CN-121977257-A - Aerosol blocking system of residential building drainage system and intelligent control method

Abstract

The invention discloses an aerosol blocking system of a residential building drainage system and an intelligent control method, comprising the following steps: a top-extending vent fan assembly, an absolute pressure sensor, an indoor exhaust fan, a fresh air blower, an edge controller, an intelligent gateway and a central control terminal. When abnormality or pressure difference exceeds a threshold, each layer of edge controller is used for closed-loop adjusting air supply, maintaining positive pressure of the vertical pipe in a toilet, adjusting the operation of the fan at the roof end, guiding air flow to be discharged from the vent at the roof extending end, stabilizing the pressure gradient of the vertical pipe and realizing intelligent blocking of aerosol through linkage operation of the fan. The system and the method give consideration to the energy-saving requirement in normal operation, and remarkably improve the drainage sanitary safety of residential buildings.

Inventors

• ZHAO JING
• LIU DEHAN
• XU DAYAN
• CHEN ZIYI

Assignees

• 天津大学

Dates

Publication Date

20260505

Application Date

20260202

Claims (6)

1. 1. The intelligent aerosol blocking system for the residential building drainage system is characterized by comprising a top extending vent fan assembly, a pressure monitoring unit, a ventilation adjusting unit, an edge control and networking unit and a central control terminal (12), wherein: the top-extending vent fan assembly is arranged beside a top-extending vent (8) at the top of the drainage vertical pipe (1), is connected with the top-extending vent (8) in parallel through a bypass branch and comprises a reversible speed-regulating fan (9) and a vent switching valve (11), wherein the reversible speed-regulating fan (9) supports forward and reverse rotation and rotation speed regulation, and the vent switching valve (11) is used for switching between normal straight-through and abnormal fan flow control and controlling the on-off of the top-extending vent (8); The pressure monitoring unit comprises a drainage vertical pipe absolute pressure sensor and a bathroom indoor absolute pressure sensor (10), wherein the drainage vertical pipe absolute pressure sensor is communicated with the overhaul port of each layer of drainage vertical pipe (1) through an L-shaped inclined branch pipe, and the bathroom indoor absolute pressure sensor (10) is arranged on the wall surface of the bathroom and is used for collecting absolute pressure data; The ventilation adjusting unit is arranged corresponding to each layer of washroom and comprises an indoor exhaust fan (5) and an independent fresh air blower (6), wherein an air outlet of the indoor exhaust fan (5) is connected to a building exhaust vertical shaft, and an air inlet of the independent fresh air blower (6) is communicated with outdoor air; The edge control and networking unit comprises an edge controller and an intelligent gateway (7), wherein each layer of toilet is provided with one set, the edge controller is electrically connected with the same-layer pressure monitoring unit and the ventilation regulating unit through a wired bus, and the intelligent gateway (7) integrates a wireless communication module to realize the communication between each layer of networking and a central control terminal (12); The central control terminal (12) is in communication connection with each layer of edge control and networking unit, and is used for receiving risk signals in a high risk state, switching system operation modes, driving the top-extending vent fan assembly to induce pressure disturbance of the drainage riser so as to perform water seal effectiveness detection, and issuing pressure difference closed-loop control and cross-layer linkage instructions to each layer; The central control terminal (12) adjusts the air quantity and the air direction of the reversible speed regulating fan (9) according to the distribution and the change of the pressure of each layer of the vertical pipe, and guides the air to be discharged through the top extending vent (8) and stabilizes the pressure gradient of the vertical pipe.
2. 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the reversible speed-regulating fan (9) is a centrifugal fan or an axial fan, supports continuously adjustable rotation speed and reversible direction, and the vent switching valve (11) is an electric butterfly valve or an electric air door, and the nominal diameter is consistent with the top-extending vent (8).
3. 3. The intelligent gateway of claim 1, wherein the wireless communication module is any one of a LoRa module, NB-IoT module, or WiFi module, and the transmission distance of the wireless communication module is greater than or equal to 50m, and a local man-machine interface is provided for performing manual start-stop and status viewing.
4. 4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the central control terminal (12) controls the reversible speed-regulating fan (9) to operate at a preset rotating speed for a short time to induce the riser pressure change in the water seal effectiveness detection stage, and judges the water seal state, namely, when the amplitude or time constant of the indoor absolute pressure to the riser pressure change exceeds a preset threshold value, the water seal failure risk of the layer is determined, and ventilation blocking is triggered.
5. 5. The system of claim 1, further comprising a flush event detection module that identifies flush events based on the toilet flush electrical signals and coordinates the wind direction of the reversible speed fan (9) to be raised with the independent fresh air fan (6) on the upper and lower adjacent floors during the event to attenuate differential pressure shocks.
6. 6. An aerosol intelligent blocking control method for a residential building drainage system, which is applied to the system of any one of claims 1 to 5, is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of A, in a normal energy-saving mode, opening a vent switching valve (11), naturally ventilating a top-extending vent (8), and stopping a reversible speed regulation fan (9), wherein each floor ventilation regulating unit operates as required, and a pressure monitoring unit periodically collects and updates a base line; the method comprises the steps of mode switching and water seal detection, namely closing a vent switching valve (11) when a central control terminal (12) receives a high-transmission risk signal, starting a reversible speed regulation fan (9) to enter controlled ventilation, selecting a time window for stable riser pressure, short-time trial running the reversible speed regulation fan (9), inducing riser pressure change, synchronously collecting indoor absolute pressure, and judging the effectiveness of each layer of water seal according to the pressure change; Step C, ventilation blocking and pressure difference closed loop, namely, for floors with abnormal judgment or delta P exceeding threshold, opening an independent fresh air blower (6) by an edge controller and adjusting according to the delta P closed loop, and limiting or opening an indoor exhaust fan (5) if necessary to enable the delta P to be maintained in a preset positive pressure target interval; step D, cross-layer linkage stability gradient, wherein a central control terminal (12) adjusts the air quantity and the air direction of a reversible speed regulation fan (9) according to the pressure distribution and the change rate of each layer of vertical pipe, guides discharge and stabilizes the vertical pipe pressure gradient; And E, flushing event coordination, namely coordinating time sequence adjustment of the reversible speed regulation fan (9) and the independent fresh air fan (6) of the adjacent floors to offset pressure difference impact when the flushing event is detected, and returning to the base line according to a set slope after the event is ended.

