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CN-121977398-A - Blasting device and method suitable for porous loose lithology

CN121977398ACN 121977398 ACN121977398 ACN 121977398ACN-121977398-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a blasting device and method suitable for porous loose lithology, and belongs to the technical field of mine construction. The invention discloses a blasting device suitable for porous loose lithology, which comprises an isolation sleeve penetrating through a drill hole of the porous loose lithology, and further comprises a blasting assembly, wherein the blasting assembly comprises a high-fluidity mixed explosive, an initiating explosive and a digital electronic detonator, the charging assembly is movably arranged in the isolation sleeve, and an orifice sealing part, the dual sealing structure is formed by plugs and the isolation sleeve, blasting energy is effectively restrained, the breaking efficiency of the porous loose lithology is remarkably improved, the isolation sleeve physically isolates the hole wall, the problem of collapse blocking charging is effectively solved, the high-fluidity mixed explosive is adopted, the uniform charging is realized by adapting to a long and narrow space of the matched pipe, energy non-uniformity is avoided, and meanwhile, the accurate time sequence detonation and detonation sufficiency are ensured through the combination of the digital electronic detonator and the initiating explosive, and the detonation reliability is comprehensively improved.

Inventors

  • ZHAO WEI
  • ZHENG YU
  • WANG JIAN
  • SHEN JIANJUN
  • LIN ZHIQIANG
  • WEI ENGUANG
  • ZHOU ZHENG
  • HUANG ZHIQIANG
  • CAO SHUAI

Assignees

  • 北京科技大学
  • 新疆宝地工程建设有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260317

Claims (10)

