CN-121977203-A - Variable cross-section self-adaptive cyclone separator applied to CFB boiler

CN121977203ACN 121977203 ACN121977203 ACN 121977203ACN-121977203-A

Abstract

The variable cross section self-adaptive cyclone separator is applied to a CFB boiler, the upper part of a cyclone separator cylinder body is horizontally connected with an inlet horizontal flue, one end of the cyclone separator inlet horizontal flue, which is far away from a hearth, is provided with a variable cross section inlet structure, the center of the upper part of the cyclone separator cylinder body is provided with a center cylinder, the center cylinder and the cylinder body are of a split type structure, the depth of the center cylinder inserted into the cylinder body can be dynamically adjusted, the cross section area of an outlet section of the center cylinder is adjustable, the boiler is ensured to maintain extremely high material circulation and separation efficiency in the whole load range, the problem of overlarge resistance under high load is avoided, the energy consumption of a fan is reduced, the economy of unit operation is improved, the flexibility of the boiler is enhanced, and the self-adaptive intelligent control is realized.

Inventors

ZHANG XU
WANG WEILIANG
BA TEER

Assignees

兴安热电有限责任公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260313

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a be applied to variable cross section self-adaptation cyclone of CFB boiler, includes the cyclone barrel, and cyclone barrel lower part is connected with the cyclone cone section, and the lower part of cyclone cone section is connected with the cyclone riser, and the lower part of cyclone riser is connected with the material return ware, its characterized in that: the upper part of the cyclone separator cylinder is horizontally connected with an inlet horizontal flue, and one end of the cyclone separator inlet horizontal flue, which is far away from the hearth, is provided with a variable cross section inlet structure; the center of the upper part of the cyclone separator cylinder body is provided with a center cylinder, the center cylinder and the cylinder body adopt a split type structure, and the depth of the center cylinder inserted into the cylinder body can be dynamically adjusted.
2. The variable cross-section self-adaptive cyclone separator applied to the CFB boiler according to claim 1, wherein the boiler comprises a circulating fluidized bed boiler furnace, the upper part of the circulating fluidized bed boiler furnace is connected with a cyclone separator inlet horizontal flue, and a return device of a cyclone separator vertical pipe is connected with the circulating fluidized bed boiler furnace through a pipeline.
3. A variable cross-section adaptive cyclone separator for a CFB boiler as claimed in claim 1, The variable cross-section inlet structure comprises an inlet section and a flow guide block in the horizontal flue, wherein the flow guide block and the horizontal flue are of split type, the flow guide block can axially move relative to the horizontal flue, and the actual flow passage cross-section can be adjusted through the difference value of the sectional area of the inlet section and the sectional area of the flow guide block.
4. A variable cross-section adaptive cyclone separator for a CFB boiler as claimed in claim 3, The diverter block has a fluid smooth surface.
5. A variable cross-section adaptive cyclone separator for a CFB boiler as claimed in claim 3, The lower part of the central cylinder is connected with an outlet section which adopts a convergent cylinder structure, and the outlet section can adopt a fixed air flow channel or an air flow channel with adjustable sectional area.
6. A variable cross-section adaptive cyclone separator for a CFB boiler as claimed in claim 5, The cross-sectional area adjustable air flow channel is uniformly and alternately provided with a plurality of guide vanes along the circumferential direction of the outlet, the guide vanes are respectively and movably connected with the central cylinder, and the plurality of guide vanes integrally form the adjustable air flow channel communicated with the central cylinder.
7. A variable cross-section adaptive cyclone separator for a CFB boiler as claimed in claim 6, The center cylinder is provided with power components corresponding to the guide vanes one by one, the power components are connected with the guide vanes, the guide vanes are driven to act by the power components to shrink or expand, and the adjustment and control of the size of the section of the airflow channel are completed.
8. The variable cross-section adaptive cyclone separator for CFB boiler of claim 7, wherein the airflow passage is contracted or expanded when the power assembly performs a uniform motion, and the direction of the airflow passage is adjusted by deflection when the power assembly performs a non-uniform motion.
9. A variable cross-section adaptive cyclone separator for a CFB boiler as claimed in claim 1, A sealing mechanism is arranged between the periphery of the central cylinder and the top of the cylinder body, the central cylinder is connected with an executing mechanism, and the executing mechanism drives the central cylinder to lift up and down.
10. A variable cross-section adaptive cyclone separator for a CFB boiler as claimed in claim 1, The control system is connected with the driving mechanism in the variable-section inlet structure, the actuating mechanism of the central cylinder and the driving mechanism in the air flow channel with the adjustable sectional area of the outlet section, the cyclone separation efficiency of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is adjusted by controlling the execution action.

