CN-121977245-A - Nuclear energy and carbon capture coupled negative carbon emission thermal power generation system and operation method

CN121977245ACN 121977245 ACN121977245 ACN 121977245ACN-121977245-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear energy steam supply and pollutant discharge, and provides a negative carbon emission thermal power generation system and an operation method for coupling nuclear energy and carbon capture, wherein the negative carbon emission thermal power generation system comprises a thermal power plant operation subsystem and a nuclear island steam coming subsystem, the thermal power generation subsystem is provided with a carbon capture system, and the nuclear island steam coming subsystem is respectively connected with a resident heating subsystem, an expander and a medium-pressure cylinder through pipelines and valves; the valves at different positions are controlled to realize carbon dioxide trapping and energy storage in heating seasons, carbon dioxide trapping and energy release in heating seasons, carbon dioxide trapping and energy storage in non-heating seasons and carbon dioxide trapping and energy release in non-heating seasons; the thermal power plant is coupled with the heat supply nuclear pile, the power generation efficiency is improved by the coupling of the machine side, the low-energy-consumption carbon capture is realized by the coupling of the carbon capture link, the carbon emission is realized on the whole of the system, the carbon capture is assisted by normal heating in a heating season, the power generation and the carbon capture are assisted in a non-heating season, the efficient utilization of energy sources is realized, and the waste of the heat supply nuclear pile energy sources in the non-heating season is avoided.

Inventors

Tian Sule
Bo Chengcheng
YANG JUNBO
JI FENGJUN
MENG XIAOXIAO
WANG XINGYI
LIU PU
ZHOU WEI
LIU JIAKAI
ZHAO CHANGQING

Assignees

山东电力工程咨询院有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20251225

Claims (10)