  1. 1. Blasting apparatus adapted to porous loose rock properties, comprising an isolation sleeve (2) penetrating into a borehole (1) of a porous loose rock mass, characterized in that it further comprises: The explosion assembly comprises a high-fluidity mixed explosive (3), an initiating explosive (4) which is arranged in the high-fluidity mixed explosive (3) and circumferentially arranged along the isolation sleeve (2) through a pipeline, and a digital electronic detonator (5) which is electrically connected with the initiating explosive (4); the charging assembly is movably arranged in the isolation sleeve (2) and is used for uniformly pumping the high-fluidity mixed explosive (3) into the isolation sleeve (2); And the orifice sealing part (6) is arranged in the isolation sleeve (2) and between the outer side wall of the upper end of the isolation sleeve (2) and the inner wall of the drilling hole (1) and is used for sealing the drilling hole (1) to form an orifice sealing structure.
  2. 2. The blasting device suitable for porous loose lithology according to claim 1, wherein the charging assembly comprises a filling head (7) arranged in an isolation sleeve (2) in a sliding manner, a pull rope (8) connected with the top of the filling head (7), a conveying pipe (9) arranged on the pull rope (8) and used for conveying the high-fluidity mixed explosive (3) into the filling head (7), and pumping equipment and winch equipment arranged on the upper side of a drilling hole (1), the pumping equipment is connected with the conveying pipe (9), the winch equipment is connected with the pull rope (8), a sealing cavity (901) used for storing the high-fluidity mixed explosive (3) and a discharging channel (10) arranged on the lower side of the filling head (7) and connected with the sealing cavity (901) are arranged on the filling head (7), and a one-way valve (1001) is arranged in the discharging channel (10).
  3. 3. The blasting device suitable for porous loose lithology according to claim 2, wherein the pouring head (7) comprises a rotary driving part (701) connected with a pull rope (8), a main base body (702) connected with the rotary driving part (701) and a rubber sleeve (703) fixedly arranged on the outer side of the main base body (702), the sealing cavity (901) is formed by encircling the outer wall of the main base body (702) and the inner wall of the rubber sleeve (703), the discharging channel (10) is formed in the main base body (702), and an exhaust valve (7022) is arranged in the main base body (702).
  4. 4. A blasting device adapted to porous loose rock properties according to claim 3, characterized in that a guiding strip (7021) is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the main base body (702), a matched protruding part (7031) is arranged on the outer side of the guiding strip (7021) of the rubber sleeve (703), and a guiding groove (201) matched with the protruding part (7031) is formed in the inner wall of the isolation sleeve (2).
  5. 5. A blasting apparatus adapted to porous loose rock properties according to claim 4, wherein the bottom of the rotary driving part (701) is fixedly connected with a screw driver (11) through a connecting rod (111), the screw driver (11) intermittently rotating forward and backward at the lower side of the pouring head (7).
  6. 6. The blasting device suitable for porous loose lithology according to claim 5, wherein the rotary driving part (701) comprises a support (7011) fixedly arranged at the top of the main base body (702), a sliding rod (7012) slidingly connected with the support (7011), a fixed plate (7013) fixedly arranged at the top of the sliding rod (7012), elastic elements (7014) sleeved on the outer side of the sliding rod (7012) and respectively connected with the fixed plate (7013) and the support (7011) at two ends, and a rotating tube (7015) rotatably arranged in the main base body (702) and driven to rotate by the sliding rod (7012), and one end of the connecting rod (111) far away from the spiral stirring piece (11) is fixedly connected with the bottom of the rotating tube (7015).
  7. 7. The blasting device suitable for porous loose lithology according to claim 6, wherein a positioning block (12) is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the rotating tube (7015), and a spiral guide groove (121) matched with the positioning block (12) is formed on the outer side wall of the sliding rod (7012).
  8. 8. The blasting device suitable for porous loose lithology according to claim 7, wherein the bottom of the sliding rod (7012) is also rotatably connected with a moving rod (13) vertically and slidably connected with a rotating tube (7015), the bottom of the moving rod (13) and the top of a spiral stirring piece (11) are rotatably connected with swinging rods (14) through pin shafts, and the other ends of the two swinging rods (14) are jointly and movably connected with a knocking plate (15) which is movably propped against the inner wall of the isolation sleeve (2); the pouring head (7) realizes the mechanical linkage of forward and reverse rotation shearing of a spiral stirring piece (11) driven by a rotary driving part (701) and periodic knocking of a knocking plate (15) by intermittently pulling the same pull rope (8).
  9. 9. A blasting apparatus adapted to porous loose rock properties according to claim 8, wherein the port closure (6) comprises a rubber plug (601) arranged on the upper side of the spacer sleeve (2) and plugs (602) filled inside and outside the top of the spacer sleeve (2), the plugs (602) being quick setting mortars or expanding plugging agents.
  10. 10. A method for adapting to porous loose rock properties by blasting using a blasting apparatus according to claim 9, comprising the steps of: S1, drilling a drill hole (1) with required depth and diameter in a porous loose rock body to be blasted, and then driving an isolation sleeve (2) into the drill hole (1), wherein a rubber plug (601) pre-placed at the upper end of the isolation sleeve (2) can preliminarily seal an annular gap between the upper end of the isolation sleeve (2) and the inner wall of the drill hole (1) to prevent subsequent plugs (602) from leaking; S2, releasing a pull rope (8) through winch equipment, enabling a charging assembly to slowly descend to the bottom of the isolation sleeve (2) along the inside of the isolation sleeve (2) under the action of dead weight, wherein in the process, a rubber sleeve (703) at the outer side of a main seat body (702) is in an unexpanded state so as to reduce friction resistance in the descending process, and a guide strip (7021) is matched with a guide groove (201) at the inner wall of the isolation sleeve (2) to ensure that a filling head (7) stably descends and prevent torsion; S3, starting pumping equipment, pumping the high-fluidity mixed explosive (3) into a sealing cavity (901) of a filling head (7) through a conveying pipe (9), and along with the pumping of the explosive, increasing the pressure in the sealing cavity (901), forcing the rubber sleeve (703) to expand radially, and finally tightly attaching the rubber sleeve to the inner wall of the isolation sleeve (2) to form dynamic sealing; S4, after the rubber sleeve (703) is inflated and sealed, the pressure in the sealing cavity (901) is further increased, a one-way valve (1001) in the discharging channel (10) is jacked up, the high-fluidity mixed explosive (3) starts to be discharged from the bottom of the filling head (7) to fill the lower space of the isolation sleeve (2), and meanwhile, the linkage operation is started, namely the winch equipment starts to intermittently lift and release the pull rope (8); In the lifting stage, when the pull rope (8) is lifted, because of the huge friction force between the rubber sleeve (703) and the inner wall of the isolation sleeve (2), the pulling force firstly acts on the rotary driving part (701), the sliding rod (7012) moves upwards relative to the support (7011) against the pulling force of the elastic element (7014), and because of the cooperation of the positioning block (12) and the spiral guide groove (121), the upward movement of the sliding rod (7012) is converted into the forward rotation of the rotating tube (7015), the rotating tube (7015) drives the spiral stirring piece (11) to rotate forward through the connecting rod (111), the shearing action is carried out on the explosive pumped below, and meanwhile, the knocking plate (15) is pulled by the swinging rod (14) to be temporarily separated from the tube wall for subsequent knocking preparation; The release stage comprises the steps that when the stay cord (8) is released for a certain distance, the elastic element (7014) retracts and pulls the sliding rod (7012) to move downwards, the process drives the rotary tube (7015) and the spiral stirring piece (11) to rotate reversely through the same spiral mechanism, meanwhile, the moving rod (13) moves downwards, and the sliding rod (7012) drives the knocking plate (15) to knock the inner wall of the isolation sleeve (2) radially outwards through the transmission of the moving rod (13) and the swinging rod (14); In the process, pumping is continuously carried out, and the winch equipment slowly lifts the whole pouring head (7), so that in the lifting process, the pumping of the explosive, the positive and negative rotation shearing disturbance of the spiral sheet and the periodic knocking on the inner wall of the isolation sleeve (2) are synchronously completed; s5, stopping pumping and removing the charging assembly after the high-fluidity mixed explosive (3) is filled to a preset height, lowering the initiating explosive (4) connected through a pipeline into the filled explosive according to a designed interval, and filling a plug (602) into the annular space inside the top end of the isolation sleeve (2) and between the isolation sleeve and the inner wall of the drilling hole (1) to form a firm orifice sealing part (6); And S6, connecting a lead wire of the initiating explosive (4) with the digital electronic detonator (5), and using the initiator to control the initiating explosive through the digital electronic detonator (5) to implement accurate delay initiation.

