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CN-121976987-A - Quick-change oil cylinder, quick-change device and engineering machinery

CN121976987ACN 121976987 ACN121976987 ACN 121976987ACN-121976987-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a quick-change oil cylinder which comprises a cylinder barrel, a bushing, a piston rod and a piston, wherein the piston rod is of a stepped shaft structure, the outer side of the bushing is of a stepped shaft structure, the inner side of the bushing is of a stepped hole structure, the piston rod coaxially penetrates through the bushing and the piston to form an oil cylinder core assembly, the bushing and the piston rod can axially and relatively move, the oil cylinder core assembly coaxially penetrates through the cylinder barrel, and the oil cylinder core assembly and the cylinder barrel can axially and relatively move. Furthermore, the invention discloses a quick-change device using the quick-change oil cylinder, and engineering machinery using the quick-change oil cylinder or the quick-change device. The quick-change oil cylinder process is simple in structure and convenient to produce and process. The quick-change device has compact structure, saves installation and arrangement space, simultaneously, the piston rod of the quick-change oil cylinder is directly connected with the installation hole of the quick-change tool, has high coaxiality and good neutrality, can not cause the problem of clamping stagnation, and is more convenient and quicker to change the quick-change tool. The problem of quick change cylinder piston rod and quick change round pin hub connection department fracture damage has also been solved.

Inventors

  • ZHANG YUNLEI
  • GUO FANGSHENG
  • WANG QING
  • WANG FEIYU
  • LI TAO
  • ZHANG YUHE

Assignees

  • 徐工集团工程机械股份有限公司科技分公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260228

Claims (11)

