CN-121977317-A - Vehicle-mounted low-temperature refrigerating system suitable for cooling superconducting magnet

CN121977317ACN 121977317 ACN121977317 ACN 121977317ACN-121977317-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of low-temperature structures of refrigeration systems, and particularly relates to a vehicle-mounted low-temperature refrigeration system suitable for cooling a superconducting magnet. The energy-saving type liquid helium and liquid nitrogen refrigerating system comprises a GM-JT refrigerating machine, a liquid helium and liquid nitrogen refrigerant storage, filling and exhausting system and a frame system, wherein the GM-JT refrigerating machine is used for realizing liquid helium closed-loop operation, the liquid helium and liquid nitrogen refrigerant storage, filling and exhausting system is used for meeting the magnetic refrigeration requirement, and the Du Watong body is used for integrating, insulating and supporting equipment. The problems of small refrigerating capacity, low operation efficiency and large space size of the refrigerating machine in the prior art are solved.

Inventors

CUI YUNHAO
ZHOU WEI
CUI CHENGFENG
ZHANG YONGWEI
ZHANG GUOWEI
ZHANG ZHIHUA
LIANG SIYUAN
LIU KUN

Assignees

北京特种机械研究所

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20251218

Claims (10)

1. A vehicle-mounted large-cooling high-efficiency refrigerating system adopting a mechanical refrigerating technology is characterized by comprising a GM-JT refrigerator, a liquid helium and liquid nitrogen refrigerant storage, filling and exhaust system and a frame system; The GM-JT refrigerator is used for realizing closed-loop operation of liquid helium, the storage, filling and exhaust systems of liquid helium and liquid nitrogen refrigerants are used for meeting the refrigeration requirement of a magnet, and the Du Watong body is used for integrating, insulating and supporting equipment.
2. The vehicle-mounted large-cooling high-efficiency refrigerating system adopting the mechanical refrigerating technology according to claim 1, wherein the GM-JT refrigerator comprises a GM compressor, a JT compressor, a GM cold head, a primary heat exchanger, a secondary heat exchanger, a tertiary heat exchanger, a primary cold end heat exchanger, a secondary cold end heat exchanger, a throttling element, a tertiary cold head coil pipe and connecting pipelines thereof, wherein the GM compressor and the JT compressor are positioned outside the Dewar barrel; The circulating pipeline of the JT compressor sequentially passes through the primary heat exchanger, the primary cold end heat exchanger, the secondary cold end heat exchanger, the tertiary heat exchanger, the throttling element and the tertiary cold end coil, and the circulating pipeline of the JT compressor exchanges heat with the GM primary cold end and the GM secondary cold end respectively through the primary cold end heat exchanger and the secondary cold end heat exchanger.
3. The vehicle-mounted high-cooling and high-efficiency refrigerating system adopting the mechanical refrigerating technology according to claim 2 is characterized in that the liquid helium and liquid nitrogen refrigerant storage, filling and exhausting system comprises a liquid helium storage tank, a liquid helium filling pipe, a helium exhaust pipe, a liquid helium blasting pipe, a liquid helium pre-cooling pipe, a liquid nitrogen storage tank, a liquid nitrogen filling pipe, a nitrogen exhaust pipe, a magnet-side gas-liquid interaction pipe, a liquid nitrogen infusion pipe and a nitrogen exhaust pipe; the three-stage cold head coil pipe is positioned above liquid helium in the liquid helium storage tank, the top of the liquid helium storage tank is connected to the outside of the Dewar cylinder through a helium exhaust pipe and a liquid helium blasting pipe, the top of the liquid nitrogen storage tank is connected to the outside of the Dewar cylinder through a nitrogen exhaust pipe and a liquid nitrogen filling pipe, the liquid helium filling pipe is communicated with the upper part of the liquid helium storage tank, and the liquid helium pre-cooling pipe is connected with the bottom of the Dewar in the side of the magnet.
4. The vehicle-mounted high-cooling and high-efficiency refrigerating system adopting a mechanical refrigerating technology according to claim 3, wherein the top of the liquid nitrogen storage tank is connected to the outside of the Dewar cylinder through a nitrogen exhaust pipe and a liquid nitrogen filling pipe.
5. The vehicle-mounted high-cooling high-efficiency refrigerating system adopting the mechanical refrigerating technology according to claim 4 is characterized in that a magnet gas-liquid interaction tube is arranged at the bottom of the liquid helium storage tank, and a magnet liquid nitrogen infusion tube and a magnet nitrogen exhaust tube are arranged in the liquid nitrogen storage tank.
6. The vehicle-mounted large-cooling high-efficiency refrigerating system adopting the mechanical refrigerating technology according to claim 5, wherein a GM compressor and a JT compressor are arranged outside the Dewar cylinder, one end of a GM cold head is further provided with a Du Waqian flange, a JT self-sealing joint, an aviation plug and an evacuation port, and the other end of the GM cold head is provided with a Du Wahou flange.
7. The vehicle-mounted large-cooling high-efficiency refrigerating system adopting the mechanical refrigerating technology according to claim 6 is characterized in that a cooling screen cylinder body is arranged in the Du Watong body, a cooling screen front flange and a cooling screen rear flange are respectively arranged at two ends of the cooling screen cylinder body, a magnet connecting cooling screen is arranged on the side wall of the cooling screen cylinder body, outlets of a magnet gas-liquid interaction tube, a magnet liquid nitrogen infusion tube and a magnet nitrogen exhaust tube are positioned in the magnet connecting cooling screen, and a throttling element bracket are arranged on the liquid helium storage tank.
8. The vehicle-mounted high-cooling high-efficiency refrigerating system adopting a mechanical refrigerating technology according to claim 7, wherein the liquid helium storage tank comprises a storage tank front sealing plate, a three-stage cold head coil pipe, a liquid level meter, a central supporting rod, a reinforcing rib, a flow baffle, a storage tank barrel rolling plate, a side sealing plate, a storage tank rear sealing plate, a capillary bracket and a capillary; the liquid helium storage tank comprises a storage tank front sealing plate, a storage tank rear sealing plate, a storage tank cylinder rolling plate and a storage tank side sealing plate, wherein a main body structure of the liquid helium storage tank is formed, a central supporting rod penetrates through the liquid helium storage tank, the flow blocking plate is arranged in parallel with the storage tank front sealing plate, and a capillary tube support for supporting the capillary tube are arranged outside the storage tank.
9. The vehicle-mounted high-cooling high-efficiency refrigerating system adopting a mechanical refrigerating technology according to claim 7, wherein the liquid nitrogen storage tank comprises a storage tank front sealing plate, a flow baffle, a magnet nitrogen exhaust pipe, a storage tank rear sealing plate, a reinforcing rib, a central supporting rod, a storage tank barrel rolling plate and a storage tank side sealing plate; The storage tank front sealing plate, the storage tank rear sealing plate, the storage tank cylinder rolling plate and the storage tank side sealing plate form a main body structure of the liquid helium storage tank, a central supporting rod penetrates through the liquid helium storage tank, and the flow blocking plate is arranged in parallel with the storage tank front sealing plate.
10. The vehicle-mounted high-cooling high-efficiency refrigerating system adopting the mechanical refrigerating technology according to claim 7, wherein the three-stage cold head disc comprises an oxygen-free copper coil, oxygen-free copper fins and a coil support, the coil support is used for supporting the oxygen-free copper coil, and the oxygen-free copper fins are arranged outside the oxygen-free copper coil.

