with active carbon for stirring and adsorbing for 2-5 h, and then filtering the mixture to form an N-methylpyrrolidone solution; S2, mixing, namely preprocessing the para-aramid prepolymer and the hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets to obtain para-aramid prepolymer solution and hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheet suspension, adding the preprocessed hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheet suspension, wear-resisting reinforcing agent and impact modifier into the preprocessed para-aramid prepolymer solution, and continuously mechanically stirring for 1.5-3 hours to form a mixed system; S3, performing polymerization reaction, namely moving the mixed system into a reaction kettle, introducing nitrogen for 35-55 min, replacing air in the reaction kettle, controlling the temperature in the reaction kettle to be 110-130 ℃ and the reaction time to be 3-5 h, then raising the temperature of the reaction kettle to 185-230 ℃, controlling the stirring speed to be 250-350r/min and the reaction time to be 4-8 h to form the aramid polymer; S4, forming, namely cooling the aramid polymer to room temperature, then placing the cooled aramid polymer into spinning solution storage equipment, conveying an aramid polymer solution to a spinneret through a metering pump, adjusting the aperture of the spinneret according to the requirement, enabling a trickle extruded by the spinneret to enter an air layer with the length of 10-20 cm, controlling the temperature to be 25-38 ℃ and the humidity to be 55% -60%, enabling a solvent on the surface of the trickle to volatilize in the air layer, initially solidifying, then enabling the trickle to enter a solidification bath, enabling the solidification bath in the solidification bath to adopt a solution containing 15% -25% of N-methylpyrrolidone, controlling the temperature to be 10-20 ℃, exchanging the solvent in the trickle of the polymer with water in the solidification bath, enabling the polymer to be further solidified into fibers, guiding the fibers to a stretching device through a wire guide roller, controlling the stretching multiple to be 2-4 times, and enabling the stretching speed to be 800-1100 m/min, and winding the stretched fibers to obtain the initially formed aramid fibers; S5, carrying out auxiliary treatment, namely washing and drying the primarily formed aramid fiber, placing the dried fiber in a high-temperature furnace, carrying out heat treatment under the protection of nitrogen, controlling the temperature to be 450-600 ℃, preserving the heat for 1-3 hours at the temperature, then cooling to room temperature, placing the cooled fiber into CVD reaction equipment, introducing nitrogen as carrier gas, heating tetraethoxysilane to 100 ℃ to gasify the tetraethoxysilane, and controlling the reaction temperature to be 320-340 ℃ and the pressure to be 0.06-0.09MPa along with the carrier gas entering a reaction chamber, and controlling the time to be 1-3 hours to obtain the aramid fiber material.
  2. 2. The process for producing high abrasion-resistant and impact-resistant aramid fiber material according to claim 1, wherein the abrasion-resistant reinforcing agent is composed of one or more of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide whisker or aluminum borate whisker.
  3. 3. The process for producing high wear-resistant and impact-resistant aramid fiber material according to claim 1, wherein the impact modifier is composed of one or more of nitrile rubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber or thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer.
  4. 4. The process for producing the high-wear-resistance and impact-resistance aramid material according to claim 1, wherein the pretreatment of the para-aramid prepolymer and the hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets in the step S2 comprises the following steps: Dissolving para-aramid prepolymer in N-methylpyrrolidone solution with corresponding proportion to form solution with mass fraction of 12% -18%, and passing the solution through 4% 、3 And 1 Sequentially filtering the solution after filtering, putting the solution after filtering into a reaction kettle, adding nitrogen to discharge air, adding an initiator accounting for 0.3% -0.6% of the para-aramid prepolymer in the process, raising the temperature to 85-95 ℃, stirring for 3-6 hours, pouring the stirred solution into absolute ethyl alcohol to precipitate, centrifuging for 15-25 minutes at the speed of 6500-8500r/min in a centrifuging device, washing for 3-4 times by absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying for 18-29 hours; Adding hydroxylated boron nitride nano-sheets into N-methylpyrrolidone solution with corresponding proportion to form suspension with mass fraction of 3% -6%, then placing the suspension into an ultrasonic dispersing instrument to disperse the hydroxylated boron nitride nano-sheets into the N-methylpyrrolidone solution, breaking agglomeration among nano-sheets, adding silane coupling agent accounting for 6% -8% of the mass of the hydroxylated boron nitride nano-sheets into the suspension after ultrasonic dispersion, controlling the temperature at 75-90 ℃, stirring for 4-6 h, placing the stirred suspension into centrifugal equipment, centrifuging for 18-35 min at a rotating speed of 8000-12000r/min, washing with the N-methylpyrrolidone solution, and vacuum drying the washed suspension at 75-90 ℃ for 19-25 h to obtain the hydroxylated boron nitride nano-sheets with surface modification.
