CN-121977452-A - Surrounding rock internal displacement sensing system and parameter configuration method thereof

CN121977452ACN 121977452 ACN121977452 ACN 121977452ACN-121977452-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a surrounding rock internal displacement sensing system and a parameter configuration method thereof, wherein the surrounding rock internal displacement sensing system comprises an anchoring module, a deep anchoring claw and a shallow anchoring claw which are connected with a pull rope, a stabilizing sleeve is sleeved outside the pull rope, a displacement conversion module is symmetrically arranged on the central shaft of the stabilizing sleeve, optical fiber sensing assemblies comprise measuring optical fibers, a steel wire rope winding drum and the anchoring claw in the displacement conversion module are correspondingly connected through the pull rope, a first ball screw and a second ball screw are arranged on two sides of the sleeve, a first sliding block is sleeved on the first ball screw, a second sliding block and a third sliding block are sleeved on the second ball screw, a second spring is sleeved between the second sliding block and the third sliding block, the first spring is sleeved between the third sliding block and the end part of the second ball screw, two optical fiber fixing supports are arranged at the end part of the third sliding block and the sliding rod, and the measuring optical fibers are fixed between the third sliding block and the two optical fibers, and therefore the deep displacement and shallow displacement synchronous sensing effect is achieved through a winding drum-screw-double spring composite transmission structure taking the stabilizing sleeve as the center.

Inventors

CHEN XIAO
HU SHIHAO
MA CONG
LIU SHAOHAN

Assignees

安徽理工大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260306

Claims (10)

