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CN-121977406-A - Blasting device and method suitable for parallel multi-interlayer lithology

CN121977406ACN 121977406 ACN121977406 ACN 121977406ACN-121977406-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of mine blasting, in particular to a blasting device and a blasting method which are suitable for parallel multi-interlayer lithology, which solve the problems of inaccurate positioning, upward movement of a pilot bit and a transmission rod, hole collapse of a weak interlayer, dust overflow and scattering and easy damage of an ultrasonic sensor during blasting, the device comprises a clamping assembly which is used for clamping into the wall of the weak interlayer to provide support, the transmission rod is internally provided with the ultrasonic sensor and a buffer mechanism, the sensor is used for identifying the positions of a main ore layer and the weak interlayer, the buffer mechanism is used for protecting the sensor from explosion impact, the connecting rod piece and the transmission rod are internally provided with a medicine injection pipeline for injecting explosive into the hole below the guide drill bit, the outer wall of the connecting rod piece and the transmission rod are provided with an air bag, a first sealing component and a second sealing component are arranged in the connecting rod piece and the transmission rod, during explosion, the shock wave drives the first sealing component to act, the second sealing component is synchronously triggered to expand the air bag, the gap between the pushing plate and the hole wall is blocked, the hole collapse of a weak interlayer can be effectively prevented, the dust overflow is reduced, and the internal detection component is protected.

Inventors

  • WANG CHANGXIN
  • DING YUE
  • JIANG XIAOBO
  • Xiao Xiaogao
  • XU ZHIHUA
  • Feng baotong
  • GAO YANZHE
  • LIU YANXI
  • CAO SHUAI

Assignees

  • 北京科技大学
  • 新疆火烧云铅锌矿有限责任公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260316

