CN-121977482-A - Inside and outside appearance deformation monitoring method integrating Beidou GNSS and inclinometer

CN121977482ACN 121977482 ACN121977482 ACN 121977482ACN-121977482-A

Abstract

The invention discloses an inside and outside deformation monitoring method integrating a Beidou GNSS and an inclinometer, and belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering and structural health monitoring. The method comprises the steps of arranging a monitoring system, establishing a unified space-time reference, synchronously collecting Beidou and inclinometer data, establishing an error state observation equation, utilizing Beidou orifice absolute displacement constraint, dynamically inverting and distributing the accumulated error of the inclinometer along the depth through self-adaptive Kalman filtering to obtain a corrected internal absolute displacement field, fusing the earth surface and the internal displacement data, reconstructing a continuous three-dimensional deformation field and carrying out early warning. The invention solves the problems of non-unification of space-time references of multi-source data and accumulated error of inclinometer, realizes physical assimilation of internal and external deformation fields, and remarkably improves the accuracy, continuity and reliability of deformation monitoring.

Inventors

LIU YANYAN
WANG CHENHUI
GUO WEI
JIANG JINCHENG

Assignees

深圳市智联时空科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260402

Claims (10)

1. The inside and outside appearance deformation monitoring method integrating the Beidou GNSS and the inclinometer is characterized by comprising the following steps of: S1, arranging a monitoring borehole in a structure to be monitored, mounting a fixed inclinometer sensor array along the depth in the borehole, arranging Beidou GNSS receivers at the borehole orifice, and realizing microsecond time synchronization of the Beidou GNSS receivers and each inclinometer sensor through a multi-source data synchronization acquisition terminal; S2, constructing a space coordinate system association model, performing space association on the Beidou coordinates of the drilling hole opening and the installation depth and initial posture of the inclinometer, and establishing a unified space reference; s3, synchronously acquiring Beidou GNSS original observation data and inclinometer double-shaft inclination angle data, and performing data preprocessing to obtain absolute displacement time sequences of drilling holes and relative displacement of each measuring point; S4, an error state observation equation is established, real-time constraint is carried out on an integral path of the inclinometer by using the absolute displacement of the Beidou orifice, and the integral accumulated error of the inclinometer is dynamically inverted and distributed to each depth measuring point along the depth direction by adopting the self-adaptive Kalman filtering, so that a corrected internal absolute displacement field is obtained; s5, constructing an internal and external deformation field fusion model, performing physical assimilation on the external point displacement monitored by Beidou and the internal absolute displacement field reconstructed by the inclinometer, and forming a continuous three-dimensional deformation field through earth surface deformation field interpolation, internal deformation field interpolation and boundary constraint fusion; And S6, extracting deformation indexes based on the reconstructed three-dimensional deformation field, performing deformation analysis and trend prediction, and triggering early warning according to a preset threshold value.
2. The method for monitoring the internal and external deformation of the fusion Beidou GNSS and inclinometer according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, a state vector of a self-adaptive Kalman filter is an error term of each depth measuring point, an observation vector is a difference between absolute displacement of a Beidou orifice and integral orifice displacement of the inclinometer, a state transition matrix is constructed by adopting a linear interpolation model, and errors between adjacent measuring points are assumed to be linearly distributed along the depth, so that dynamic distribution of orifice total errors to each measuring point is realized.
3. The method for monitoring the deformation of the inside and outside of the fusion Beidou GNSS and inclinometer according to claim 1, wherein the fusion model of the deformation field of the inside and outside in the step S5 specifically comprises the following steps: constructing a ground surface continuous deformation field by using absolute displacement data of all Beidou monitoring points for monitoring the drilling holes by adopting a Kriging interpolation method or a radial basis function interpolation method; constructing a three-dimensional deformation field of the inside of the stratum based on the internal absolute displacement data corrected by each drilling hole by adopting a three-dimensional spline interpolation method or a finite element shape function method; and applying boundary constraint conditions at the interface of the earth surface and the monitoring drilling hole, and forcing the internal deformation field and the earth surface deformation field to be continuous at the interface, so that the seamless connection of the internal deformation field and the external deformation field is realized.
4. The method for monitoring the internal and external deformation of the fusion Beidou GNSS and inclinometer of claim 3, wherein the kriging interpolation method adopts an anisotropic semi-variation function model, and the main axis direction of the model is set according to the main deformation direction of a structure to be monitored so as to reflect the spatial anisotropy characteristics of a deformation field.
5. The method for monitoring the internal and external deformation of the fusion Beidou GNSS and inclinometer according to claim 1 is characterized in that a high-precision real-time clock and GPS time service module is arranged in a multi-source data synchronous acquisition terminal, the sampling frequency is adjustable between 1Hz and 10Hz, and data are stored with time stamps, so that the time-space consistency of Beidou and inclinometer data is ensured.
6. The method for monitoring the internal and external deformation of the fusion Beidou GNSS and inclinometer of claim 1 is characterized by further comprising a redundant processing mode, wherein when the Beidou GNSS signals are out of lock or the positioning accuracy is lower than a preset threshold value, the system is automatically switched to an inclinometer relative deformation monitoring mode and only outputs relative displacement data, and when a sensor of the inclinometer fails or the data is abnormal, the system conducts space-time interpolation deduction based on Beidou monitoring point data and a historical deformation field model and maintains the continuity of a deformation field.
7. The method for monitoring the internal and external deformation of the fusion Beidou GNSS and inclinometer according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the step S6, deformation indexes comprise maximum displacement rate and direction, displacement depth distribution curve, shear deformation zone position identification and deformation trend prediction, a multi-stage early warning mechanism is adopted for early warning, and all-stage thresholds are dynamically updated by adopting an adaptive threshold algorithm according to historical deformation rate and seasonal change rules.
8. The method for monitoring the internal and external deformation of the fusion Beidou GNSS and inclinometer of claim 1 is characterized by further comprising the step of outputting a deformation field in a visualized mode, wherein the reconstructed three-dimensional deformation field is displayed on a monitoring platform in real time in a cloud image, a contour image, a vector image or a three-dimensional dynamic model mode, and multi-view interactive viewing is supported.
9. The method for monitoring the internal and external deformation of the fusion Beidou GNSS and inclinometer of claim 1 is characterized by further comprising differential comparison of multi-period data, wherein the three-dimensional deformation field at the current moment and the deformation field at the initial moment or any historical moment are subjected to differential operation to obtain an accumulated deformation field, and the accumulated deformation field is used for identifying a deformation concentration region and an evolution trend.
10. The method for monitoring the internal and external deformation of the fusion Beidou GNSS and inclinometer according to claim 1 is characterized by further comprising integration with a building information model or a geographic information system, wherein the reconstructed three-dimensional deformation field is superimposed into an engineering BIM model or a GIS map, and space correlation display and analysis of monitoring data and an engineering structure are achieved.