  5. 5. The process for producing the high-wear-resistance impact-resistant aramid fiber material according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 comprises the following steps: s3.1, nitrogen is replaced, nitrogen enters from the bottom of the reaction kettle in a laminar flow mode, and is uniformly dispersed through a porous distributor until the oxygen concentration is reduced to <8 ; S3.2, carrying out low-temperature prepolymerization, and carrying out condensation reaction on the amino-terminated end of the para-aramid prepolymer and an acyl chloride monomer under the conditions of 110-130 ℃ and 3-5 hours of reaction time to form a linear growing chain; S3.3 high temperature staged reaction in 185-200deg.C reactor for 2 hr to promote conformation adjustment of soft segment to form beta-type crystal, and in 200-230deg.C environment for 2-6 hr to orient the rigid segment to have molecular weight from To increase to The characteristic viscosity of the adhesive reaches Adjusting the rotating speed of the reaction kettle to 250-350rpm; S3.4, in-situ interface reaction of the nano filler, and grafting reaction of the surface modified hydroxylated boron nitride nano sheet and an acyl chloride group at the tail end of an aramid molecular chain.

Description

Production process of high-wear-resistance impact-resistant aramid fiber material Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of material preparation, in particular to a production process of a high-wear-resistance impact-resistant aramid fiber material. Background Under the current high-speed development of modern industry and technology, an aramid material is taken as a high-performance fiber material, and plays an indispensable role in the field of aerospace by virtue of the excellent characteristics of high strength, high modulus and the like. The abrasion resistance of the traditional aramid fiber material is insufficient, so that the surface of a part is gradually worn in the long-time flying process, the aerodynamic performance of an aircraft is influenced, the structural integrity and the flying safety are possibly threatened, the impact resistance of the traditional aramid fiber material is insufficient, the protection capability is proved to be a front-to-back phenomenon when the traditional aramid fiber material is impacted by tiny satellites or space fragments, the abrasion resistance and the impact resistance of the traditional aramid fiber material are limited, the service life of the part is shortened, the maintenance cost is increased, in addition, the traditional aramid fiber material is complex in preparation process and high in cost, large-scale industrial production is difficult to realize, and the wide application of the high-performance aramid fiber material is limited. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a production process of a high-wear-resistance impact-resistant aramid fiber material, which solves the technical problems in the prior art. In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: A process for preparing high-antiwear and impact-resistant aramid fibres includes such steps as preparing raw materials, choosing para-aramid fibre prepolymer, hydroxylated boron nitride nano-sheet, N-methylpyrrolidone, Pouring N-methyl pyrrolidone into a distillation device, adding anhydrous magnesium sulfate in a ratio of 1:10, stirring for 10-20 min, standing for 18-25 h for dehydration, then performing reduced pressure distillation, controlling the temperature to 160-240 ℃ and the vacuum degree to 0.08-0.12MPa, then collecting the N-methyl pyrrolidone, placing the N-methyl pyrrolidone subjected to reduced pressure distillation into a container with active carbon, stirring and adsorbing for 2-5 h, then filtering to form N-methyl pyrrolidone solution, S2, mixing, pre-treating the para-aramid prepolymer and the hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets to obtain para-aramid prepolymer solution and hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets suspension, and preparing the pretreated hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets suspension, A wear-resistant reinforcing agent, Adding an impact modifier into the pretreated para-aramid prepolymer solution, and continuously mechanically stirring for 1.5-3 hours to form a mixed system; S3, performing polymerization reaction, namely moving the mixed system into a reaction kettle, introducing nitrogen for 35-55 min, replacing air in the reaction kettle, controlling the temperature in the reaction kettle at 110-130 ℃ and controlling the reaction time at 3-5 h; then the temperature of the reaction kettle is raised to 185-230 ℃, the stirring speed is controlled to be 250-350r/min, and the reaction time is controlled to be 4-8 h, so that the aramid polymer is formed; S4, molding, namely cooling the aramid polymer to room temperature, then placing the cooled aramid polymer into spinning solution storage equipment, conveying the aramid polymer solution to a spinneret through a metering pump, adjusting the aperture of the spinneret according to the requirement, enabling the trickle extruded by the spinneret to enter an air layer with the length of 10-20 cm, controlling the temperature to be 25-38 ℃, maintaining the humidity to be 55% -60%, in the air layer, enabling the solvent on the trickle surface to volatilize and initially solidify, then enabling the trickle to enter a coagulating bath, enabling the coagulating bath in the coagulating bath to adopt a solution containing 15% -25% of N-methylpyrrolidone, controlling the temperature to be 10-20 ℃, exchanging the solvent in the polymer trickle with water in the coagulating bath, enabling the polymer to be further solidified into fibers, guiding the fibers to a stretching device through a wire guide roller, controlling the stretching multiple to be 2-4 times, enabling the stretching speed to be 800-1100 m/min, winding the stretched fibers to obtain the initially molded aramid fibers, performing auxiliary treatment, drying the initially molded aramid fibers, placing the initially molded aramid fibers in a high-temperature water washing furnace, carrying out heat treatment under the protection of nitrogen, controlling the temperature to 450-600