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The utility model provides an explosion device suitable for parallel multi-layer lithology, includes connecting rod piece (4), the bottom mounting of connecting rod piece (4) has transfer line (6), be equipped with detonator (47) in transfer line (6), the fixed cover of outer wall of connecting rod piece (4) is equipped with wear-resisting sleeve (5), the bottom mounting of transfer line (6) has propulsion board (23), the outer wall of propulsion board (23) is fixed with gasbag (40), the bottom mounting of propulsion board (23) has pilot bit (24), connecting rod piece (4), transfer line (6) and pilot bit (24) are provided with injection mechanism for pour into explosive to pilot bit (24) below; in order to stably fix the transmission rod (6) at the position of the weak interlayer (2) in the blasting hole (3) in the blasting process, a fixing mechanism is arranged on the outer wall of the transmission rod (6), and comprises an interlayer reinforcing sleeve (16) fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the transmission rod (6) and a plurality of clamping components arranged on the outer wall of the interlayer reinforcing sleeve (16); Be equipped with a plurality of ultrasonic sensor (11) in transfer line (6) for real-time detection and distinguish the interface position of main ore deposit (1) and weak intermediate layer (2), make intermediate layer reinforcement sleeve (16) be located in weak intermediate layer (2), be equipped with multiunit buffer mechanism in transfer line (6) for protect ultrasonic sensor (11) in blasting, buffer mechanism is including setting up at least one piston board (9) of a plurality of buffer chambers (7) with buffer chamber partition at transfer line (6) outer wall to and the elastic buffer spare and the damping medium that act on piston board (9).
  2. 2. The blasting device adapted to parallel multi-interlayer lithology according to claim 1, wherein the drug injection mechanism comprises a drug injection pipeline (25) fixedly penetrating through a connecting rod piece (4), the bottom end of the drug injection pipeline (25) fixedly extends into a transmission rod (6), a plurality of drug injection branch pipes (26) are fixedly arranged in the transmission rod (6), the top ends of the drug injection branch pipes (26) are fixedly communicated with the bottom ends of the drug injection pipeline (25), a plurality of through holes I (27) are arranged in the pushing plate (23), the through holes I (27) correspond to the drug injection branch pipes (26), a plurality of through holes II (28) are arranged in the guide drill bit (24), and the through holes II (28) correspond to the through holes I (27); And a plurality of groups of first sealing assemblies and second sealing assemblies are further arranged in the pushing plate (23), wherein explosive is injected into the explosive injection branch pipe (26) through the explosive injection pipeline (25), and the explosive is injected into the blasting holes (3) through the through holes I (27) and the through holes II (28) and is positioned at the position of the main ore layer (1).
  3. 3. The blasting device suitable for parallel multi-interlayer lithology according to claim 2, wherein the first sealing component comprises a fixing ring (33) fixed in a through hole I (27), a transverse plate (29) positioned below the fixing ring (33) is fixed in the through hole I (27), a sliding rod (30) is fixed at the top of the transverse plate (29), a frustum (31) is sleeved on the outer wall of the sliding rod (30) in a sliding manner, a tension spring I (32) is fixed between the top end of the sliding rod (30) and the top inner wall of the frustum (31), a conical groove attached to the outer wall of the frustum (31) is formed in the bottom of the fixing ring (33), a plurality of magnetic blocks (34) are fixedly embedded in the conical groove, a iron skin layer is fixed on the outer wall of the frustum (31), and when in blasting, the frustum (31) and the conical groove are matched with the fixing ring (33), and the magnetic blocks (34) adsorb the frustum (31) to keep sealing.
  4. 4. A blasting device adapted to parallel multi-layer lithology according to claim 3, wherein the second sealing assembly comprises a cavity (35) arranged in a pushing plate (23), a movable plate (36) is connected in a sealing sliding manner in the cavity (35), a push rod (37) is fixed on one side, close to a frustum (31), of the movable plate (36), one end of the push rod (37) extends into a through hole I (27) in a sliding manner, one end, close to the frustum (31), of the push rod (37) is provided with an arc surface, a tension spring II (38) is sleeved on the outer wall of the push rod (37), one end of the tension spring II (38) is fixedly connected with the movable plate (36), the other end of the tension spring II is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the cavity (35), a connecting pipe (39) is fixedly arranged in the pushing plate (23), the air bag (40) is communicated with the cavity (35) through the connecting pipe (39), the magnetic attraction between the magnetic block (34) and the frustum (31) is larger than the sum of the tension spring I (32), the tension spring II (38) and the gravity force of the frustum (31), and when the air bag (38) moves to the frustum (31) to expand, and the air bag (35) moves to the air bag (31) and the sum.
  5. 5. The blasting device suitable for parallel multi-interlayer lithology according to claim 4, wherein the clamping assembly comprises a plurality of avoidance grooves (17) arranged on the outer wall of an interlayer reinforcing sleeve (16), a rotating shaft (18) is connected in a rotating mode in the avoidance grooves (17), clamping plates (19) are fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (18), two torsion springs (20) are sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (18), one ends of the two torsion springs (20) are fixedly connected with the clamping plates (19), the other ends of the two torsion springs are fixedly connected with the inner wall of the avoidance grooves (17), an iron block (21) is fixed on one side of the clamping plates (19) close to a transmission rod (6), an electromagnet (22) is fixed on one side inner wall of the avoidance grooves (17), when the interlayer reinforcing sleeve (16) is lifted up, the clamping plates (19) are pricked into the hole walls of a soft interlayer (2) under the action of the torsion springs (20), the electromagnet (22) are electrified to adsorb the iron block (21), and the clamping plates (19) are driven to rotate and are stored in the avoidance grooves (17).