Description

Inside and outside appearance deformation monitoring method integrating Beidou GNSS and inclinometer Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering and structural health monitoring, in particular to an inside and outside deformation monitoring method integrating a Beidou GNSS and an inclinometer. Background Deformation monitoring is an important means for guaranteeing geotechnical engineering and structural safety. At present, monitoring technologies aiming at surface and internal deformation are relatively mature, but often run independently, and the problems of data fracture, poor complementarity and the like exist. In the prior art, the earth surface deformation monitoring mainly depends on a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), including a Beidou system. The GNSS technology can provide high-precision absolute three-dimensional coordinates, has the advantages of all weather, automation, no need of viewing between stations and the like, and becomes a main stream means for monitoring the surface displacement. However, GNSS monitoring can only reflect macroscopic displacement of the ground surface position where the monitoring point is located, and deep deformation information inside the rock-soil body cannot be obtained by penetrating the ground surface, so that dead zones exist for identifying deep sliding surfaces and shearing deformation zones. For internal deformation monitoring, inclinometers are currently the most widely used instruments. By installing an inclinometer pipe in a borehole, the inclination angle change at different depths is measured by using the inclinometer, and the horizontal displacement is obtained through integral calculation. The inclinometer can accurately reflect the displacement distribution rule in the stratum, and is an effective tool for identifying the position of the sliding surface. However, the conventional inclinometry monitoring technology has inherent defects that firstly, relative displacement is measured by an inclinometer, absolute space reference is lacked, long-term monitoring is easily affected by zero drift, secondly, displacement calculation adopts a mode of recursively integrating from an orifice or a hole bottom to the other end, measurement errors can be accumulated along with depth, so that the reliability of deep displacement data is reduced, thirdly, the conventional orifice displacement calibration method only corrects an orifice starting point simply, the propagation mechanism of errors along the depth is not considered, and the accumulated errors cannot be eliminated fundamentally. In recent years, some engineering attempts have been made to use GNSS in combination with inclinometers, in which GNSS antennas are simply installed in the openings of inclinometers, and the starting points of the inclinometer data are corrected by using GNSS displacements. This simple "stacked" combination presents the following technical bottlenecks: the space-time references are not uniform, namely, an independent data acquisition device is usually adopted by the GNSS and the inclinometer, the sampling frequency is not synchronous, and the time references have deviation, so that phase difference exists when data are fused, and the instantaneous deformation state cannot be truly reflected. The error model is missing, that is, most of the existing methods only carry out simple head-to-tail correction, a state space model of errors along the depth direction is not established, absolute constraints of the orifice cannot be effectively transmitted to all deep measuring points, and therefore long-term stability of inclinometry data is still insufficient. The information fusion degree is low, the earth surface displacement provided by the GNSS and the internal displacement provided by the inclinometer are not physically assimilated, a continuous and unified three-dimensional deformation field cannot be constructed, the monitoring data still show 'punctiform' or 'linear' distribution, and the three-dimensional deformation mechanism of the rock-soil body is difficult to comprehensively reveal. Therefore, a monitoring method capable of deeply fusing Beidou GNSS and inclinometer data, unifying space-time references, dynamically eliminating accumulated errors and reconstructing a three-dimensional deformation field is needed. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide an inside and outside deformation monitoring method integrating a Beidou GNSS and an inclinometer, which aims to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, the space-time reference of multisource monitoring data is not uniform, the accumulated error of the inclinometer is difficult to dynamically eliminate, an inside and outside deformation field is cracked and the like, and realize high-precision, high-reliability and omnibearing deformation monitoring. In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides an inside and outside deformation mo