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CN-121977401-A - Blasting oxygenation device and method suitable for highland hypoxia environment

CN121977401ACN 121977401 ACN121977401 ACN 121977401ACN-121977401-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of blasting, in particular to a blasting oxygenation device and a blasting oxygenation method which are suitable for a highland hypoxia environment, the device aims to solve the problem of incomplete blasting reaction of explosive under the highland hypoxia environment, the device comprises a explosive charge, an aerator, a partition and a sealing plug which are arranged in a blasting hole, the aerator is provided with a shell and an inner gall bladder, the inner gall bladder stores oxygen, the partition consists of an upper cover plate and an annular air bag, the aerator and the partition are arranged between two explosive charges which are adjacent up and down, the sealing plug is located the blasthole top, and when the explosive package was detonated, the shock wave that produces can make the interior gall bladder of aerator break and release oxygen, promotes the annular gasbag inflation of wall ware in order to seal the pore wall simultaneously, forms oxygenation space, and the air storage bag in the sealing plug also can be punctured, supplements oxygen downwards, and the device utilizes the energy triggering oxygen release and the sealing of blasting self, has realized supplying oxygen and preventing the oxygen and spill for the reaction zone in the blasting twinkling of an eye, helps promoting the plateau blasting effect.

Inventors

  • WANG JISHE
  • CHENG JIANBING
  • WANG XIAOGUANG
  • WANG TAO
  • SHENG TIANXING
  • JIANG MEILIN
  • CAO SHUAI

Assignees

  • 北京科技大学
  • 新疆中岩恒泰爆破工程有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260316

