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CN-121976341-A - Cationic polyester/spandex high-elastic composite filament yarn and spinning-texturing integrated preparation method thereof

CN121976341ACN 121976341 ACN121976341 ACN 121976341ACN-121976341-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a cationic terylene/spandex high-elastic composite filament and a spinning-texturing integrated preparation method thereof. The composite filament comprises a spandex core layer and a cationic polyester coating layer along the axial direction, wherein on any cross section, the coating layer is divided into 3-10 coating subareas which are spaced from each other along the circumferential direction, a void area which does not contain cationic polyester is formed between every two adjacent subareas, the void area penetrates through the outer surface of the core layer to the outer surface to form a slot, and the total circumferential coverage rate of the coating subareas is 60% -95%. The method comprises the steps of preparing cationic polyester melt, carrying out composite spinning partition forming, cooling, oiling and drafting, online false twisting, texturing and winding, and carrying out tension control on spandex to stabilize the partition slotting morphology. The structure improves the curling rebound consistency while guaranteeing the leveling property, reduces the exposure risk of broken yarn hairiness and spandex, and is suitable for mass production of elastic differential fabrics.

Inventors

  • ZHAO XIANLIANG
  • MAO GUOLIANG
  • ZHAO XIANJUAN
  • ZHANG GUORONG
  • SHEN QIUHUA
  • WU ZHENGDONG

Assignees

  • 浙江旭龙新材料有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260304

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The cationic polyester/spandex high-elastic composite filament is characterized by comprising a core layer and a coating layer along the fiber axial direction: the coating layer is a coating structure formed by cationic polyester components; The coating layer is divided into 3-10 coating subareas which are spaced from each other along the circumferential direction on any cross section of the composite filament, each coating subarea is adjacent to the core layer in the radial direction and forms partial coating on the core layer, a gap area is arranged between the adjacent coating subareas, the gap area extends from the outer surface of the core layer to the outer surface of the composite filament to form a groove, and the total circumferential coverage rate of the coating subareas is 60% -95%; The cationic dyeing site molar content of the cationic polyester component is 0.5-4.0 mol%, and the mass fraction of the spandex component in the composite filament is 3-18%.
  2. 2. The composite filament of claim 1, wherein the number of void regions is the same as the number of cladding regions, and each void region is located between two adjacent cladding regions, thereby separating the cladding regions from each other in the circumferential direction.
  3. 3. The composite filament of claim 1, wherein the cladding region has an average thickness in the radial direction of 1.5-8.0 μm and a ratio of circumferential maximum to minimum of the cladding region thickness of 1.2-3.5 to provide differential shrinkage driven crimp stability.
  4. 4. The composite filament according to claim 1, wherein the void areas are continuously grooved in the fiber axis direction or intermittently grooved with an intermittent pitch of 0.5 to 20mm, thereby reducing the risk of zonal bridging and stabilizing crimp uniformity in the weaving friction and texturing process.
  5. 5. The composite filament according to claim 1, wherein the grooves are formed on the outer surface of the composite filament in the same number of notches as the number of cladding sections, and each notch is located between two adjacent cladding sections.
  6. 6. The composite filament according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the composite filament is an elastic textured yarn after texturing, the linear density is 30 to 150dtex, the elongation at break is 80 to 180%, and the elastic recovery under 50% stretching condition is not less than 92%.
  7. 7. A spinning-texturing integrated preparation method for preparing the composite filament according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising: s1, preparing a melt, namely melting and filtering a copolyester slice containing cation dyeing sites to obtain a cation polyester melt; S2, composite spinning forming, namely introducing spandex filaments serving as core filaments into a core filament channel of a composite spinning component, extruding the cationic polyester melt through a spinning component to form a coating layer, wherein the spinning component is provided with an annular melt flow channel which is divided circumferentially and an isolation structure which forms grooves, so that 3-10 coating partitions and void areas between the coating partitions are formed on the cross section of the coating layer, and the void areas do not contain the cationic polyester melt and are communicated to the outer surface; s3, cooling, oiling and drafting, namely transversely blowing and cooling the nascent filaments, applying an oiling agent, and then carrying out online drafting to ensure that the total drafting multiple of the cationic polyester component is 1.4-2.2; s4, online texturing, namely directly entering the drawn composite yarn into a false twisting texturing zone without falling into a barrel, forming curling under the conditions of the first heating zone at 170-210 ℃ and the false twist of 2500-4500T/m, and setting at the second heating zone at 120-170 ℃; s5, winding, namely winding the elasticized composite yarn into a shape; And in the process of S2-S4, tension control is carried out on the spandex filaments, so that the tension of the spandex is kept at 0.05-0.18 cN/dtex.
  8. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the number of circumferential divisions of the spinneret assembly is 3-10 and the spacer structure is used to stabilize the formation of the slots through to the outer surface of the composite filaments during the spinning forming process.
  9. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the oil is a polyether modified silicone oil with an oil application rate of 0.3% -1.2% to reduce the friction heat of spring-loaded and to inhibit fuzzing and cracking at the boundary of the cladding region.
  10. 10. The spinning-texturing integrated preparation system for implementing the method according to any one of claims 7-9 is characterized by comprising a cationic polyester melt preparation unit, a composite spinning unit, a cooling oiling and drafting unit, a false twisting texturing unit and a winding unit which are sequentially communicated, wherein the composite spinning unit comprises a core wire guiding mechanism and a spinning assembly, the spinning assembly is provided with an annular melt flow passage which is divided in the circumferential direction and an isolation structure which is communicated with a through slot, and the system further comprises a tension sensor and a tension adjusting executing mechanism which are arranged on a core wire path.

