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CN-121976401-A - Breathable solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather and preparation method thereof

CN121976401ACN 121976401 ACN121976401 ACN 121976401ACN-121976401-A

Abstract

The invention discloses breathable solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of automotive interiors; the invention comprises a compact breathable layer, a foaming layer and a base cloth layer which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, wherein the compact breathable layer is of a gradient cell structure and is used for improving breathability and abrasion resistance, the compact breathable layer comprises an abrasion-resistant functional layer on a surface layer and an air-permeable buffer layer arranged in the abrasion-resistant functional layer, the cell diameter of the abrasion-resistant functional layer is smaller than that of the air-permeable buffer layer, the foaming layer is used for providing elastic support, the compact breathable layer comprises polyurethane resin, a plant-based composite foaming agent and a handfeel aid in parts by weight, the foaming layer is solvent-free polyurethane, the base cloth layer is polyester non-woven fabric or polyester needled cloth, and the synergistic innovation of the gradient cell structure design, the plant-based composite foaming agent system and the precise hot-pressing composite technology is realized to unify high breathability, high abrasion resistance, environmental protection and antibacterial property of synthetic leather.

Inventors

  • GAO HANG
  • WANG JIANWEI
  • SUN LI
  • GAO ZHUN

Assignees

  • 苏州瑞高新材料股份有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260325

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The breathable solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather is characterized by comprising a compact breathable layer, a foaming layer and a base cloth layer which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, wherein the compact breathable layer is of a gradient cell structure and is used for improving breathability and wear resistance; The compact breathable layer comprises, by weight, 95-105 parts of polyurethane resin, 3-5 parts of plant-based composite foaming agent and 1-2 parts of handfeel auxiliary agent; the foaming layer is solvent-free polyurethane; the base cloth layer is polyester non-woven fabric or polyester needled cloth.
  2. 2. The breathable solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather of claim 1, wherein the wear-resistant functional layer has a cell diameter of 5-10 μm and the breathable buffer layer has a cell diameter of 20-30 μm.
  3. 3. The breathable solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the wear-resistant functional layer is more than or equal to 10 μm, and the thickness of the breathable buffer layer is more than or equal to 30 μm.
  4. 4. The breathable solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather of claim 1, wherein the plant-based composite foaming agent is prepared by compounding a soybean protein foaming agent and a tea saponin foaming agent according to a weight ratio of 3:1.
  5. 5. The breathable solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather of claim 1, wherein the handfeel aid is compounded by an organosilicon slip agent and a polyester softening agent according to a weight ratio of 1:2.
  6. 6. The breathable solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather of claim 1, wherein the dense breathable layer further comprises silver ion antibacterial auxiliary agent, and the addition amount of the silver ion antibacterial auxiliary agent is 0.5% -1% of the weight of the polyurethane resin.
  7. 7. A method for preparing the breathable solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps: Step 1, raw materials are taken according to the proportion of 95-105 parts of polyurethane resin, 3-5 parts of plant-based composite foaming agent, 1-2 parts of handfeel auxiliary agent and 0.5-1 part of silver ion antibacterial auxiliary agent; Step 2, uniformly mixing the raw materials, coating the mixture on release paper, and preparing a compact breathable layer by adopting a stepwise heating process; step 3, uniformly coating the solvent-free polyurethane prepolymer on a base cloth layer, controlling the coating thickness to be 0.1-0.3mm, and arranging the coated base in an oven for pre-curing to obtain a foaming layer; And 4, tearing off the release paper of the compact breathable layer, placing the release paper on the side surface of the foaming layer, which is away from the base cloth layer, and carrying out hot-pressing compounding and curing to obtain the breathable solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather.
  8. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the step-wise heating process in step 2 comprises: step 21, heating to 75-85 ℃ and preserving heat for 2-3min; Step 22, heating to 100-105 ℃ and preserving heat for 2-4min; step 23, curing for 5min at 110 ℃.
  9. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein in step 3, the temperature of the oven is set to 120-140 ℃ and the pre-curing time is 3-5min.
  10. 10. The method according to claim 7, wherein in the step 4, the conditions of the thermocompression bonding are a pressure of 0.5 to 0.8MPa and a temperature of 100 to 110 ℃, and the curing time is 10 to 15 minutes.