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The blasting oxygenation device suitable for the highland hypoxia environment comprises a plurality of charging bags (2), an aerator (3), a partition (4) and a sealing plug (5) which are vertically arranged in a blasting hole (1), and is characterized in that the aerator (3) is fixed at the bottom of the partition (4), and the aerator (3) and the partition (4) are arranged between two adjacent charging bags (2) at the upper and lower positions; The sealing plug (5) is positioned in the blast hole (1) and close to the top end, and the bottom of the sealing plug (5) is abutted against the top of the uppermost charging bag (2); The aerator (3) is used for providing oxygen for adjacent charge packs (2) when the charge packs (2) are detonated, the partition device (4) is matched with the inner wall of the blasting hole (1) to form a closed aeration chamber, and the sealing plug (5) is used for releasing oxygen and sealing the top of the blasting hole (1) during blasting.
  2. 2. The blasting oxygenation device suitable for the highland hypoxia environment according to claim 1, wherein the oxygenation device (3) comprises a shell (6) and an inner gall bladder (10) fixed in the shell (6), a plurality of arch-shaped brackets (8) are arranged in the shell (6), the top end and the bottom end of each arch-shaped bracket (8) are fixedly connected with the inner wall of the top and the inner wall of the bottom of the shell (6) respectively, the arch-shaped brackets (8) are annularly arranged on the outer side of the inner gall bladder (10), a plurality of wedge-shaped shears (9) are fixed on one side, close to the inner gall bladder (10), of each arch-shaped bracket (8), a plurality of V-shaped notch grooves (11) matched with the wedge-shaped shears (9) are formed in the outer wall of the inner gall bladder (10), and a plurality of spraying windows (7) are formed in the outer wall of the shell (6); When the explosive package (2) is detonated, the shell (6) is axially compressed by blasting shock waves and drives the arched bracket (8) to bend inwards, the wedge-shaped shears (9) are driven to radially puncture the inner gall bladder (10), and high-pressure oxygen in the inner gall bladder (10) is sprayed out through the spraying window (7).
  3. 3. The blasting oxygenation device suitable for the highland hypoxia environment according to claim 2, wherein the breaker (4) comprises an upper cover plate (13) and a ring airbag (18), the bottom of the upper cover plate (13) is fixed on the top of the shell (6), a ring groove (14) is arranged in the upper cover plate (13), a ring plate (15) is connected in a sealing sliding manner in the ring groove (14), a plurality of sliding rods (16) are fixed on the top of the ring plate (15), the top ends of the sliding rods (16) extend to the upper part of the upper cover plate (13) and are fixed with the same ring pressing plate (17), the ring pressing plate (17) is matched with the bottom of an adjacent explosive package (2), the ring airbag (18) is fixedly embedded on the outer wall of the upper cover plate (13), the ring airbag (18) is communicated with the ring groove (14) through a plurality of communicating pipes (19) fixed in the upper cover plate (13), and the communicating pipes (19) are positioned below the ring plate (15); The pressure of the charging bag (2) pushes the adjacent annular pressing plate (17) and the annular plate (15) to move downwards, and gas in the annular groove (14) is pressed into the annular air bag (18) through the communicating pipe (19) to expand and attach to the inner wall of the blasting hole (1).
  4. 4. A blasting oxygenation device suitable for use in a highland hypoxic environment according to claim 3, wherein the sealing plug (5) comprises a plunger (20), a top plate (22) fixed at the top end of the plunger (20) and a plurality of rubber rings (21) fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the plunger (20), a cavity (23) is arranged in the plunger (20), a bearing plate (24) is fixed in the cavity (23), an air storage bag (26) is fixed between the top of the bearing plate (24) and the top inner wall of the cavity (23), a plurality of vent holes (25) are formed in the bearing plate (24), a plurality of nozzles (42) communicated with the cavity (23) are fixed at the bottom of the plunger (20), and a puncturing structure for puncturing the air storage bag (26) is arranged in the plunger (20).
  5. 5. The blasting oxygenation device adapted to the highland hypoxia environment according to claim 4, wherein the puncture structure comprises a plurality of guide rods (44) fixed at the bottom of the plunger (20), a plurality of discs (31) sleeved on the outer walls of the guide rods (44) in a sliding manner, and a connecting rod (29) rotatably connected to the tops of the discs (31), through holes (28) communicated with the cavity (23) are formed in the bottom of the plunger (20), a plurality of guide blocks (37) are fixed on the inner wall of the through holes (28), a plurality of spiral grooves (36) in sliding fit with the guide blocks (37) are formed in the outer surface of the connecting rod (29), the top ends of the connecting rod (29) extend into the cavity (23) and are fixedly provided with a fixed disc (32), a plurality of vertical rods (33) are fixedly provided at the top ends of the fixed disc (32), a plurality of tooth sockets (35) are formed at the top of the fixed ring (34), and a plurality of avoidance plates (24) are arranged in the tooth sockets (35) for bearing the fixed disc (32); The shock waves initiated by the charging bag (2) push the disc (31) and the connecting rod (29) to move upwards, and the guide block (37) and the spiral groove (36) are matched to drive the connecting rod (29), the fixed disc (32) and the fixed ring (34) to rotate, so that the sawtooth groove (35) pierces the gas storage bag (26).
  6. 6. The blasting oxygenation device suitable for the highland low-oxygen environment according to claim 5, wherein annular scores (38) matched with the sawtooth grooves (35) are formed in the bottom of the air storage bag (26), a plurality of rubber balls (30) are fixed on the outer wall of the connecting rod (29), and the distance between one side, away from the connecting rod (29), of the rubber balls (30) and the axis of the connecting rod (29) is larger than the inner diameter of the through hole (28).
  7. 7. The blasting oxygenation device adapted to a highland hypoxic environment according to claim 6, wherein a bell jar (43) is fixed at the bottom of the upper cover plate (13), the housing (6) is located in the bell jar (43), an arc-shaped limiting plate (12) is fixed at the bottom of the housing (6), and the arc-shaped limiting plate (12) is matched with the top of the charge pack (2).
  8. 8. The blasting oxygenation device adapted to a highland hypoxic environment according to claim 7, wherein the outer diameter of the upper cover plate (13) is smaller than the inner diameter of the blasthole (1), and the outer diameter of the rubber ring (21) is larger than the inner diameter of the blasthole (1).
  9. 9. The blasting oxygenation device suitable for the highland low-oxygen environment according to claim 8, wherein a plurality of cross bars (39) are fixed on the outer wall of the shell (6), one end, far away from the shell (6), of each cross bar (39) is fixed with a guide plate (40), each guide plate (40) is in contact with the inner wall of the blasting hole (1), and cambered surfaces (41) are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of one side, far away from the shell (6), of each guide plate (40).
  10. 10. A method of using a blasting oxygenation device adapted to a low oxygen altitude environment, the blasting oxygenation device adapted to a low oxygen altitude environment of claim 9, comprising the steps of: S1, placing a first explosive charge (2) in a blast hole (1), then placing an aerator (3) connected with a partition (4), guiding the aerator to be positioned by using a guide plate (40), then placing a second explosive charge (2) to be pressed on a ring pressing plate (17) of the partition (4), pushing the ring plate (15) to move downwards by using the gravity of the explosive charge (2), pressing air in a ring groove (14) into a ring air bag (18), expanding the ring air bag (18) and tightly attaching the inner wall of the blast hole (1), and forming a sealed aeration chamber between two layers of explosive charge bags; S2, driving the sealing plug (5) into the hole of the blast hole (1), and extruding the sealing plug with the hole wall through the rubber ring (21) to form a hole opening seal, wherein a piercing structure in the sealing plug (5) is in a state to be excited; S3, detonating the explosive package (2), blasting shock waves act on the aerator (3) to enable the shell (6) to axially compress and deform, driving the inner arc-shaped support (8) to bend, driving the wedge-shaped shear (9) to radially puncture the inner gall bladder (10), and instantly releasing oxygen into the aeration chamber through the injection window (7); s4, blasting shock waves act on the sealing plug (5) at the same time, the disc (31) and the connecting rod (29) are pushed to move upwards, the axial movement is converted into rotary movement by utilizing the cooperation of the guide block (37) and the spiral groove (36), the fixing ring (34) is driven to rotate, and the air storage bag (26) is punctured by the serration groove (35), so that oxygen is sprayed downwards to a reaction area of the top medicine packing bag (2).

