CN-121976503-A - Ecological weir for repairing high-cold wetland drainage ditch and construction method thereof

CN121976503ACN 121976503 ACN121976503 ACN 121976503ACN-121976503-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and relates to an ecological weir for restoring a drainage ditch of a high-cold wetland and a construction method thereof. The ecological weir is arranged on the surface of the drainage ditch and comprises a structural layer, a growth substrate layer and a biological bag layer which are sequentially connected from bottom to top. By utilizing the ecological weir for repairing the high-cold wetland drainage ditch and the construction method thereof, the ecological weir can be stably constructed, and the constructed ecological weir can realize rapid vegetation planting in a short time so as to enhance the stability of the weir body.

Inventors

ZHANG XIAODONG
KANG XIAOMING
LI YONG
YAN LIANG
YAN ZHONGQING
Zhang Kerou

Assignees

中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260202

Claims (10)

1. An ecological weir for repairing a drainage ditch of a high and cold wetland is characterized in that the ecological weir is arranged on the surface of the drainage ditch and comprises a structural layer, a growth substrate layer and a biological bag layer which are sequentially connected from bottom to top, The structural layer is connected with the surface of the drainage ditch and is formed by stacking broken stones and used for bearing and stably supporting the ecological weir; The biological bag layer is filled with a growth matrix and asexual propagation bodies of the high-cold-humidity plant, and the asexual propagation bodies of the high-cold-humidity plant are used for forming a high-cold-humidity plant community after sprouting and rooting; the growth substrate layer is filled with the growth substrate and is used for providing an extension medium for the growth of plant root systems formed after germination and rooting of the vegetative propagation bodies of the alpine wetland plants.
2. The ecological weir as defined in claim 1 wherein: the particle size of the crushed stone is 10-25cm, and/or The structural layer is inverted arch-shaped on the cross section of the drainage ditch, the central position is the lowest, the depth of the bottommost end of the central position is 1/3-2/3 of the depth of the drainage ditch, and/or The structural layer is in a non-isosceles trapezoid shape on the longitudinal section of the water flow center line of the drainage ditch, the included angle alpha 1 of the slope surface on the water facing side and the horizontal direction is less than 30 degrees, and the included angle alpha 2 of the slope surface on the water backing side and the horizontal direction is 30-45 degrees.
3. The ecological weir according to claim 1 wherein the growth substrate comprises by weight percent 40-55% peat or humus, 15-25% fine crushed stone having a particle size of 0.5-2cm, 10-15% coconut husk/coir, 5-10% coarse river sand having a particle size of 0.5-2mm, 5-10% biochar having a particle size of <5mm, 3-5% decomposed cow dung.
4. The ecological weir as defined in claim 1 wherein: the plant of the high-cold wetland is selected from the plant of the high-cold wetland which is resistant to long-term flooding and/or the plant of the high-cold wetland which is not resistant to long-term flooding, the plant of the high-cold wetland which is resistant to long-term flooding is selected from one or more of leaf of Chinese fir, horseshoe herb and common sage herb, the plant of the high-cold wetland which is not resistant to long-term flooding is selected from one or more of polygonum aviculare, hua Biansui grass and potentilla anserina, and/or The vegetative propagation body is selected from one or more of rhizome, stem segment and bulbil, and/or The mass ratio of the growth matrix in the biological bag layer to the asexual propagation body of the alpine wetland plant is 100 (1-2).
5. The ecological weir as set forth in claim 4 wherein the biological bag is filled with both asexual propagation bodies of the long-term flooding tolerant high-cold-wet land plants and asexual propagation bodies of the long-term flooding tolerant high-cold-wet land plants, the asexual propagation bodies of the long-term flooding tolerant high-cold-wet land plants being located below the biological bag and the asexual propagation bodies of the long-term flooding tolerant high-cold-wet land plants being located above the biological bag.
6. The ecological weir as defined in claim 1 wherein: The growth matrix in the growth matrix layer is mixed and filled into a geotechnical non-woven bag, and/or The thickness of the growth substrate layer is 20-40cm.
7. The ecological weir according to any one of claims 1 to 6 further comprising a toe guard made of bamboo poles or piles disposed at both ends of the ecological weir in the longitudinal direction of the drainage ditch for fixing the structural layer or even the entire ecological weir, further improving the anti-scouring ability of the ecological weir and reducing erosion of the ecological weir by flowing water.
8. A method of constructing an ecological weir as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the method comprises the steps of: (1) Sequentially paving the structural layer, the growth substrate layer and the biological bag layer on the surface of the drainage ditch, so as to form an ecological weir in a preliminary paving mode; (2) The ecological weir formed by preliminary paving is maintained, and the ecological weir comprises the germination period management, seedling stage management, vegetation primary period management, and the withered season and the next year maintenance of the ecological weir body of the plant in the alpine wetland in sequence.
9. The construction method according to claim 8, wherein in the step (1), When the structural layer is paved, the crushed stone is stacked at the bottom of the drainage ditch and along the ditch wall according to the design requirement, and/or When the growth substrate layer is paved, the prefabricated growth substrate layer is evenly paved above the structural layer, and lightly compacted after paving, so that the thickness of the growth substrate layer is kept within the range of 20-40cm, the growth substrate layer is fully attached with the structural layer, and/or Paving the prefabricated biological bag along the outer surface of the growth matrix layer to cover the whole growth matrix layer when paving the biological bag layer, and/or The preliminary paving to form ecological weir is completed before the arrival of the high water period.
10. The construction method according to claim 8, wherein in the step (2), The germination period management is that the water is sprayed on the surface of the ecological weir for a proper amount of manual water spraying after the ecological weir is formed in the initial laying period of 0-30 days, so that the biological bag layer is kept moist, personnel or large animals are prevented from walking on the surface of the ecological weir, and/or The seedling stage management is 31-60 days after the initial laying of the ecological weir, the water spraying frequency is gradually reduced on the surface of the ecological weir, and/or The vegetation initial period management is 61-150 days after the ecological weir is formed by preliminary paving, and periodically checking whether the ecological weir is manually damaged or trampled by animals, if the ecological weir is seriously damaged, the biological bag is required to be supplemented for repair, other manual intervention is not required, and/or And the withered water season and the next year maintenance are the 151 th to 420 th days after the ecological weir is formed by preliminary paving, during the period, the surface of the ecological weir is checked before the next year of the full water season, and if structural gaps, biological bag damage or vegetation coverage deficiency occur locally, the growth substrate layer and the biological bag layer can be additionally paved at corresponding positions for repairing.

