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CN-121976316-A - Anti-ultraviolet textile material and preparation method thereof

CN121976316ACN 121976316 ACN121976316 ACN 121976316ACN-121976316-A

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultraviolet resistant textile material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the material is a polymer monofilament or multifilament fiber with ultraviolet resistant functional units uniformly dispersed therein, the polymer is polyamide, polyester, polyurethane, aramid, polyimide or polyphenylene sulfide, and the ultraviolet resistant functional units comprise rod-shaped zinc stannate (Zn 2 SnO 4 ) and flaky boron nitride (h-BN), and the flaky boron nitride is partially loaded on the surface of the rod-shaped zinc stannate or is inserted between the rod-shaped zinc stannate and the rod-shaped zinc stannate to form a composite structure. The preparation method comprises the steps of synthesizing rod-shaped zinc stannate through a hydrothermal method, shearing and ultrasonic processing the rod-shaped zinc stannate and the surface-modified flaky boron nitride to form composite nano dispersion liquid, preparing a spinning precursor through melt blending or solution blending of the dispersion liquid and a polymer, and finally obtaining a product through spinning molding, multistage hot drawing and heat setting. The material provided by the invention has excellent and durable ultraviolet resistance while maintaining the mechanical properties of matrix fibers.

Inventors

  • SHEN XIAOWEN
  • NIU JIANCHAO
  • SHEN YONGLIN

Assignees

  • 吴江亚西玛纺织有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20251222

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A uvioresistant textile material is characterized in that the material is a polymer monofilament or multifilament fiber with uvioresistant functional units uniformly dispersed inside; Wherein the polymer is polyamide, polyester, polyurethane, aramid, polyimide or polyphenylene sulfide; wherein the ultraviolet resistant functional unit comprises a first nano component and a second nano component: The first nano component is rod-shaped zinc stannate (Zn 2 SnO 4 ), and the length-diameter ratio of the first nano component is 5-20; The second nano component is flaky boron nitride (h-BN), and the flaky boron nitride is partially loaded on the surface of the rod-shaped zinc stannate or is inserted between the flaky boron nitride and the rod-shaped zinc stannate to form a composite structure with stress dispersion and ultraviolet shielding cooperated; The mass ratio of the first nano component to the second nano component is (1-10): 1, and the fiber made of the material has a tensile strength retention rate not lower than 85% of that of the pure polymer fiber with the same specification, and an ultraviolet protection coefficient UPF of more than 50.
  2. 2. The anti-ultraviolet textile material according to claim 1, wherein the rod-shaped zinc stannate has a length of 50-200 nm and a diameter of 10-20 nm.
  3. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the platy boron nitride is 1-10 nm, and the transverse dimension is 50-500 nm.
  4. 4. The ultraviolet-resistant textile material according to claim 1, wherein the ultraviolet-resistant functional unit is 0.5-8% by mass in the fiber, and when the polymer is polyamide or polyester, the mass is 1-5%.
  5. 5. A method of preparing the uv resistant textile material of any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of: (1) Preparing a composite nano unit, namely synthesizing rod-shaped zinc stannate nano particles by adopting a hydrothermal method, mixing the rod-shaped zinc stannate nano particles with flaky boron nitride of which the surface is modified by a silane coupling agent, and carrying out shearing-ultrasonic cooperative treatment in a solvent to enable the flaky boron nitride to be partially loaded or inserted between the rod-shaped zinc stannate so as to form stable composite nano dispersion; (2) Preparing a precursor, namely carrying out melt blending on the composite nano-dispersion liquid obtained in the step (1) and polymer slices, and carrying out twin-screw extrusion granulation to obtain functional master batch, or carrying out solution blending and homogenization on the composite nano-dispersion liquid obtained in the step (1) and polymer solution to obtain spinning fluid; (3) The fiber forming comprises the steps of carrying out melt spinning on the functional master batch and the matrix polymer slice according to a proportion when a path A is adopted, carrying out wet/dry spinning on the spinning fluid when a path B is adopted, and preparing the primary fiber; (4) The fiber post-treatment comprises the steps of carrying out multistage hot drawing and heat setting on the nascent fiber to obtain the ultraviolet-resistant textile material, wherein the multistage hot drawing comprises at least one stage of pre-drawing at a temperature of 10-30 ℃ above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer and one stage of main drawing at a temperature of 50-100 ℃ above the Tg of the polymer.
  6. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in the step (1), the reaction temperature for synthesizing the rod-shaped zinc stannate by the hydrothermal method is 120-180 ℃ and the reaction time is 6-18 hours.
  7. 7. The method according to claim 5, wherein in the step (1), the silane coupling agent for treating the boron nitride flakes is gamma-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH-550) or gamma- (2, 3-glycidoxy) propyl trimethoxysilane (KH-560).
  8. 8. The method according to claim 5, wherein in the step (2), the blending process is performed in a twin-screw extruder, the screw speed is 200 to 600 rpm, and the processing temperature is 10 to 30 ℃ higher than the melting point of the polymer.
  9. 9. The method of claim 5, wherein in the step (3), the spinning speed of the melt spinning is 800 to 2500 m/min, and the draft ratio is 3.0 to 5.5.
  10. 10. A textile product which is characterized in that the ultraviolet resistant textile material is processed by the weaving, knitting or non-weaving process according to any one of claims 1-4.