  6. 6. A blasting apparatus adapted to parallel multi-layer lithology according to claim 5, wherein two of the said clamping assemblies are arranged in a staggered manner, for arranging a plurality of clamping plates (19) in a staggered manner.
  7. 7. A blasting device adapted to parallel multi-layer lithology according to claim 6, characterized in that the buffer means further comprises a liner (10) fixed between two piston plates (9), wherein an ultrasonic sensor (11) is fixed inside the liner (10), and wherein an elastic buffer is fixed on both the top inner wall and the bottom inner wall of the buffer chamber (7); The two elastic buffer pieces comprise fixing sleeves (12), piston rods (13) are slidably connected in the fixing sleeves (12), the piston rods (13) are fixedly connected with the two piston plates (9) respectively, springs I (14) are fixedly arranged at one ends, far away from the piston plates (9), of the piston rods (13), and the other ends of the springs I (14) are fixedly connected with the inner walls of the two fixing sleeves (12) respectively.
  8. 8. A blasting device adapted for parallel multi-layer lithology according to claim 7, characterized in that the buffer means further comprises a partition plate (8) fixed in the buffer chamber (7), both piston plates (9) are slidably connected with the partition plate (8), an oil chamber filled with damping silicone oil is formed between the side of the two piston plates (9) facing away from each other and the inner wall of the buffer chamber (7), and a plurality of communication pipes (15) are fixed between the two piston plates (9).
  9. 9. The blasting device suitable for parallel multi-interlayer lithology according to claim 8, wherein a plurality of sliding grooves (41) are formed in the interlayer reinforcement sleeve (16), the sliding grooves (41) are communicated with avoidance grooves (17) in the lowest-layer clamping assembly, extrusion rods (42) extending into adjacent avoidance grooves (17) are connected in a sliding manner in the sliding grooves (41), springs II (43) are fixed between the extrusion rods (42) and the inner walls of the sliding grooves (41), a plurality of vertical rods (44) are connected in the interlayer reinforcement sleeve (16) in a vertical sliding manner, the top ends of the vertical rods (44) are connected with the bottoms of the adjacent extrusion rods (42) in a rotating manner through connecting rods (45), the tops of the pushing rods (37) are fixedly provided with trapezoid bodies (46), the bottom ends of the vertical rods (44) are matched with the inclined surfaces of one sides of the trapezoid bodies (46), when the clamping plates (19) are stored, the extrusion rods (42) are driven to move downwards through the connecting rods (45), and the bottom ends of the vertical rods (44) and the trapezoid bodies (46) are driven to move downwards to act on the inclined surfaces of the trapezoid bodies (31) to enable the tapered bodies (37) to be fixed to the inclined surfaces (33).
  10. 10. A method of using a blasting apparatus adapted for parallel multi-layer lithology, applied to the blasting apparatus of claim 9, comprising the steps of: S1, connecting and locking a connecting rod piece (4) with external lowering equipment, controlling an electromagnet (22) to be electrified so as to adsorb an iron block (21), and driving a clamping plate (19) to be contained in an avoidance groove (17), starting an ultrasonic sensor (11) and lowering the device into a blasting hole (3), identifying the interface between a main ore layer (1) and a weak interlayer (2) in real time through the ultrasonic sensor (11), and adjusting the lowering depth according to a feedback signal until the ultrasonic sensor (11) detects that an interlayer reinforcing sleeve (16) completely enters a target weak interlayer (2); s2, stopping releasing and controlling the electromagnet (22) to cut off power, so that the clamping plate (19) ejects out and presses against the hole wall under the action of the torsion spring (20), lifting the connecting rod piece (4) upwards, and locking the transmission rod (6) at the position of the weak interlayer (2) by utilizing the reverse friction force of the clamping plate (19) and the hole wall and the torsion force of the torsion spring (20) to enable the clamping plate (19) to penetrate the hole wall to form multi-point anchoring; S3, after the anchoring is confirmed to be firm, the explosive is pumped through the explosive injection pipeline (25), and sequentially flows through the explosive injection branch pipe (26), the through holes I (27) and the through holes II (28) and is injected into the main ore layer (1) area below the pilot bit (24); s4, detonating a detonator (47) in the transmission rod (6), pushing the frustum (31) to move upwards by utilizing shock waves generated by explosion to be attached to the fixed ring (33) to seal the medicine injection channel, driving the movable plate (36) to compress gas by the push rod (37) to expand the air bag (40) at the same time, and blocking the gap between the pushing plate (23) and the hole wall; S5, after the operation is completed, the electromagnet (22) is electrified to adsorb the clamping plate (19) for storage, the clamping plate (19) is extruded to extrude the extruding rod (42) in the storage process, the vertical rod (44) is driven to move downwards through the connecting rod (45), the vertical rod (44) is matched with the trapezoid body (46) to drive the push rod (37) and the frustum (31) to reset, so that the closure of a medicine injection channel and the expansion state of the air bag (40) are relieved, and then the device is lifted and recovered from the blasting hole (3).