1. An internal displacement sensing system for surrounding rock, comprising a plurality of displacement sensors, wherein the displacement sensors comprise: The anchoring module comprises deep anchoring claws and shallow anchoring claws which are used for anchoring the surrounding rock at different depths, wherein the tail ends of the deep anchoring claws and the shallow anchoring claws are connected with stay ropes, and a stable sleeve is sleeved outside the stay ropes; the displacement conversion module is arranged in two groups with the central shaft of the stable sleeve as the center and symmetrically comprises a wire rope winding drum, a first ball screw, a second ball screw, a first sliding block, a second sliding block, a sliding rod, a third sliding block, a first spring and a second spring; The optical fiber sensing assembly comprises a measuring optical fiber and an optical fiber fixing support used for fixing the measuring optical fiber; the steel wire rope winding drums are provided with two steel wire rope winding drums, the deep anchoring claw and the shallow anchoring claw are correspondingly connected with the two steel wire rope winding drums through stay wires, and the stay wires are wound on the steel wire rope winding drums; The first ball screw and the second ball screw are coaxially arranged at two sides of the steel wire rope winding drum, the end part of the first ball screw is connected with the middle part of the steel wire rope winding drum through a coupler, and the end part of the second ball screw is connected with the middle part of the steel wire rope winding drum through a key; the second sliding block and the third sliding block slide along the sliding rod, and the third sliding block is positioned between the second sliding block and the end part of the sliding rod; the second spring is sleeved on the sliding rod between the second sliding block and the third sliding block, and the first spring is sleeved on the sliding rod between the third sliding block and the end part of the sliding rod; The optical fiber fixing supports are arranged at two, the optical fiber fixing supports are arranged at the ends of the third sliding block and the sliding rod, and the measuring optical fiber is fixed between the two optical fiber fixing supports.
2. The surrounding rock internal displacement sensing system of claim 1, wherein the stiffness coefficient of the second spring is greater than the stiffness coefficient of the first spring.
3. The system for sensing the displacement of the interior of the surrounding rock according to claim 1, wherein the pull wire rope penetrates through the stabilizing sleeve, is wound on the steel wire rope reel and is arranged in the pull wire box shell, a circular groove is formed in the pull wire box shell, a coil spring is coaxially wound in the circular groove, the end part of the coil spring is embedded into a groove formed in the surface of the central rotating shaft of the steel wire rope reel, and a pull wire box cover plate is fixed on one side of the pull wire box shell through a screw.
4. The wall rock interior displacement sensing system of claim 1, wherein the fiber optic sensing assembly further comprises an armored fiber and a clamp, wherein the clamp is configured to secure the armored fiber, and wherein an end of the armored fiber is connected to an end of the measurement fiber.
5. The interior displacement sensing system of a surrounding rock of claim 4, wherein the clamp comprises a trapezoidal bottom plate, a clamp trapezoidal slider, a clamp rectangular cover plate, and a clamp trapezoidal base; The optical fiber sensor comprises a clamp trapezoidal base, an isosceles trapezoid groove, two right-angle trapezoid-shaped clamp trapezoidal sliding blocks, a clamp rectangular cover plate, a clamp trapezoidal sliding block and an optical fiber movable connector, wherein the clamp trapezoidal base is arranged on the outer side of an optical fiber sensor assembly, the clamp trapezoidal base is fixed on the clamp trapezoidal base through bolts, the isosceles trapezoid groove is formed in the clamp trapezoidal base, the two right-angle trapezoid-shaped clamp trapezoidal sliding blocks are symmetrically arranged in the isosceles trapezoid groove, the clamp rectangular cover plate is arranged on one side of the trapezoidal base through bolts, the clamp trapezoidal sliding blocks and the clamp trapezoidal base are coaxially provided with mounting holes along the mounting direction, an armored optical fiber penetrates through the mounting holes of the clamp trapezoidal sliding blocks and the clamp trapezoidal base, and the end part of the armored optical fiber is provided with the optical fiber movable connector.
6. The interior displacement sensing system of a surrounding rock of claim 1, further comprising a mechanical indicating assembly including a first indicating module disposed on the first slider and a second indicating module disposed on the second slider; The first indicating module and the second indicating module comprise cover plates with U-shaped cross sections and indicating arrows arranged on one sides of the cover plates, and the cover plates cover the outer parts of the first sliding blocks and the second sliding blocks.
7. A parameter configuration method applied to a surrounding rock internal displacement sensing system, which is applied to the surrounding rock internal displacement sensing system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: Step S1, determining a target range of a single displacement sensor in the sensing system; step S2, establishing a parameter data set at least comprising spring materials, spring wire diameters, spring pitch diameters, ball screw pitches and wire rope reel diameters; Step S3, a displacement wavelength corresponding relation model is established, wherein the displacement wavelength corresponding relation model is used for representing the mapping relation between surrounding rock displacement and the wavelength variation of the optical fiber, and parameters in the displacement wavelength corresponding relation model comprise the diameter of a steel wire rope reel, the pitch of a ball screw, the shearing modulus of a first spring and a second spring, the spring wire diameters of the first spring and the second spring, the spring pitch diameters of the first spring and the second spring, the effective number of turns of the first spring and the second spring, the Young modulus of the optical fiber, the cross section area of the optical fiber and the elastance coefficient of the optical fiber; And S4, optimizing and solving parameters in the parameter data set by taking the target measuring range and the elastic strain range of the optical fiber as constraint conditions to obtain the optimal parameter configuration of the springs in the sensing system.
8. The parameter configuration method applied to the surrounding rock internal displacement sensing system according to claim 7, wherein the displacement wavelength correspondence model is the following formula: ; Wherein, the For the variable quantity of the telescopic displacement of the stay wire rope, 、、 The wavelength drift amount of the displacement sensitive grating, the wavelength drift amount of the temperature sensitive grating and the center wavelength of the temperature sensitive grating are respectively expressed, Representing the elasto-optical coefficient of the displacement sensitive grating material, Representing the axial strain of the displacement sensitive grating, 、 Respectively represents the thermal expansion coefficients of the displacement sensitive grating and the temperature sensitive grating, 、 Respectively representing the thermo-optical coefficients of the displacement sensitive grating and the temperature sensitive grating; is the diameter of the steel wire rope reel, The circumference of the steel wire rope winding drum is the circumference of the steel wire rope winding drum; is the pitch of the ball screw; for the original length of the optical fiber gate region, Representing the shear modulus of the first spring material, Indicating the shear modulus of the second spring material, The wire diameter of the first spring is shown, The wire diameter of the second spring is shown, Indicating the median diameter of the first spring, Indicating the median diameter of the second spring, Indicating the number of effective turns of the spring of the first spring, Indicating the number of effective turns of the spring of the second spring, Representing the young's modulus of the optical fiber material, Indicating the cross-sectional area of the fiber, Indicating the elasto-optical coefficient of the fiber material.
9. The method for configuring parameters applied to an internal displacement sensing system of surrounding rock according to claim 7, wherein in the step S4, a swarm intelligence algorithm is adopted to perform the optimization solution.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the spring wire diameters in the parameter data set comprise a plurality of predetermined spring wire diameter combinations, and the spring pitch diameter comprises a plurality of predetermined spring pitch diameter combinations.

