CN-121977498-A - Horizontal displacement monitoring method and system based on double-distance information fusion

CN121977498ACN 121977498 ACN121977498 ACN 121977498ACN-121977498-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a horizontal displacement monitoring method and a horizontal displacement monitoring system based on double-distance information fusion, and belongs to the technical field of engineering measurement and structural deformation monitoring. The method comprises the steps of constructing a space coordinate resolving model with double distance constraint, obtaining a high-precision distance between two known datum points and a point to be detected, fusing the distance with the known elevation information in a preset range with negligible influence of an elevation error, resolving plane coordinates of the point to be detected through a plane double-circle intersection model, and optimizing geometric configuration to inhibit error amplification by strictly controlling an included angle formed by a monitoring point and the two datum points to be an optimal interval of 60-120 degrees. The invention does not need angle measurement, thus the monitoring equipment can be constructed based on the low-cost ranging module, the system cost is obviously reduced, the method operation and the data processing flow are greatly simplified, the invention is particularly suitable for the deformation monitoring project based on the existing centering observation pier, and the millimeter-level high-precision horizontal displacement measurement can be efficiently and economically realized.

Inventors

LI MINGYU
HAN RANRAN
QIAO XIAOLI
ZHANG YONG
ZHANG YUTING
WANG LUYAO
CHEN YONGJUN
DAI ZHICHENG

Assignees

交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260407

Claims (8)

1. The horizontal displacement monitoring method based on double-distance information fusion is characterized by comprising the following steps of: s1, constructing a double-distance constraint coordinate solution model based on geometric relations between two known spatial reference points A, B positioned at different observation piers and a point C to be measured; S2, acquiring the measured distance l 1 、l 2 from the spatial reference point A, B to the point C to be measured; s3, acquiring an elevation z 1 、z 2 of the spatial reference point A, B and an elevation z 3 of the point to be detected C, wherein the influence magnitude of an error of the elevation z 1 、z 2 、z 3 on a plane coordinate calculation result in a preset range is less than 0.1mm, and ignoring the elevation error; S4, fusing the measured distance l 1 、l 2 with elevation information, and calculating the plane coordinate (x 3 ,y 3 ) of the point C to be measured; s5, determining the horizontal displacement of the point C to be detected according to the plane coordinate variation of the point C to be detected at different time points; In the building model of step S1, an included angle θ formed by the point to be measured C and the spatial reference point A, B is controlled to be in a range of 60 ° to 120 °; in the step S2, a distance measuring instrument with the distance measuring precision not lower than +/-0.6mm+1 multiplied by 10 -6 D is used for measuring the distance, wherein D is the measured distance.
2. The horizontal displacement monitoring method based on double-distance information fusion according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the plane coordinates of the point to be measured C are calculated by using a two-circle intersection model in a plane, and the two-circle intersection model building method is as follows: Based on the formula And Projecting the spatial three-dimensional distance relationship to a horizontal plane, converting the spatial three-dimensional distance relationship into an intersection point coordinate of a circle with a radius R A by taking a plane projection point (x 1 ,y 1 ) of a reference point A as a center and a circle with a radius R B by taking a plane projection point (x 2 ,y 2 ) of a reference point B as a center, 、 To determine the difference in elevation between the point C to be measured and the reference point A, B, , 。
3. The horizontal displacement monitoring method based on double-distance information fusion according to claim 2, wherein the intersection point coordinates pass through a formula Or (b) Two possible solutions of plane coordinates with intersection point coordinates (x 31 ,y 31 ）、（x 32 ,y 32 ) of C are obtained, wherein the distance from point A to point B in the XY plane Distance parameter Length parameter 。
4. The horizontal displacement monitoring method based on double-distance information fusion according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the elevation z 3 of the point to be measured C is obtained by geometric leveling or real-time dynamic differential measurement technology.
5. The horizontal displacement monitoring method based on double-distance information fusion according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the distance measurement is performed on a centering observation pier or a tripod which are respectively erected on the reference points a and B.
6. The horizontal displacement monitoring method based on double-distance information fusion according to claim 1, wherein in S5, the horizontal displacement includes an X-direction displacement variation Δ X, Y, a point-location total displacement variation Δs, and a point-location total displacement variation Δy, wherein the point-location total displacement variation Δs is calculated by using euclidean distance formula.
7. The method for monitoring horizontal displacement based on double-distance information fusion according to claim 1, wherein the steps S2 to S5 are cyclically executed, and periodic monitoring is performed at a preset time frequency to form a horizontal displacement time sequence.
8. A horizontal displacement monitoring system for implementing the horizontal displacement monitoring method based on double-distance information fusion according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising: the high-precision ranging unit is used for acquiring the distance from the two datum points at the observation piers to the point to be measured; the elevation information acquisition unit is used for acquiring the elevation of the datum point and the elevation of the point to be measured; A data processing and control unit configured to: a) Judging whether the acquired elevation information error is in a negligible preset range or not; b) According to the included angle theta at 60 DEG Checking or guiding the measurement geometry according to the principle of 120 DEG range; c) Executing a coordinate resolving model of double-distance constraint, fusing distance and elevation information, and calculating plane coordinates and displacement; And the result output unit is used for outputting the monitoring result.