Description

Breathable solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather and preparation method thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of automotive interiors, in particular to breathable solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather and a preparation method thereof. Background With the rapid development of the automobile industry, the requirements of consumers on the environmental protection, comfort and durability of automobile interiors are increasingly improved. Polyurethane (PU) synthetic leather has the advantages of leather imitation texture, high processing flexibility, controllable cost and the like, and is a main stream material of interior trim parts such as automobile seats, instrument panels, door panels and the like. However, when the existing Polyurethane (PU) synthetic leather is used for an automobile seat, the air permeability is poor, so that the use feeling is poor, and in order to overcome the defect of poor air permeability of the traditional Polyurethane (PU) synthetic leather, CNC punching technology is generally adopted in the industry to machine holes on the leather surface. The perforated leather surface is easy to deposit dust and seep dirt, needs special tools for daily cleaning and has high maintenance cost, in addition, the mechanical structure of Polyurethane (PU) synthetic leather is damaged by perforation, so that the wear resistance is reduced, and the service life is lower than that of a leather seat, namely the application of the Polyurethane (PU) synthetic leather is influenced by mutual elbow pulling of the air permeability and the wear resistance. Therefore, the development of the polyurethane synthetic leather preparation method with the characteristics of high air permeability, high wear resistance and environmental protection becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently in the industry. Disclosure of Invention According to the invention, through the collaborative innovation of gradient cell structure design, plant-based composite foaming agent system and accurate hot-pressing composite process, the traditional CNC punching process is cancelled, the unification of high air permeability, high wear resistance, environmental protection and antibacterial property of the synthetic leather is realized, and the use requirements of high-end fields such as new energy automobiles, medical treatment and the like are met. The breathable solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather comprises a compact breathable layer, a foaming layer and a base cloth layer which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, wherein the compact breathable layer is of a gradient cell structure and is used for improving breathability and wear resistance; The compact breathable layer comprises, by weight, 95-105 parts of polyurethane resin, 3-5 parts of plant-based composite foaming agent and 1-2 parts of handfeel auxiliary agent; the foaming layer is solvent-free polyurethane; the base cloth layer is polyester non-woven fabric or polyester needled cloth. Further, in the breathable solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather, the cell diameter of the abrasion-resistant functional layer is 5-10 mu m, and the cell diameter of the breathable buffer layer is 20-30 mu m. Further, in the breathable solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather, the thickness of the wear-resistant functional layer is more than or equal to 10 mu m, and the thickness of the breathable buffer layer is more than or equal to 30 mu m. Further, in the breathable solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather, the plant-based composite foaming agent is compounded by a soybean protein foaming agent and a tea saponin foaming agent according to a weight ratio of 3:1. Further, in the breathable solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather, the handfeel auxiliary agent is formed by compounding an organosilicon slip agent and a polyester softening agent according to a weight ratio of 1:2. Further, in the breathable solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather, the compact breathable layer further comprises silver ion antibacterial auxiliary agents, and the addition amount of the silver ion antibacterial auxiliary agents is 0.5% -1% of the weight of the polyurethane resin. The invention provides another technical scheme that the preparation method of the breathable solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather comprises the following steps: Step 1, raw materials are taken according to the proportion of 95-105 parts of polyurethane resin, 3-5 parts of plant-based composite foaming agent, 1-2 parts of handfeel auxiliary agent and 0.5-1 part of silver ion antibacterial auxiliary agent; Step 2, uniformly mixing the raw materials, coating the mixture on release paper, and preparing a compact breathable layer by adopting a stepwise heating process; step 3, uniformly coating the solvent-free polyurethane prepolymer on a base cloth layer, controlling the coating thickness to be 0.1-0.3mm, and arranging the coated base in an oven for pr