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CN-121976933-A - Long-life high-specific-ratio hydrazine-flushing electric arc thruster

CN121976933ACN 121976933 ACN121976933 ACN 121976933ACN-121976933-A

Abstract

The invention relates to a long-life high-ratio hydrazine-flushing electric arc thruster, which relates to the field of electric thrusters and comprises a rear shell, a front shell, a gas interface, an electric connector, a belleville spring, a cyclone, a cathode and an anode, wherein the rear shell and the front shell are made of different materials and are fixedly connected through welding, the gas interface is fixedly connected to the rear shell so as to introduce gas which is catalyzed and decomposed from liquid anhydrous hydrazine into the rear shell, the electric connector is fixedly connected to the end part of the rear shell so as to supply power for the thruster, a plurality of belleville springs are arranged in the rear shell close to the electric connector, the cyclone is arranged in the front shell so as to convert the gas input by the gas interface into circumferential cyclone, the anode is welded on the front shell, the anode adopts tungsten-rhenium alloy with low rhenium content and doped with hafnium carbide, a throat is arranged in the anode and is integrated with a spray pipe, and the sharp end of the cathode extends to the throat and is heated by electric arc discharge and ionizes the gas between the anode.

Inventors

  • WEI FUZHI
  • Su Gaoshi
  • TONG YINGGANG
  • HU DAWEI
  • YAO ZHAOPU
  • LIU XUHUI
  • LI SHENGJUN
  • MAO WEI
  • HU YANLIN

Assignees

  • 北京控制工程研究所

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20250807

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A long-life high-ratio hydrazine flushing arc thruster is characterized by comprising a rear shell (71), a front shell (72), a gas interface (73), an electric connector (74), a disc spring (75), a cyclone (76), a cathode (77) and an anode (78), wherein the rear shell (71) and the front shell (72) are different in materials and are fixedly connected through welding, the gas interface (73) is fixedly connected to the rear shell (71) so as to introduce gas which is catalyzed and decomposed from liquid anhydrous hydrazine into the rear shell (71), the electric connector (74) is fixedly connected to the end of the rear shell (71) so as to supply electricity to the thruster, a plurality of disc springs (75) are installed in the rear shell (71) close to the electric connector (74), the cyclone (76) is installed in the front shell (72) so as to convert the gas input by the gas interface (73) into circumferential cyclone, the anode (78) is welded on the front shell (72), the anode (78) is made of tungsten-rhenium alloy with low rhenium content and doped with hafnium carbide, a throat is arranged in the anode (78) and is integrated with a spray pipe (77), and the cathode (77) is stretched to a sharp end to a point to a higher than the arc discharge is generated.
  2. 2. A long life, high specific impulse hydrazine arc thruster as claimed in claim 1, characterized in, that the throat inside the anode (78) has a diameter of 0.8mm, a length of 0.8mm, a convergent angle of 75 °, an divergent angle of 40 ° of the nozzle, and a tip angle of 50 ° of the cathode (77).
  3. 3. The long-life high-specific-strength hydrazine-flushing arc thruster of claim 2, wherein the swirler (76) is made of tungsten-rhenium alloy to avoid recrystallization during long-time high-temperature operation, and four air inlets with phi of 0.7mm are formed in the part to convert gas into circumferential swirling flow so as to avoid ablation during long-time discharge at a fixed position.
  4. 4. A long-life high-specific-strength hydrazine-flushing electric arc thruster according to claim 3, wherein the rear shell (71) and the gas interface (73) are made of 4J29 expansion alloy, the front shell (72) is made of TZM molybdenum alloy, and the rear shell (71) and the front shell (72) are connected by brazing.
  5. 5. The long-life high-specific-strength hydrazine-flushing arc thruster of claim 4, wherein TiC-based ceramic heat dissipation coatings are sprayed on the outer surfaces of the anode (78), the rear shell (71) and the front shell (72) through plasma, and the thickness of the coatings is 0.06-0.12 mm.
  6. 6. The long-life high-specific-ratio hydrazine-flushing electric arc thruster of claim 1, wherein a catalytic bed (6) is fixedly connected outside the gas interface (73) through a pipeline, 3.2 g-3.7 g of 30-40 mesh catalyst and 4.8 g-5.3 g of 18-24 mesh catalyst are arranged in the catalytic bed (6) so as to work for more than 1000 hours under the rated flow.
  7. 7. A long-life, high specific-reaction hydrazine-flushing electric arc thruster as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the inlet inside diameter of the front chamber of the catalytic bed (6) is 1.0mm and the inside diameter of the transition section is 3.0mm.
  8. 8. The long-life high-specific-strength hydrazine-flushing electric arc thruster of claim 7, wherein the catalytic bed (6) is externally fixedly connected with a thermal control device (5) for heating the catalytic bed (6) to 150 ℃.
  9. 9. The long-life high-specific-strength hydrazine-flushing electric arc thruster of claim 8, wherein the upstream of the catalytic bed (6) is fixedly connected with a sprayer (4), and a plurality of capillaries with the inner diameter of 1.0mm and the wall thickness of 0.2mm are arranged in the sprayer (4) to improve the pollution resistance of the sprayer (4).
  10. 10. A long life, high specific gravity hydrazine-flushing arc thruster according to claim 9, wherein the injector (4) is of non-perforated support rod construction to reduce the heat transfer of the catalytic bed (6) to the solenoid valve (3).