Description

Blasting device and method suitable for parallel multi-interlayer lithology Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of mine blasting, in particular to a blasting device and method suitable for parallel multi-interlayer lithology. Background In the engineering fields of mining, tunnel excavation and the like, parallel multi-interlayer lithology geological structures are often encountered, the geological structures are formed by alternately and parallelly distributing main mineral layers and weak interlayers, the main mineral layers are mining targets, and the weak interlayers are loose in texture, low in strength and poor in stability. When the main ore layer is blasted, a blasthole is drilled in the geological layer, and a blasting device is sent into a designated position in the blasthole and is injected with explosive, so that the blasting operation of the main ore layer is completed. When the existing blasting device is used in parallel multi-layer lithology geology, a plurality of defects exist: 1. The blasting effect is controlled mainly by adjusting the explosive loading (air-spaced explosive loading) in the prior art. However, in the parallel multi-sandwich structure, the operation is very complicated and it is difficult to precisely correspond to the sandwich position. Once the position is slightly deviated, the full-power explosion wave can fry the weak interlayer into powder, so that waste rock is mixed into ore, and the ore location of a finished product is greatly reduced; 2. In the blasting process, the shock waves are easily conducted to the weak interlayer through a gap between the blasting device and the inner wall of the blasting hole, so that the broken hole collapse of the weak interlayer is further aggravated, and even the geological stability of the whole blasting area is influenced; 3. The fixing effect of the blasting device in the blasting hole is poor, the blasting device is easy to shift upwards due to the strong impact force generated during blasting, stable operation of the blasting device at a designated position cannot be guaranteed, and the blasting effect is further affected. Meanwhile, a sensor for detecting lithology positions in the blasting device is easy to damage under the action of blasting shock waves, so that the sensor cannot work normally, accurate detection of lithology positions cannot be realized, and the accuracy of subsequent blasting operation is affected; 4. The explosive injection channel of the existing blasting device cannot be effectively sealed in the blasting process, the impact wave is easily conducted upwards through the explosive injection channel, the upper part of the blasting device is damaged, dust generated by blasting is easily scattered through the explosive injection channel and a gap between the explosive injection channel and the device and the hole wall, the working environment is polluted, the internal channel of the device is possibly blocked, and the normal operation and the subsequent recycling of the device are affected. In addition, after the blasting device completes one-time blasting, the closed structure of the blasting device is difficult to reset rapidly, subsequent explosive injection and blasting operation are inconvenient to carry out, and the operation efficiency is reduced. Disclosure of Invention In the existing parallel multi-interlayer lithology blasting, the positioning is inaccurate, the device moves upwards, the weak interlayer collapses, dust is scattered, and a sensor is easy to damage, so that the blasting precision is low and the potential safety hazard is large. A device and a method for precisely positioning and anchoring and automatically sealing and protecting shock waves are designed. The ultrasonic real-time positioning and clamping assembly is anchored at multiple points, the shock wave drives the double-sealing assembly, the buffer mechanism protects the sensor, and the linkage is reset. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: The utility model provides an explosion device of adaptation in parallel multi-layer lithology, includes the connection member, the bottom mounting of connection member has the transfer line, be equipped with the detonator in the transfer line, the outer wall fixed cover of connection member is equipped with wear-resisting sleeve pipe, the bottom mounting of transfer line has the propulsion board, the outer wall of propulsion board is fixed with the gasbag, the bottom mounting of propulsion board has the direction drill bit, connection member, transfer line and direction drill bit are provided with the injection mechanism for to direction drill bit below injection explosive; in order to stably fix the transmission rod at the weak interlayer position in the blasting hole in the blasting process, the outer wall of the transmission rod is provided with a fixing mechanism, and the fixing mechanism comprises