Description

Vehicle-mounted low-temperature refrigerating system suitable for cooling superconducting magnet Technical Field The invention relates to the field of low-temperature structures of refrigeration systems, in particular to a vehicle-mounted low-temperature refrigeration system suitable for cooling a superconducting magnet. Background The description of the background art to which the present invention pertains is merely for illustrating and facilitating understanding of the summary of the invention, and should not be construed as an explicit recognition or presumption by the applicant that the applicant regards the prior art as the filing date of the first filed application. The superconducting magnet is a power source of an electric magnetic suspension rail transit system, provides strong propelling force, suspension force and guiding force for vehicles such as aircrafts, electromagnetic sledges and the like, and a low-temperature superconducting magnet which is usually used needs to adopt liquid helium as a refrigerant to construct a 4.5K low-temperature environment to maintain a superconducting state so as to realize a high-intensity magnetic field to ensure suspension of a vehicle body. However, the superconducting magnet system has heat load, liquid helium can be slowly evaporated along with the time, the superconducting magnet can be ensured to be in a superconducting state only by continuously supplementing the liquid helium in the operation process, the operation flow is complicated, and meanwhile, the liquid helium is used as strategic resource and has high price. In addition, the magnet also needs to adopt liquid nitrogen as a refrigerant cooling cold screen for reducing radiation heat leakage of liquid helium temperature zone equipment. Therefore, in order to shorten the operation flow and reduce the operation cost, a vehicle-mounted high-cooling-capacity low-temperature refrigerating system needs to be established, on one hand, an active mechanical refrigerator is adopted to counteract the heat leakage of a magnet, so that the closed-loop operation of liquid helium is realized, and on the other hand, the device has the capabilities of storing, delivering and exhausting liquid helium and liquid nitrogen refrigerants, is used for cooling the superconducting coil in the early stage and continuously cooling the cold screen, and protects the normal operation of the superconducting magnet. Compared with the traditional GM refrigerator, the JT refrigerator precooled by the regenerative GM refrigerator combines the efficiency advantages of regenerative refrigeration and JT throttling refrigeration in different temperature areas, each system is in an optimal working temperature area, the refrigerating efficiency advantage of the whole machine in a liquid helium temperature area is obvious, and the single machine can realize the vehicle-mounted cold output requirement of large cold in 10W. There are high technical barriers, and commercial products of vehicle-mounted high-cooling low-temperature refrigerating systems meeting space size requirements are not available. Therefore, there is a need to design a cryogenic refrigeration system structure suitable for cooling superconducting magnets in an electric magnetic levitation track traffic system. Disclosure of Invention The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a vehicle-mounted cryogenic refrigeration system suitable for cooling a superconducting magnet. A vehicle-mounted high-cooling high-efficiency refrigerating system adopting a mechanical refrigerating technology comprises a GM-JT refrigerator, a liquid helium and liquid nitrogen refrigerant storage, filling and exhausting system and a frame system; The GM-JT refrigerator is used for realizing closed-loop operation of liquid helium, the storage, filling and exhaust systems of liquid helium and liquid nitrogen refrigerants are used for meeting the refrigeration requirement of a magnet, and the Du Watong body is used for integrating, insulating and supporting equipment. Further, the GM-JT refrigerator comprises a GM compressor, a JT compressor, a GM cold head, a primary heat exchanger, a secondary heat exchanger, a tertiary heat exchanger, a primary cold end heat exchanger, a secondary cold end heat exchanger, a throttling element, a tertiary cold head coil pipe and connecting pipelines thereof, wherein the GM compressor, the JT compressor and the GM cold head are positioned at one end outside the Dewar cylinder; the circulating pipeline of the JT compressor is sequentially connected with the primary heat exchanger, the primary cold end heat exchanger, the secondary cold end heat exchanger, the tertiary heat exchanger, the throttling element and the tertiary cold end coil, and the circulating pipeline of the JT compressor is respectively in heat exchange with the primary cold end heat exchanger, the secondary cold end heat exchanger and the GM cold end. Further, the storage, filling and exhausting sy