1. The negative carbon emission thermal power generation system for coupling nuclear energy and carbon capture is characterized by comprising a thermal power plant operation subsystem and a nuclear island gas coming subsystem; The steam outlet of the thermal power generation subsystem is connected with a high-pressure cylinder through a pipeline, the air outlet of the high-pressure cylinder is connected with the inlet of a low-pressure cylinder, the flue gas outlet of the thermal power generation subsystem is connected with the gas inlet of a first low-temperature heat exchanger through a pipeline, the gas outlet of the first low-temperature heat exchanger is connected with a gas-water separator, the liquid outlet of the gas-water separator is connected with a liquid water storage tank, the gas outlet of the gas-water separator is connected with the inlet of a compressor, the outlet of the compressor is connected with the gas inlet of a second low-temperature heat exchanger, the gas outlet of the second low-temperature heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of a refrigerant heat exchanger, the outlet of the refrigerant heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of a carbon dioxide separator, the liquid outlet of the carbon dioxide separator is connected with the gas inlet of a high-pressure gas storage tank, the outlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank is connected with the high-pressure gas inlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger, and the high-pressure gas outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of an expander; the nuclear island gas-supply subsystem is respectively connected with the resident heating subsystem, the expansion machine and the medium-pressure cylinder through pipelines and valves, and the valves at different positions are controlled to realize the collection and energy storage of carbon dioxide in heating seasons, the collection and energy release of carbon dioxide in heating seasons, the collection and energy storage of carbon dioxide in non-heating seasons and the collection and energy release of carbon dioxide in non-heating seasons.
2. The coupled nuclear and carbon capture negative carbon emission thermal power generation system of claim 1, wherein the liquid outlet of the first cryogenic heat exchanger and the liquid outlet of the second cryogenic heat exchanger are both connected to the liquid inlet of a steam heat exchanger, the liquid outlet of the steam heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of a high temperature storage tank, the outlet of the high temperature storage tank is connected to the liquid inlet of the high temperature heat exchanger, the liquid outlet of the high temperature heat exchanger is connected to the liquid inlet of a cryogenic storage tank, and the liquid outlet of the cryogenic storage tank is connected to the liquid inlet of the first cryogenic heat exchanger and the liquid inlet of the second cryogenic heat exchanger.
3. The coupled nuclear and carbon capture negative carbon emission thermal power generation system of claim 2, wherein a first valve is disposed between the thermal power plant operating subsystem and the first cryogenic heat exchanger, a second valve is disposed between the carbon dioxide separator and the high pressure gas storage tank, a third valve is disposed between the high pressure gas storage tank and the high temperature heat exchanger, and a fourth valve is disposed between the nuclear island steam coming subsystem and the resident heating subsystem.
4. The coupled nuclear energy and carbon capture negative carbon emission thermal power generation system of claim 3, wherein the nuclear island come-to-steam subsystem is connected between a high pressure cylinder and a medium pressure cylinder through a pipeline and a fifth valve, the nuclear island come-to-steam subsystem is connected with a gas inlet of the steam heat exchanger through a pipeline and a sixth valve, the nuclear island come-to-steam subsystem is connected between a high temperature heat exchanger and an expansion machine through a pipeline and a seventh valve, an eighth valve is arranged between the high temperature storage tank and the high temperature heat exchanger, an exhaust pipeline is arranged on the pipeline between the thermal power generation subsystem and the first low temperature heat exchanger, and a ninth valve is arranged on the exhaust pipeline.
5. The coupled nuclear and carbon capture negative carbon emission thermal power generation system of claim 4, wherein the high temperature heat exchanger comprises a first high temperature heat exchanger, a second high temperature heat exchanger, and a third high temperature heat exchanger; The high-pressure gas storage tank is connected with the high-pressure gas inlet of the first high-temperature heat exchanger, the high-pressure gas outlet of the first high-temperature heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of the first expansion machine, the outlet of the first expansion machine is connected with the high-pressure gas inlet of the second high-temperature heat exchanger, the high-pressure gas outlet of the second high-temperature heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of the second expansion machine, the outlet of the second expansion machine is connected with the high-pressure gas inlet of the third high-temperature heat exchanger, the high-pressure gas outlet of the third high-temperature heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of the third expansion machine, the outlet of the high-temperature storage tank is respectively connected with the liquid inlet of the first high-temperature heat exchanger, the liquid inlet of the second high-temperature heat exchanger and the liquid inlet of the third high-temperature heat exchanger, and the liquid outlet of the first high-temperature heat exchanger, the liquid outlet of the second high-temperature heat exchanger and the liquid outlet of the third high-temperature heat exchanger are all connected with the inlet of the low-temperature storage tank.
6. A method for operating a carbon-negative emission thermal power generation system coupled with nuclear energy and carbon capture, wherein the carbon-negative emission thermal power generation system coupled with nuclear energy and carbon capture as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 is used, comprising the steps of realizing heating season carbon dioxide capture and energy storage, heating season carbon dioxide capture and energy release, non-heating season carbon dioxide capture and energy storage and non-heating season carbon dioxide capture and energy release by controlling valves at different positions.