Description

Variable cross-section self-adaptive cyclone separator applied to CFB boiler Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of boiler flues, and particularly relates to a variable cross-section self-adaptive cyclone separator applied to a CFB boiler. Background Cyclone separators are the "heart" of a Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) boiler, and their separation efficiency directly determines the combustion efficiency, limestone utilization, load handling capacity, and pollutant control level of the boiler. The traditional cyclone separator has fixed design of inlet size, cylinder diameter, central pipe length and other structural parameters, and the performance of the cyclone separator is optimal only near the rated working condition. However, CFB boilers often need to operate over a wide load range of 30% -110% BMCR. Under low load, the flow rate of the flue gas is reduced, so that the efficiency of the separator is reduced, the amount of circulating materials is reduced, and the problems of fluctuation of bed temperature, unstable combustion, reduced desulfurization efficiency and the like are caused. At high loads, too high a flue gas flow rate may lead to a dramatic increase in drag, increased fan power consumption, and increased separator wear. The prior CFB boiler generally adopts a cyclone separator with a fixed structure. In order to give consideration to different working conditions, a compromise scheme is often adopted in design, but optimal performance cannot be achieved at all load points. Few researches are attempted to adopt an adjustable central tube or an inlet guide vane, but the adjusting range is limited, and the main focus is on resistance control, so that the active optimization of separation efficiency is less, the structure is complex, the reliability is low, and the long-term stable operation in the high-temperature and high-dust environment of an actual boiler is difficult. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the variable cross-section self-adaptive cyclone separator applied to the CFB boiler is provided, the structural design is reasonable, the operation reliability of the whole equipment is effectively ensured, and the separation efficiency of the separator can be adjusted at the same time so as to better adapt to the wide load and wide coal type adaptive operation of the boiler. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: The utility model provides a be applied to variable cross section self-adaptation cyclone of CFB boiler, includes the cyclone barrel, and cyclone barrel lower part is connected with the cyclone cone section, and the lower part of cyclone cone section is connected with the cyclone riser, and the lower part of cyclone riser is connected with the material return ware, its characterized in that: the upper part of the cyclone separator cylinder is horizontally connected with an inlet horizontal flue, and one end of the cyclone separator inlet horizontal flue, which is far away from the hearth, is provided with a variable cross section inlet structure; the center of the upper part of the cyclone separator cylinder body is provided with a center cylinder, the center cylinder and the cylinder body adopt a split type structure, and the depth of the center cylinder inserted into the cylinder body can be dynamically adjusted. The boiler further comprises a circulating fluidized bed boiler hearth, wherein the upper part of the circulating fluidized bed boiler hearth is connected with a cyclone separator inlet horizontal flue, and a return device of a cyclone separator vertical pipe is connected with the circulating fluidized bed boiler hearth through a pipeline. The variable cross section inlet structure comprises an inlet section and a flow guide block in the horizontal flue, wherein the flow guide block and the horizontal flue are of split type, the flow guide block can axially move relative to the horizontal flue, and the adjustment of the actual flow passage cross section can be realized through the difference value of the inlet section cross section and the flow guide block cross section. Further, the diverter block has a fluid smooth surface. Further, the lower part of the central cylinder is connected with an outlet section which adopts a convergent cylinder structure, and the outlet section can adopt a fixed air flow channel or an air flow channel with adjustable sectional area. Further, the cross-sectional area adjustable air flow channel is uniformly staggered with a plurality of guide vanes along the circumferential direction of the outlet, the guide vanes are respectively and movably connected with the central cylinder, and the plurality of guide vanes integrally form the adjustable air flow channel communicated with the central cylinder. Further, the central cylinder is provided with power components corresponding to the guide vanes one by one, the power components are connected with the guide vanes, the