Description

Anti-ultraviolet textile material and preparation method thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of textile materials, and particularly relates to an ultraviolet-resistant textile material and a preparation method thereof. Background With the continuous improvement of the performance requirements of textile materials in the fields of outdoor protection, military equipment, special industry and the like, a high-end textile material with excellent mechanical properties, durable and stable ultraviolet resistance and good processability is needed in the market. The prior art paths for achieving uv resistance of fibrous materials have been developed primarily around the manner in which the functional agent is introduced, but all have inherent limitations that are difficult to overcome. The first is a post-treatment technique based on surface functional finishing. Nanometer anti-ultraviolet agent (such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide) is usually prepared into finishing liquid, and is applied to the surface of fiber or fabric through padding, coating and other processes. Although the method can rapidly endow the material with certain ultraviolet resistance, the functional layer and the fiber body are mainly physically adhered, and have weak binding force, and the method is faced with inherent defects of easy abrasion, poor washing resistance and insufficient function durability in actual use. In addition, surface coatings tend to affect the original feel, breathability and flexibility of the fabric. The second is to blend an anti-uv agent in the fiber spinning precursor, aiming at achieving "bulk" of the function. However, this route faces the serious challenge that inorganic nanoparticles are poorly compatible in organic polymer matrices, are extremely prone to agglomeration, and are difficult to achieve uniform dispersion on the nanoscale. The method has the two effects that firstly, the ultraviolet resistance efficiency of the agglomerates is greatly reduced, the functional benefit of unit addition amount is low, and secondly, the agglomerates become obvious stress concentration points and seriously damage the continuity of the fiber structure, so that the key mechanical properties such as tensile strength, toughness and the like of the fiber structure are obviously deteriorated, and the dilemma of 'obtaining functions, namely losing strength' is solved. Meanwhile, how to ensure that the functional agent exists in the fiber stably for a long time without migration and falling off so as to ensure the durability of the function is also a difficult problem which is not solved well. Therefore, it is needed to develop a new material system and a compounding method for constructing a specific composite structure in advance, and simultaneously introduce a high-efficiency anti-ultraviolet component, and simultaneously introduce a specific mechanical enhancement component and enable the specific mechanical enhancement component to form a synergistic structure on a nano scale, so as to radically relieve dispersion unevenness and mechanical degradation caused by nano addition and realize synergistic improvement of anti-ultraviolet performance, mechanical strength and durability. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides an anti-ultraviolet textile material and a preparation method thereof aiming at the technical problems. In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the anti-ultraviolet textile material is a polymer monofilament or multifilament fiber with anti-ultraviolet functional units uniformly dispersed therein, wherein the polymer is polyamide, polyester, polyurethane, aramid, polyimide or polyphenylene sulfide, the anti-ultraviolet functional units comprise a first nano component and a second nano component, the first nano component is rod-shaped zinc stannate (Zn 2SnO4) with the length-diameter ratio of 5-20, the second nano component is sheet-shaped boron nitride (h-BN), the sheet-shaped boron nitride is partially loaded on the surface of the rod-shaped zinc stannate or is inserted between the rod-shaped zinc stannate and forms a composite structure with stress dispersion and ultraviolet shielding synergy, the mass ratio of the first nano component to the second nano component is (1-10): 1, and the fiber formed by the material has the tensile strength retention rate of not lower than 85% of the pure polymer fiber with the same specification, and the ultraviolet protection coefficient UPF is greater than 50. Further, the length of the rod-shaped zinc stannate is 50-200 nm, and the diameter is 10-20 nm. The length and diameter of the rod-shaped Zn 2SnO4 are limited to the nanoscale range, so that the rod-shaped Zn can be ensured to have moderate length-diameter ratio and huge specific surface area. The method is not only beneficial to the orientation and dispersion of the fiber in the spinning process, but also can maximiz