Description

Aerosol blocking system of residential building drainage system and intelligent control method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of building indoor pollutant transmission blocking and ventilation control, in particular to an aerosol intelligent blocking system of a drainage system suitable for residential buildings and an intelligent control method thereof, which are used for inhibiting the backward flow and cross-layer transmission of gas and aerosol passing through a drainage system path in a high-risk period and considering low-energy-consumption operation in a normal state. Background Building drainage systems, which serve as potential contaminant and pathogen transmission pathways, in communication with indoor air circuits have been identified as one of the key factors in causing cross-transmission during epidemic situations. According to relevant national specifications, the depth of the water seal of the floor drain is usually not less than 50 mm. However, in actual use, the water seal may be disabled due to evaporation caused by low-frequency use, positive and negative pressure transient caused by movement of a water column in the drainage vertical pipe, ventilation condition change and other factors, so that an indoor space is communicated with a gas path of the drainage system, and the risk that pollutant aerosol in the drainage system enters the room is obviously increased. Particularly during epidemic situations, the possibility of "manure-mouth" transmission has now been demonstrated, and toilet flushing can produce over 29 tens of thousands of aerosol particles. After an infected person uses the toilet, the excrement participates in aerosol formation, and can spread across floors along a drainage pipeline and a failure water seal. In multi-storey residential buildings, the traditional passive ventilation (roof stretching ventilation) cannot actively regulate and control the airflow direction and pressure difference, so that the dynamic impact event is difficult to respond in time, and static or passive measures such as single-point deepening water seal, mechanical sealing and the like are difficult to evaluate the effectiveness in real time in the use process, so that blocking cannot be rapidly formed in a high risk period. Furthermore, cross-layer coupling of differential pressure within the riser results in local measures that are prone to interference with each other, making it difficult to build a system-level safety margin. Disclosure of Invention In order to make up and improve the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an aerosol intelligent blocking system and a control method which can monitor the airflow direction and the pressure difference of a drainage system in real time in a multi-storey residential building, respond in a cross-storey linkage manner and maintain the beneficial pressure difference of the drainage system. The system establishes 'terminal monitoring-local execution-floor linkage-global management' four-level linkage dynamic pressure difference management by cooperation of top controllable ventilation and indoor fans of each floor under a high risk state, simultaneously uses absolute pressure sensing as a core, utilizes test operation induced pressure difference response of a top extending vent fan to detect water seal effectiveness, reduces equipment start-stop and air volume under a non-high risk state, and combines low energy consumption operation and user experience. In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following systems and methods. An aerosol intelligent blocking system for a residential building drainage system, comprising: The top extending vent fan assembly is arranged on the side of the top extending vent pipe, is preferably connected in parallel with the top extending vent pipe through a bypass branch and is matched with an electric air door to realize the switching between normal straight-through and abnormal fan flow control, and the fan assembly has variable rotating speed and reversible air supply capacity so as to output or draw the riser air under different working conditions and actively guide the riser air flow direction. The absolute pressure sensor of the drainage vertical pipe is at least one layer, is preferably arranged at the overhaul port of the layer of vertical pipe, is communicated with the vertical pipe through a short pipe, adopts a hydrophobic anti-blocking structure to avoid the backward flow of pollutants, and is used for collecting the absolute pressure in the layer of vertical pipe in real time. And an absolute pressure sensor in the bathroom is arranged in each controlled bathroom and is used for collecting the absolute pressure in the bathroom and taking the absolute pressure as a reference for calculating the pressure difference of the room and the vertical pipe. The floor indoor fan comprises an indoor exhaust fan and an i