Description

Blasting device and method suitable for porous loose lithology Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of mine construction, in particular to a blasting device and method suitable for porous loose lithology. Background In the field of mining exploitation, blasting construction of porous loose lithology (such as weathered sandstone, gritty rock, loose tuff and the like) is a common technical problem. The rock has the core characteristics of high porosity, weak particle cementation degree, loose structure, low compressive strength and poor integrity, so that the traditional blasting technology faces a plurality of bottlenecks in practical application. At present, aiming at the blasting operation of weak lithology, a partial local optimization scheme has appeared, namely, an air spacing device such as CN116428926B improves the blasting energy distribution, a liquid blockage method of CN115979087B reduces the operation intensity and improves the rock breaking effect, the tuff blasthole arrangement of CN110926291B improves the material yield, and an energy homogenizing device of CN110108175B solves the problems of large orifice and root. But when applied to porous loose lithology, the following key problems exist: The explosive energy utilization rate is low, a large number of holes with porous loose lithology can absorb the impact wave energy generated by explosive explosion, so that the energy is quickly attenuated, enough crushing stress cannot be formed, partial area rocks are difficult to achieve the design crushing effect, secondary blasting or mechanical crushing is needed, and the construction efficiency is low; The explosion block is uneven, namely the bonding force among particles of loose rock is weak, an explosion energy concentration area is easy to generate excessive crushing (a large amount of dust and fine slag are formed), and a large-block rock residue appears in an energy attenuation area, so that the subsequent slag removal and treatment cost is increased, and the engineering progress is influenced; The stability of the charge and the blasthole is poor, the wall of the blasthole with loose lithology is easy to collapse, the compactness of the charge is difficult to ensure by the traditional columnar charge, the blocking effect of the blasthole is poor, the phenomenon of 'blasting' is easy to occur, the explosion gas is easy to leak in advance, and the blasting efficiency is further reduced; The safety risk is high, in the blasting process, loose rocks are easy to collapse around rock, splash flying rocks and other accidents caused by impact wave disturbance, and especially in tunneling or slope excavation scenes, the safety of constructors and equipment is seriously threatened; the environmental impact is remarkable, the energy waste causes the increase of the specific explosive consumption, not only the engineering cost is increased, but also stronger blasting vibration and noise are generated, and adverse effects are caused on surrounding structures and ecological environment. Although the prior art has partial improvement schemes of an air spacing device, a liquid blockage, an energy homogenizing device and the like, the schemes are mainly aimed at general lithology or single problems, and the basic shortages still exist in the special scene of porous loose lithology, namely, on one hand, the traditional charging mode is difficult to realize synchronous dynamic sealing and uniform filling in a long and narrow pore canal which is easy to collapse, and on the other hand, the traditional mechanical stirring or vibrating device usually depends on an independent power source or an electric control system, and potential safety hazards and operation complexity exist in the severe environment (dust, high humidity and explosion risk) of mine blasting. Even if the technical personnel in the field know the conventional mechanical transmission elements such as a screw rod, a connecting rod, a cam and the like, the combination of the mechanical transmission elements is difficult to directly apply to solve the composite technical problems of porous loose lithology such as easy collapse of the hole wall, easy dissipation of energy, gas wrapping of the charging and uneven detonation, so that the protection, charging, compaction and closed integrated efficient operation still cannot be realized in the prior art. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the problems of easy collapse of the hole wall, easy energy dispersion, uneven charging and inaccurate initiation of porous loose lithology blasting in the prior art, and provides a blasting device and a blasting method suitable for the porous loose lithology, which integrate actions of mechanisms through pure mechanical linkage, realize protection-charging-sealing-initiation integrated operation, do not need additional power sources and electric control equipment, and adapt to severe construction environments of mines. In ord