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first valve is opened, the ninth valve is closed, the flue gas enters the carbon capture link, the fourth valve is opened, the fifth valve, the sixth valve and the seventh valve are closed, and the gas from the nuclear island gas supply subsystem normally enters the resident heating subsystem; The gas separated by the gas-water separator enters a compressor, the gas is compressed by the compressor and then sequentially sent to a second low-temperature heat exchanger and a refrigerant heat exchanger for heat exchange and temperature reduction for the first time respectively, and then sent to a carbon dioxide separator, and the separated liquid carbon dioxide enters a carbon dioxide storage tank after passing through a booster pump; and opening the second valve, closing the third valve, and enabling the high-pressure impurity gas to enter the high-pressure gas storage tank from the carbon dioxide separator to finish capturing carbon dioxide and storing energy in the system.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the first valve is opened, the ninth valve is closed, the flue gas enters the carbon capture link, the fourth valve is opened, the fifth valve, the sixth valve and the seventh valve are closed, and the gas from the nuclear island gas supply subsystem normally enters the resident heating subsystem; opening a first valve, enabling low-temperature water to enter a first low-temperature heat exchanger to cool and exchange heat smoke, enabling the smoke to enter a high-temperature storage tank, enabling the smoke to enter a gas-water separator after being cooled by the first low-temperature heat exchanger, enabling separated liquid water to enter a liquid water storage tank, enabling separated gas to enter a compressor to compress the smoke, sequentially sending the compressed gas to a second low-temperature heat exchanger and a refrigerant heat exchanger to conduct first heat exchange and cooling and second heat exchange and cooling respectively, and sending the compressed gas to a carbon dioxide separator, enabling separated liquid carbon dioxide to enter the carbon dioxide storage tank after passing through a booster pump; Opening a third valve and an eighth valve, enabling high-pressure impurity gas to enter a gas inlet of a first high-temperature heat exchanger, enabling high-temperature water in a high-temperature storage tank to enter a liquid inlet of the first high-temperature heat exchanger to exchange heat with the high-pressure impurity gas, enabling heated high-temperature high-pressure impurity gas to enter a first expander to complete acting power generation, enabling the high-temperature water in the high-temperature storage tank to enter a second high-temperature heat exchanger to enter the second high-temperature heat exchanger to exchange heat with the high-pressure impurity gas, enabling heated high-temperature high-pressure impurity gas to enter the second expander to complete acting power generation, enabling the heated high-temperature water in the high-temperature storage tank to enter the liquid inlet of the third high-temperature heat exchanger to exchange heat with the high-pressure impurity gas, enabling the heated high-temperature high-pressure impurity gas to enter the third expander to complete acting power generation, discharging the atmosphere, and completing the energy releasing and acting process.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the first valve is opened, the ninth valve is closed, the flue gas enters the carbon capture link, the fifth valve is opened, the fourth valve, the sixth valve and the seventh valve are closed, and the gas from the nuclear island steam subsystem enters the low-pressure cylinder to do work; Opening a first valve, enabling low-temperature water to enter a first low-temperature heat exchanger to cool and exchange heat with smoke, enabling the smoke to enter a gas-water separator after being cooled by the first low-temperature heat exchanger, enabling separated liquid water to enter a liquid water storage tank, enabling separated gas to enter a compressor to compress the smoke, sequentially sending the compressed gas to a second low-temperature heat exchanger and a refrigerant heat exchanger to conduct first heat exchange and cooling and second heat exchange and cooling respectively, sending the compressed gas to a carbon dioxide separator, and enabling separated liquid carbon dioxide to enter a carbon dioxide storage tank after passing through a booster pump; and opening the second valve, closing the third valve, and enabling the high-pressure impurity gas to enter the high-pressure gas storage tank from the carbon dioxide separator to finish capturing carbon dioxide and storing energy in the system.
10. The method for operating a carbon emission thermal power generation system coupling nuclear energy and carbon capture as defined in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the steps of opening a first valve, closing a ninth valve, enabling flue gas to enter a carbon capture link, opening a fifth valve, closing a fourth valve, a sixth valve and a seventh valve, enabling gas from a nuclear island gas subsystem to enter a low-pressure cylinder for acting, opening the first valve, enabling low-temperature water to enter a first low-temperature heat exchanger for cooling and heat exchanging flue gas, enabling the flue gas to enter a gas-water separator after being cooled by the first low-temperature heat exchanger, enabling separated liquid water to enter a liquid water storage tank, enabling the separated gas to enter a compressor for compressing the flue gas, sequentially sending the compressed gas to a second low-temperature heat exchanger and a refrigerant heat exchanger for first heat exchanging and second heat exchanging and cooling respectively, enabling the separated liquid carbon dioxide to enter a carbon dioxide storage tank after being subjected to a booster pump, and enabling high-pressure impurity gas to enter the high-pressure gas storage tank from the carbon dioxide separator; opening a sixth valve, enabling gas from the nuclear island steam subsystem to enter a gas inlet of the steam heat exchanger, and discharging the gas from a gas outlet of the steam heat exchanger after heat exchange is completed; The third valve, the seventh valve and the eighth valve are opened, high-pressure impurity gas enters a gas inlet of the first high-temperature heat exchanger, high-temperature water in the high-temperature storage tank enters a liquid inlet of the first high-temperature heat exchanger to exchange heat with the high-pressure impurity gas, the heated high-temperature high-pressure impurity gas is mixed with nuclear island gas and then enters the first expander to complete acting power generation, then enters the second high-temperature heat exchanger, high-temperature water in the high-temperature storage tank enters a liquid inlet of the second high-temperature heat exchanger to exchange heat with the high-pressure impurity gas, the heated high-temperature high-pressure impurity gas enters the second expander to complete acting power generation, then enters the third high-temperature heat exchanger, meanwhile, the high-temperature water in the high-temperature storage tank enters the liquid inlet of the third high-temperature heat exchanger to exchange heat with the high-pressure impurity gas, the heated high-temperature high-pressure impurity gas enters the third expander to complete acting power generation, and the air is discharged to complete the process of releasing energy to do work.