Description

Blasting oxygenation device and method suitable for highland hypoxia environment Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of blasting, in particular to a blasting oxygenation device and method suitable for a highland hypoxia environment. Background In the step deep hole blasting operation of surface mines, common industrial explosives mainly comprise porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive and emulsion explosive. Under the conventional low-altitude environment, a relatively ideal blasting crushing effect can be obtained through reasonable pore network parameter design, an axial spaced charging structure and an uncoupled charging technology. However, in a plateau environment, blasting operations face extremely specific physical and chemical challenges, and existing blasting techniques expose significant limitations: The detonation performance of the explosive is severely restricted by the high and low air pressure and the anoxic environment. Industrial explosives, while self-contained with oxidants, tend to rely on a standard atmospheric environment for a "zero oxygen balance" designed under ideal detonation conditions. In plateau areas, the air is thin and the oxygen content is significantly reduced, resulting in a lack of adequate external oxygen support for the secondary reaction after detonation of the explosive (i.e. the post-combustion stage of the detonation products). The explosive reaction is incomplete, the released chemical energy is greatly reduced, the blasting work efficiency is reduced, a large amount of toxic and harmful gases (gun smoke) such as carbon monoxide and the like can be generated due to insufficient combustion, and the potential safety hazard of the working face is increased. The severe geological conditions of freeze thawing alternation of the plateau impair the sealing effect of conventional plugs. The day-night temperature difference in the plateau area is large, and the inside of the rock body has freeze thawing circulation throughout the year, so that the hole wall of the blast hole is easy to freeze, and even irregular frost heaving cracks appear. When the traditional rock powder or clay is blocked in the face of the smooth and irregular frozen hole wall, the friction force is greatly reduced, and the phenomenon of punching is easily generated under the action of high-pressure gas generated by blasting. Once punching occurs, detonation gas with high temperature and high pressure can escape from the orifice prematurely, so that pressure in the orifice suddenly drops, and the rock cannot be sufficiently crushed and thrown, and finally, the problems of high rock blocking rate, more root residues, small loosening range and the like are presented. Disclosure of Invention The explosive explosion reaction is incomplete under the low oxygen environment of the existing plateau, the traditional blockage is easy to punch, and the existing device can not automatically release oxygen by utilizing explosion shock waves and form a sealed oxygenation chamber. The invention relates to a device and a method for automatic oxygenation and sealing by utilizing blasting shock waves. The automatic oxygen release driven by the shock wave of the aerator, the gravity linkage sealing of the isolating device to form an aeration chamber, and the sealing plug synchronously supplements oxygen and delays the escape of gas. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: The blasting oxygenation device suitable for the highland hypoxia environment comprises a blasting hole, wherein a plurality of explosive charges, an aerator, a partition and a sealing plug are vertically arranged in the blasting hole; The aerator is fixed at the bottom of the partition, and the aerator and the partition are arranged between the upper and lower adjacent charging bags; The sealing plug is positioned in the blasting hole and close to the top end, and the bottom of the sealing plug is abutted against the top of the uppermost medicine packing bag; The aerator is used for providing oxygen for adjacent charge packs when the charge packs are detonated, the partition device is matched with the inner wall of the blast hole to form a closed aeration chamber, and the sealing plug is used for releasing oxygen and sealing the top of the blast hole during blasting. In one possible design, the aerator comprises a shell and an inner gall bladder fixed in the shell, wherein a plurality of arch-shaped brackets are arranged in the shell, the top end and the bottom end of each arch-shaped bracket are respectively and fixedly connected with the top inner wall and the bottom inner wall of the shell, the plurality of arch-shaped brackets are annularly arranged on the outer side of the inner gall bladder, a plurality of wedge-shaped cutters are fixed on one side, close to the inner gall bladder, of each arch-shaped bracket, a plurality of V-shaped notch grooves mat