  1. 1. The quick-change oil cylinder is characterized in that the quick-change oil cylinder (1) comprises a cylinder barrel (11), a bushing (12), a piston rod (13) and a piston (14); The piston rod (13) is of a stepped shaft structure; the outer side of the bushing (12) is of a stepped shaft structure, and the inner side of the bushing is of a stepped hole structure; The cylinder core assembly is coaxially arranged in the cylinder barrel (11) in a penetrating way, and the cylinder core assembly and the cylinder barrel (11) can move relatively along the axial direction; the piston (14) divides the cylinder barrel (11) into a large cylinder cavity (101) and a small cylinder cavity (102).
  2. 2. The quick-change oil cylinder, the quick-change device and the engineering machinery according to claim 1, wherein the cylinder barrel (11) is provided with a large-cavity oil port (111) connected with a large oil cylinder cavity (101) and a small-cavity oil port (112) connected with a small oil cylinder cavity (102), and the piston (14) axially moves between the large-cavity oil port (111) and the small-cavity oil port (112); The bushing (12) comprises a bushing large-diameter shaft (121), a bushing small-diameter shaft (122), a bushing large-diameter hole (123), a bushing small-diameter hole (124), a bushing stepped hole reducing limiting surface (125), a bushing large-diameter shaft end surface (126) and a bushing small-diameter shaft end surface (127), wherein the bushing small-diameter shaft (122) and the bushing small-diameter hole (124) are positioned at the same end, and the bushing large-diameter shaft (121) and the bushing large-diameter hole (123) are positioned at the same end; The piston rod (13) comprises a piston rod large-diameter shaft (131), a piston rod small-diameter shaft (132) and a piston rod stepped shaft reducing limiting surface (133).
  3. 3. The quick-change cylinder, the quick-change device and the engineering machinery according to claim 2, wherein the radial inner circumferential surface of the bushing small-diameter hole (124) is in contact with the radial outer circumferential surface of the piston rod small-diameter shaft (132), the radial inner circumferential surface of the bushing large-diameter hole (123) is in contact with the radial outer circumferential surface of the piston rod large-diameter shaft (131), the piston (14) is fixedly connected with the piston rod (13) to form a piston rod assembly, the piston (14) is arranged at the end of the piston rod small-diameter shaft (132), the radial outer circumferential surface of the piston (14) is in contact with the radial inner circumferential surface of the cylinder (11), the radial outer circumferential surface of the bushing large-diameter shaft (121) is in contact with the radial inner circumferential surface of the cylinder (11), and the radial outer side of the bushing small-diameter shaft (122) is in clearance with the radial inner side of the cylinder (11), and the bushing large-diameter shaft end (126) and the piston rod large-diameter shaft (131) are close to the end of the cylinder (11).
  4. 4. The quick-change oil cylinder, the quick-change device and the engineering machinery according to claim 2, wherein the bushing (12), the bushing stepped hole reducing limiting surface (125) and the piston rod stepped shaft reducing limiting surface (133) jointly act to control the piston rod assembly consisting of the piston (14) and the piston rod (13) to perform an axial movement stroke; When the piston rod assembly formed by the piston (14) and the piston rod (13) moves axially close to the bushing (12), and when the end face of one side of the small cavity of the piston (14) is contacted with the end face (127) of the small diameter shaft of the bushing, the piston rod assembly cannot move axially close to the bushing (12) again; When a piston rod assembly formed by the piston (14) and the piston rod (13) moves away from the bushing (12) in the axial direction, and when the piston rod stepped shaft reducing limiting surface (133) contacts with the bushing stepped hole reducing limiting surface (125), the piston rod assembly cannot move away from the bushing (12) in the axial direction; the area difference exists between the end face of the piston (14) and the small-diameter shaft end face (127) of the bushing, and the area of the end face of the piston (14) is larger than that of the small-diameter shaft end face (127) of the bushing.
  5. 5. The quick-change oil cylinder, the quick-change device and the engineering machinery according to claim 2, wherein the piston rod (13) is of a split structure, the piston rod large-diameter shaft (131) and the piston rod small-diameter shaft (132) are fixedly assembled and connected into a whole to form the piston rod (13), and the diameter of the piston rod large-diameter shaft (131) is larger than that of the piston rod small-diameter shaft (132); An end face chamfer angle (134) which is convenient for the alignment connection of the large-diameter shaft (131) of the piston rod and the quick-change tool is arranged on the piston rod (13), and the end face chamfer angle (134) is arranged at one end, close to the end of the cylinder barrel (11), of the end part of the large-diameter shaft (131) of the piston rod; The piston rod big diameter shaft (131) is provided with a pitch diameter shaft (1311), the pitch diameter shaft (1311) is close to one end of the piston rod stepped shaft reducing limiting surface (133), the pitch diameter shaft (1311) is larger than the diameter of the piston rod small diameter shaft (132) and smaller than the diameter of the piston rod big diameter shaft (131), and the pitch diameter shaft (1311) ensures that the piston rod big diameter shaft (131) and the piston rod small diameter shaft (132) are assembled into a whole and then the piston rod big diameter shaft (131) can still axially pass through the bushing big diameter hole (123).
  6. 6. The quick-change device is characterized by comprising the quick-change oil cylinder (1), a limiting sleeve (2), a quick-change frame (3) and a movable arm (4) according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein a cylinder barrel (11) of the quick-change oil cylinder (1) is fixedly arranged on the quick-change frame (3), the outside of the limiting sleeve (2) sequentially and coaxially penetrates through the movable arm (4) and the quick-change oil cylinder (1), the limiting sleeve (2) is fixedly connected with the cylinder barrel (11), the limiting sleeve (2) and the movable arm (4) can rotate circumferentially, the movable arm (4) is limited to axially move under the combined action of the quick-change frame (3) and the limiting sleeve (2), a large-diameter piston rod shaft (131) coaxially penetrates through the inner side of the limiting sleeve (2), and the large-diameter piston rod shafts (131) can axially move; the quick-change oil cylinder (1) is provided with a structure for connecting with the limit sleeve (2) and the quick-change frame (3); The limiting sleeve (2) is provided with a structure for fixedly connecting with the quick-change oil cylinder (1); The quick-change frame (3) is provided with a structure for fixedly connecting with the quick-change oil cylinder (1); the movable arm (4) is provided with a structure for being connected with the limit sleeve (2).