Description

Cationic polyester/spandex high-elastic composite filament yarn and spinning-texturing integrated preparation method thereof Technical Field The field belongs to the technical field of textile materials, and in particular relates to a cationic terylene/spandex high-elastic composite filament and a spinning-texturing integrated preparation method thereof. Background The cationic polyester can realize the effects of one bath, different dyeing or double colors, bright coloring and better process suitability, and is widely used for differentiated fabrics, while the spandex filament has the characteristics of high elongation and high rebound, and is the most commonly used elastic fiber in elastic fabrics. In order to achieve both elasticity and dyeability, a terylene/spandex composite yarn scheme is commonly adopted in the industry, for example, terylene filaments and spandex core filaments are compounded on a texturing machine in a mode of combining, interlacing, cladding and the like, or a core-sheath structure is formed by composite spinning, and then drafting, shaping and false twisting deformation are carried out. Although the above-mentioned route can obtain a certain elasticity and appearance effect, in actual mass production, several common problems still exist, namely firstly, the difference of polyester and spandex in thermal history and shrinkage behavior is obvious, the continuously closed sheath layer tends to concentrate stress transmission, the stability and rebound consistency of the spring-loaded curl are greatly affected by technological conditions, secondly, in order to obtain higher appearance uniformity, coating integrity is often required to be improved or coating and interlacing strength are increased, but processing risks such as spandex thermal damage, broken filaments and hairiness are possibly brought, thirdly, the cationic polyester is more sensitive to component distribution and surface layer structure when level dyeing or stripe control is pursued, and the traditional continuous annular coating structure still has an optimization space in the aspect of combining elasticity and level dyeing. Therefore, how to introduce controllable discontinuous coating in the circumferential direction through the design of a cross-section structure while ensuring the spinning-drafting-texturing integrated processability, so as to stabilize crimping and reduce the processing friction and the yarn breakage risk is still a technical problem to be solved in the field. Chinese patent CN107208322a discloses a manufacturing concept of sheath-core composite fiber and its notch fiber, in which the core component is formed into a structure of alternating protrusions and grooves on the fiber cross section, and the skin component can be dissolved out in the post-treatment process to obtain the notch shape of the surface layer, and this document also indicates that when the fiber is repeatedly and complexly deformed in the processes of liquid flow dyeing, the notch of the outer layer may be peeled off, fluffed and cause degradation of quality, so it is proposed to improve durability by the relationship of the geometrical parameters of the protrusions. However, this prior art is largely open around the durability and morphology control of "dissolution forming notched fibers" and does not address the combined goals of process stability, leveling, and rebound, giving a path to realization. In view of the above, there is still a need for a cross-sectional structure and an integrated process solution that is more suitable for cationic polyester/spandex elastic filaments to improve crimp stability, reduce broken filaments hairiness, and promote dyeing consistency. Disclosure of Invention The technical aim of the invention is to provide the cationic terylene/spandex high-elastic composite filament and the spinning-texturing integrated preparation method thereof, wherein the cationic terylene coating layer is divided into a plurality of coating partitions which are mutually spaced along the circumferential direction and form through slots, so that the curling rebound stability is improved and the processing broken filament and hairiness risk is reduced while the level dyeing property is ensured. In a first aspect, the invention discloses a cationic dacron/spandex high-elastic composite filament, which comprises a core layer and a coating layer along the fiber axial direction: the coating layer is a coating structure formed by cationic polyester components; The composite filament comprises a core layer, a coating layer, a gap region, a cationic dyeing site and a spandex component, wherein the coating layer is divided into 3-10 mutually-spaced coating partitions along the circumferential direction on any cross section of the composite filament, each coating partition is adjacent to the core layer in the radial direction and forms partial coating on the core layer, the gap region extends from the outer surface of the core