Description

Surrounding rock internal displacement sensing system and parameter configuration method thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of surrounding rock monitoring equipment, in particular to a surrounding rock internal displacement sensing system and a parameter configuration method thereof. Background In the modern coal mining process, along with the continuous increase of mining depth, the self-weight stress and the structural stress born by surrounding rock of a deep soft rock roadway are obviously enhanced, so that the surrounding rock deformation convergence speed is increased, and the mine pressure is developed severely. The monitoring and sensing of the displacement inside the surrounding rock are one of key factors for guaranteeing the safety production of mines, and particularly the relative displacement between roof separation layers and rock layers with different depths inside the surrounding rock is directly related to the prediction and prevention of disasters such as roof collapse, rock burst and the like. At present, relatively common monitoring means for displacement inside surrounding rock at home and abroad are mainly divided into three types of mechanical type, electrical measurement type and optical fiber sensing type. The mechanical displacement meter such as a roof separation layer meter has the problems of inconvenient reading, limited precision, incapability of realizing remote monitoring and the like although the structure is simple and the cost is low. Displacement sensors based on an electrical measurement method, such as a resistance type or vibrating wire type displacement meter, have the defects of poor durability, weak electromagnetic interference resistance, limited signal transmission distance and the like in practical application, and are difficult to adapt to complex environments with serious underground coal mine moisture, dust and electromagnetic interference. In recent years, fiber bragg grating sensing technology is widely focused in the field of roadway surrounding rock monitoring due to the advantages of intrinsic safety, electromagnetic interference resistance, corrosion resistance, long-distance transmission and the like. For example, patent CN202310030419.0 proposes a mine tunnel deformation monitoring device and monitoring method based on fiber bragg grating, comprising a base plate matched with the mine tunnel shape, wherein the surface of the base plate is provided with an air bag body, the surface of the air bag body is provided with a flexible fiber component, the base plate is fixedly connected with the mine tunnel so that the fiber component is attached to the surface of the mine tunnel, a cavity is arranged in the base plate, an air supply component is arranged in the base plate and is connected with the air bag body, the air supply component is used for inflating and expanding the air bag body to enable the fiber component to be attached to the surface of the mine tunnel, the base plate is used as a hard foundation for matching the mine tunnel shape, the air bag body is used as a soft foundation, the air bag body is inflated to enable the fiber component to be attached to the surface of the mine tunnel with uniform pressure, and when the mine tunnel is deformed, the attached fiber component can accurately reflect the deformation state. However, such surface monitoring approaches have difficulty sensing the delamination displacement between rock formations at different depths within the surrounding rock. Therefore, the prior art still has the following defects that simultaneous monitoring of displacement of different depths in surrounding rock is difficult to achieve, the measuring range and the sensitivity of the sensor are fixed and cannot be flexibly adjusted according to on-site geological conditions, the research and development of the sensor depend on experience trial and error, and a systematic parameter design method is lacked, so that the development period is long and the adaptability is poor. In view of the above, there is a need for a surrounding rock internal displacement sensing system and design method that can adapt to the large deformation condition of surrounding rock, can adjust the range, and support rapid customized design. Disclosure of Invention The invention solves the technical problems that the prior art is difficult to realize layered monitoring of displacement of different depths in surrounding rock, flexible adjustment of measuring range and sensitivity and rapid custom design of a sensor. In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: A surrounding rock interior displacement sensing system comprised of a plurality of displacement sensors, the displacement sensors comprising: The anchoring module comprises deep anchoring claws and shallow anchoring claws which are used for anchoring the surrounding rock at different depths, wherein the tail ends of the