  7. 7. The quick-change device according to claim 6, wherein the inner radial side of the end part of the cylinder barrel (11) is provided with a cylinder barrel inner thread (113) connected with the limit sleeve (2), and the outer radial side of the end part of the cylinder barrel (11) is provided with a cylinder barrel outer thread (114) connected with the quick-change frame (3); the quick-change frame (3) is provided with a quick-change frame mounting threaded hole (31) and a quick-change frame outer side surface (32); the movable arm (4) is provided with a movable arm mounting hole (41), a movable arm mounting hole inner side surface (42) and a movable arm mounting hole outer side surface (43); The limiting sleeve (2) comprises a limiting sleeve large-diameter shaft (21), a limiting sleeve small-diameter shaft (22), a limiting sleeve inner hole (23), a limiting sleeve large-diameter shaft inner end surface (24), a limiting sleeve large-diameter shaft outer end surface (25), a limiting sleeve small-diameter shaft end surface (26) and a limiting sleeve connecting thread (27); The outer side of the limiting sleeve (2) is of a stepped shaft structure, a limiting sleeve connecting thread (27) is close to a small-diameter shaft end surface (26) of the limiting sleeve, and the shaft diameter of a large-diameter shaft (21) of the limiting sleeve is larger than the aperture of a movable arm mounting hole (41); The small diameter shaft (22) of the limiting sleeve sequentially and coaxially penetrates through the movable arm mounting hole (41) and the cylinder barrel (11), the radial outer peripheral surface of the small diameter shaft (22) of the limiting sleeve is in contact with the radial inner peripheral surface of the movable arm mounting hole (41), the small diameter shaft (22) of the limiting sleeve is coaxial with the movable arm mounting hole (41) and can circumferentially rotate, the limiting sleeve (2) is fixedly arranged on the cylinder barrel (11) and fixedly connected with the cylinder barrel internal thread (113) through the limiting sleeve connecting thread (27), the radial inner peripheral surface of the inner hole (23) of the limiting sleeve is in contact with the radial outer peripheral surface of the large diameter shaft (131) of the piston rod, and the piston rod (13) can axially move along the limiting sleeve (2).
  8. 8. The quick-change device according to claim 7, wherein the small-diameter shaft (22) end of the limit sleeve limits the axial movement stroke of a piston rod assembly consisting of a piston (14) and a piston rod (13), and the small-diameter shaft end surface (26) of the limit sleeve extends into the limit position of the outward movement of the depth limiting bushing (12) in the cylinder barrel (11); When the piston (14) is contacted with the small-diameter shaft end surface (127) of the bushing and the large-diameter shaft end surface (126) of the bushing is contacted with the small-diameter shaft end surface (26) of the limiting sleeve, the large-diameter shaft (121) of the bushing cannot cover the small-cavity oil port (112) and ensure that the small-cavity oil port (112) can be communicated with the radial outer side of the small-diameter shaft (122) of the bushing and the radial inner side of the cylinder barrel (11), the piston rod (13) stretches out to the longest extent and ensures that the stretching length of the outer end surface of the large-diameter shaft (131) of the piston rod exceeds the outer end surface of the mounting connecting plate (6) of the quick-change tool, and the piston rod (13) is fully meshed with the quick-change tool; When the large-diameter shaft end face (126) of the bushing is in contact with the small-diameter shaft end face (26) of the limiting sleeve and the stepped shaft reducing limiting face (133) of the piston rod is in contact with the stepped hole reducing limiting face (125) of the bushing, the piston (14) cannot cover the large-cavity oil port (111), the piston (14) is arranged between the large-cavity oil port (111) and the small-cavity oil port (112), the large-cavity oil port (111) and the small-cavity oil port (112) act on different two side faces of the piston (14) respectively, the piston rod (13) is contracted inwards to be the shortest, the outer end face of the large-diameter shaft (131) of the piston rod cannot exceed the inner end face of the quick-change tool mounting connecting plate (6), and the piston rod (13) is completely separated from the quick-change tool.
  9. 9. The quick-change device according to claim 7, wherein the end of the large-diameter shaft (21) of the limit sleeve limits the axial movement of the movable arm (4) and the quick-change machine, the distance between the inner end surface (24) of the large-diameter shaft of the limit sleeve and the outer side surface (32) of the quick-change frame is larger than the thickness of the movable arm mounting hole (41), the inner side surface (42) of the movable arm mounting hole is close to the outer side surface (32) of the quick-change frame, the outer side surface (43) of the movable arm mounting hole is close to the inner end surface (24) of the large-diameter shaft of the limit sleeve, and the outer side surface (32) of the quick-change frame and the inner end surface (24) of the large-diameter shaft of the limit sleeve jointly act to limit the axial movement of the movable arm (4); The extension length of the outer end face (25) of the large-diameter shaft of the limiting sleeve cannot exceed the inner end face of the mounting connecting plate (6) of the quick-change machine, and the outer end face (25) of the large-diameter shaft of the limiting sleeve limits the axial movement of the quick-change machine.
  10. 10. The quick-change device according to claim 6, further comprising a sealing ring (5), wherein the limiting sleeve (2) further comprises an outer oil groove (28), an inner oil groove (29), a limiting sleeve oil through hole (210), a lubricating channel (211) and a sealing ring mounting groove (212), the outer oil groove (28) is arranged on the outer wall surface of the limiting sleeve small-diameter shaft (22), the inner oil groove (29) is arranged on the inner wall surface of the limiting sleeve inner hole (23), the limiting sleeve (2) is radially provided with the limiting sleeve oil through hole (210), the limiting sleeve oil through hole (210) is communicated with the outer oil groove (28) and the inner oil groove (29), the lubricating channel (211) is arranged on the inner wall surface of the limiting sleeve inner hole (23), the lubricating channel (211) is communicated with the inner oil groove (29), the sealing ring mounting groove (212) is arranged at one end of the limiting sleeve large-diameter shaft (21) and is coaxial with the limiting sleeve inner hole (23), and the diameter of the sealing ring mounting groove (212) is larger than the diameter of the limiting sleeve inner hole (23); The movable arm (4) is provided with a movable arm mounting hole lubrication channel (44), the movable arm mounting hole lubrication channel (44) is communicated with the movable arm mounting hole (41), and the movable arm mounting hole lubrication channel (44) is communicated with the lubrication channel (211) through the movable arm mounting hole (41), the outer oil groove (28), the limit sleeve oil through hole (210) and the inner oil groove (29) in sequence; The sealing ring (5) is coaxially and fixedly arranged on the sealing ring mounting groove (212), the radial outer peripheral surface of the sealing ring (5) is connected with the radial inner peripheral surface of the sealing ring mounting groove (212), the radial inner peripheral surface of the sealing ring (5) is connected with the radial outer peripheral surface of the large-diameter shaft (131) of the piston rod, the piston rod (13) is contracted inwards to the shortest time, and the end face chamfer (134) of the large-diameter shaft (131) of the piston rod cannot be contracted into the sealing ring (5).
  11. 11. Engineering machine, characterized in that a quick change cylinder (1) according to any one of claims 1-5 or a quick change device according to any one of claims 6-10 is used.