Description

Ecological weir for repairing high-cold wetland drainage ditch and construction method thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and relates to an ecological weir for restoring a drainage ditch of a high-cold wetland and a construction method thereof. Background The alpine wetland is distributed in an area with high altitude, cold climate and sensitive ecological environment, and the hydrologic process has an important influence on the ecological safety of the area. Since the 60 s of the 20 th century, the high-cold wetland excavates a large number of drainage ditches under the influence of engineering construction, excessive grazing and the like, so that the water level of the wetland is reduced, degradation is aggravated and vegetation coverage is reduced. By 2000, drainage excavation has been gradually stopped, and some ecological restoration projects have been implemented to intercept the drainage. However, the traditional drainage ditch repairing technology is mostly dependent on engineering measures such as gabions, wooden piles, bagged base materials and the like to construct a weir body for water blocking. For example, chinese patent CN212670489U, the "water permeable weir" employs multiple stone piles to construct a water permeable elytrigia, reducing the erosion of the water flow to the water permeable weir and the trench sidewall. As another example, chinese patent CN116862733B, a "method of trace restoration" fills different materials in the elytrigia according to different erosion levels of the sulcus. For another example, chinese patent CN117502166a, a method for configuring vegetation space of a wetland drainage ditch proposes a method for providing vegetation zones with different bottoms and sidewalls of the ditch, which can slow down the water flow speed in the drainage ditch. However, these conventional gutter restoration techniques and improvements still have drawbacks. On one hand, due to the short plant growing season (6 months to 9 months) in the alpine environment, the constructed elytrigia repens surface vegetation is difficult to recover quickly. On the other hand, the elytrigia repens lacking vegetation coverage are easily damaged by water flow scouring in the period of high water, and even after years, the structure is loose or partially collapsed often. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a drainage ditch ecological weir repairing technology which is suitable for high and cold environments and can realize rapid vegetation planting in a short time so as to enhance the stability of the weir and improve the hydrology and ecological condition of the wetland. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims at providing an ecological weir for repairing a drainage ditch of a high-cold wetland, so that rapid vegetation planting can be realized in a short time, and the stability of the weir body is enhanced. In order to achieve the aim, in the basic embodiment, the invention provides an ecological weir for repairing a high-cold wetland drainage ditch, which is arranged on the surface of the drainage ditch and comprises a structural layer, a growth substrate layer and a biological bag layer which are sequentially connected from bottom to top, The structural layer is connected with the surface of the drainage ditch and is formed by stacking broken stones and used for bearing and stably supporting the ecological weir; The biological bag layer is filled with a growth matrix and asexual propagation bodies of the high-cold-humidity plant, and the asexual propagation bodies of the high-cold-humidity plant are used for forming a high-cold-humidity plant community after sprouting and rooting; the growth substrate layer is filled with the growth substrate and is used for providing an extension medium for the growth of plant root systems formed after germination and rooting of the vegetative propagation bodies of the alpine wetland plants. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides an ecological weir for use in the repair of a high cold wetland drainage ditch, wherein: the particle size of the crushed stone is 10-25cm, and/or The structural layer is inverted arch-shaped on the cross section of the drainage ditch, the central position is the lowest, the depth of the bottommost end of the central position is 1/3-2/3 of the depth of the drainage ditch, and/or The structural layer is in a non-isosceles trapezoid shape on the longitudinal section of the water flow center line of the drainage ditch, the included angle alpha 1 of the slope surface on the water facing side and the horizontal direction is less than 30 degrees, and the included angle alpha 2 of the slope surface on the water backing side and the horizontal direction is 30-45 degrees. In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides an ecological weir for repairing a drainage ditch of a high and cold wetland, wherein the growth substrate comprises 40-55% of peat or humus, 15-25