Description

Long-life high-specific-ratio hydrazine-flushing electric arc thruster Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of electric thrusters, in particular to a long-life high-specific-area hydrazine-flushing electric arc thruster. Background With the increase of space tasks, certain satellite models put forward a dual-mode propulsion demand, namely, a chemical thruster is adopted for orbital transfer, and an electric thruster with high specific impulse is adopted for north-south conservation. If the electric propulsion such as the ion thruster, the Hall thruster and the like is adopted, two sets of storage and supply systems are needed to be carried for respectively supplying power to the thrusters and the chemical thrusters, so that the cost and the dead load are greatly increased, and the electric arc thrusters are adopted as the electric thrusters for the north-south conservation, so that the electric thrusters are very suitable choices. Although rich electric arc thrusters have been studied in China with certain results, no successful on-orbit application of hydrazine electric arc thrusters has been reported in China. The domestic arc thruster research work also has the following disadvantages: 1) The power is lower, mostly about 1kW, under the power, the specific impulse of the arc thruster is generally within 450s, and the specific impulse advantage is not enough outstanding; 2) Argon, nitrogen, hydrogen or mixed gas is used as working medium, so that anhydrous hydrazine propellant applied to on-board maturation is less involved; 3) The key technology or material is not fully verified, the accumulated service life ignition time is insufficient, and the service life requirement of the satellite model is not met. Accordingly, in view of the above shortcomings, it is desirable to provide a long life, high specific arc thruster. Disclosure of Invention First, the technical problem to be solved The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the current domestic arc thruster is low in specific impact and short in accumulated service life ignition time. (II) technical scheme The invention provides a long-life high-ratio hydrazine flushing electric arc thruster, which comprises a rear shell, a front shell, a gas interface, an electric connector, disc springs, a cyclone, a cathode and an anode, wherein the rear shell and the front shell are made of different materials and are fixedly connected through welding, the gas interface is fixedly connected to the rear shell so as to introduce gas which is catalyzed and decomposed from liquid anhydrous hydrazine into the rear shell, the electric connector is fixedly connected to the end part of the rear shell so as to supply power for the thruster, a plurality of disc springs are arranged in the rear shell close to the electric connector, the cyclone is arranged in the front shell so as to convert the gas input by the gas interface into circumferential cyclone, the anode is welded on the front shell, the anode adopts rhenium tungsten alloy with low rhenium content and doped with hafnium carbide, a throat is arranged in the anode and is integrated with the spray pipe, and the sharp end of the cathode stretches to the throat and generates intense heating gas for arc discharge between the anode and the anode so as to enable the specific flushing to reach 600s. As a further illustration of the invention, it is preferred that the throat in the anode has a diameter of 0.8mm, a length of 0.8mm, a convergent angle of 75, an divergent angle of 40, and a cathodic tip angle of 50. As a further explanation of the invention, it is preferable that the cyclone adopts tungsten-rhenium alloy to avoid recrystallization during long-time high-temperature operation, and four air inlets with diameter of 0.7mm are arranged on the part to convert the air into circumferential cyclone so as to avoid ablation during long-time discharge at a fixed position. As a further illustration of the present invention, it is preferred that the rear housing and the gas port be made of 4J29 expanded alloy, the front housing be made of TZM molybdenum alloy, and the rear housing and the front housing be joined by brazing. As a further explanation of the present invention, preferably, the outer surfaces of the anode, the rear case and the front case are coated with TiC-based ceramic heat dissipation coating by plasma spraying, and the thickness of the coating is 0.06-0.12 mm. As a further explanation of the invention, preferably, the gas interface is fixedly connected with a catalytic bed through a pipeline, and 3.2 g-3.7 g of 30-40 mesh catalyst and 4.8 g-5.3 g of 18-24 mesh catalyst are arranged in the catalytic bed so as to work for more than 1000 hours under rated flow. As a further illustration of the present invention, it is preferred that the inlet inside diameter of the catalyst pre-bed chamber be 1.0mm and the inside diameter of the transition section be 3.0mm. As a further illust