Description

Quick-change oil cylinder, quick-change device and engineering machinery Technical Field The invention relates to the field of engineering machinery, in particular to a quick-change oil cylinder, a quick-change device and engineering machinery. Background The loader is engineering mechanical equipment widely applied to various different working conditions, and can realize various different working functions such as earth shoveling, cargo fork loading, material cleaning, timber grabbing, forage holding and clamping, ice and snow cleaning and the like by changing different machines. At present, each loader manufacturer basically has a hydraulic quick-change device for quickly changing a loader tool, the hydraulic quick-change device is adopted to change the tool, so that the manual labor intensity can be reduced, the labor is saved, the existing hydraulic quick-change device mostly adopts a technical scheme for quickly changing a pin shaft by a quick-change oil cylinder, and the technical scheme for quickly changing the pin shaft outside the quick-change oil cylinder generally has the following problems: 1. the scheme of quickening the replacement of the pin shaft outside the oil cylinder requires longer installation space, and is inconvenient for arrangement of a quick-change device with compact structure and narrow space; 2. The scheme of accelerating the pin shaft replacement outside the oil cylinder is that the coaxiality between the oil cylinder and the quick-change pin shaft is not high, and the quick-change pin shaft and a quick-change tool mounting hole are not good in centering when a piston rod of the quick-change oil cylinder stretches out and draws back, so that the quick-change pin shaft is easy to clamp, and the tool replacement is inconvenient; 3. the scheme of accelerating the pin shaft replacement outside the oil cylinder is that the joint of the oil cylinder piston rod and the quick-change pin shaft is easy to break and damage; 4. In the prior art, the quick-change oil cylinder is generally of a bidirectional telescopic bilateral symmetry structure, and because a bidirectional limiting device is required to be arranged at the middle part of the cylinder barrel of the oil cylinder, the quick-change oil cylinder is complex in structure and difficult in processing technology. Accordingly, there is a need to develop new technologies specifically to overcome the above problems. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims at overcoming the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, provides a quick-change oil cylinder, a quick-change device and engineering machinery, wherein the quick-change oil cylinder is limited through a limiting sleeve, the process is simple, and the quick-change oil cylinder is easier to produce and process, meanwhile, the quick-change device cancels a quick-change pin shaft, adopts a quick-change oil cylinder piston rod to be directly connected with a quick-change tool mounting hole in a matching way, can save the installation and arrangement space of the quick-change device, and solves the problems of inconvenient tool replacement and breakage and damage of the connection part of the oil cylinder piston rod and the quick-change pin shaft caused by low coaxiality. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: in a first aspect, a quick-change oil cylinder is provided, comprising a cylinder barrel, a bushing, a piston rod and a piston. The piston rod is of a stepped shaft structure. The outer side of the bushing is of a stepped shaft structure, the inner side is a stepped hole structure. The cylinder core assembly is coaxially arranged in the cylinder barrel in a penetrating way, and the cylinder core assembly and the cylinder barrel can move relatively along the axial direction. The piston divides the cylinder barrel into a large cylinder cavity and a small cylinder cavity. Further, the quick-change cylinder barrel is provided with a large-cavity oil port and a small-cavity oil port, the large-cavity oil port is connected with a large cavity of the cylinder, and the small-cavity oil port is connected with a small cavity of the cylinder. The piston moves axially between the large cavity oil port and the small cavity oil port. Further, the piston rod of the quick-change oil cylinder comprises a piston rod large-diameter shaft, a piston rod small-diameter shaft and a piston rod stepped shaft reducing limiting surface. The quick-change oil cylinder bushing comprises a bushing large-diameter shaft, a bushing small-diameter shaft, a bushing large-diameter hole, a bushing small-diameter hole, a bushing stepped hole reducing limiting surface, a bushing large-diameter shaft end surface and a bushing small-diameter shaft end surface, wherein the bushing small-diameter shaft and the bushing small-diameter hole are positioned at the same end, and the bushing large-diameter shaft and the bushing large-diameter hole are positioned at the same end. The quick-change oil cylinder line