Description

Nuclear energy and carbon capture coupled negative carbon emission thermal power generation system and operation method Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear energy steam supply and pollutant emission, and particularly relates to a negative carbon emission thermal power generation system coupling nuclear energy and carbon capture and an operation method thereof. Background By coupling the biomass power plant and the small nuclear reactor, the adaptability of the system is improved, the nuclear energy utilization efficiency is improved, a stable and low-carbon energy solution is provided for high-energy-consumption industry, and the electric power and industrial coupling decarburization process is promoted. However, in the traditional biomass power plants and small nuclear piles, nuclear island gas coming from the nuclear island cannot be flexibly switched between resident heat supply and carbon dioxide capture systems according to seasons and energy storage demands, and cannot adapt to operation control under multiple demands and multiple working conditions, so that a coupling power generation system cannot be well coupled when in machine side coupling and carbon capture, the power generation efficiency is low, carbon emission cannot be realized, and particularly in non-heating seasons, the energy utilization rate is low. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a negative carbon emission thermal power generation system for coupling nuclear energy and carbon trapping and an operation method thereof, wherein a thermal power plant is coupled with a heat supply nuclear pile, the power generation efficiency is improved by coupling at the machine side, the carbon trapping with low energy consumption is realized by coupling in a carbon trapping link, the negative carbon emission is realized on the whole of the system, the carbon trapping is assisted by normal heating in a heating season, the power generation and the carbon trapping are assisted in a non-heating season, the energy source is efficiently utilized, and the waste of the heat supply nuclear pile energy in the non-heating season is avoided. In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a thermal power generation system with negative carbon emission for coupling nuclear energy and carbon capture, which adopts the following technical scheme: A negative carbon emission thermal power generation system coupling nuclear energy and carbon capture comprises a thermal power plant operation subsystem and a nuclear island gas coming subsystem; The steam outlet of the thermal power generation subsystem is connected with a high-pressure cylinder through a pipeline, the air outlet of the high-pressure cylinder is connected with the inlet of a low-pressure cylinder, the flue gas outlet of the thermal power generation subsystem is connected with the gas inlet of a first low-temperature heat exchanger through a pipeline, the gas outlet of the first low-temperature heat exchanger is connected with a gas-water separator, the liquid outlet of the gas-water separator is connected with a liquid water storage tank, the gas outlet of the gas-water separator is connected with the inlet of a compressor, the outlet of the compressor is connected with the gas inlet of a second low-temperature heat exchanger, the gas outlet of the second low-temperature heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of a refrigerant heat exchanger, the outlet of the refrigerant heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of a carbon dioxide separator, the liquid outlet of the carbon dioxide separator is connected with the gas inlet of a high-pressure gas storage tank, the outlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank is connected with the high-pressure gas inlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger, and the high-pressure gas outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of an expander; the nuclear island gas-supply subsystem is respectively connected with the resident heating subsystem, the expansion machine and the medium-pressure cylinder through pipelines and valves, and the valves at different positions are controlled to realize the collection and energy storage of carbon dioxide in heating seasons, the collection and energy release of carbon dioxide in heating seasons, the collection and energy storage of carbon dioxide in non-heating seasons and the collection and energy release of carbon dioxide in non-heating seasons. Further, the liquid outlet of the first low-temperature heat exchanger and the liquid outlet of the second low-temperature heat exchanger are connected with the liquid inlet of the steam heat exchanger, the liquid outlet of the steam heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of the high-temperature storage tank, the outlet of the high-temperature storage tank is connected with the liquid inlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger, the liq