Description

Horizontal displacement monitoring method and system based on double-distance information fusion Technical Field The invention relates to the technical fields of engineering measurement, structural health monitoring and deformation monitoring, in particular to a horizontal displacement monitoring method and system based on double-distance information fusion. Background Under the coupling influence of the load effect and the environmental effect, the horizontal displacement parameter of the engineering structure is used as a core characterization index for structural mechanical property evolution and safety state evaluation, the engineering structure has decisive significance for guaranteeing the safety operation and maintenance of the whole life cycle of a great infrastructure, and the accuracy and instantaneity of displacement data directly influence the reliability of structural safety early warning. The Beidou satellite navigation system realizes sub-millimeter deformation monitoring through GNSS observation, but the data integrity is influenced by satellite signal stability, the fiber bragg grating sensing technology is suitable for complex geological environment by virtue of anti-electromagnetic interference characteristics, but deep displacement monitoring needs to be combined with distributed optical fibers to realize space continuous coverage, the RTK-GNSS technology solves the difficulty of dynamic displacement capture, but multipath effect still restricts precision improvement, and magnetic flux measurement breaks through the limitation of a humid environment through non-contact sensing, but the range of measurement is required to be further expanded. In addition, although the data acquisition efficiency is improved by the unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry and the three-dimensional laser scanning in the application of the mining area side slope, the point cloud processing complexity and the model precision still need to be optimized. Therefore, the total station still dominates in high-precision horizontal displacement monitoring. The displacement calculation is realized by integrating photoelectric angle measurement, distance measurement and automatic data storage functions through the total station and combining a triangulation principle. The typical method comprises a polar coordinate method and a small angle method, wherein the polar coordinate method is used for fixing a total station at a measuring station, directly measuring plane coordinates of an observation point, obtaining displacement by comparing initial coordinate variation, and the small angle method is used for calculating the displacement by measuring micro angle variation of a base line and the observation point and combining a geometric relationship. In the total station measuring system, firstly, the elevation angle and the inclined distance are calculated to obtain the flat distance, the space geometric problem is converted into the plane geometric problem, and then the plane coordinates of the point to be measured are obtained through the calculation of the horizontal angle and the flat distance. The measurement errors of elevation angle and horizontal angle have significant influence on the measurement result of horizontal displacement. The horizontal angle error directly causes azimuth positioning deviation, the influence degree of the azimuth positioning deviation is positively correlated with the measured distance, and the error can cause centimeter-level horizontal displacement deviation in a long-distance engineering measurement scene. The elevation angle error is converted into a horizontal direction error through a trigonometric function relation, and in a measuring environment with obvious terrain elevation difference, the tiny elevation angle deviation generates an additional horizontal displacement error component after geometric conversion of an inclined distance and a vertical angle. The superposition effect of the two error sources can cause the plane coordinates of the measuring points to generate offset, and especially in deformation monitoring application, the offset can confuse real displacement information and interfere trend analysis results, thereby reducing the reliability of measured data and forming potential risks for engineering construction quality control and safety evaluation decision. Along with the development of instrument and equipment manufacturing technology, the distance measurement can reach high precision, for example, the total station can reach 1mm+1× -6 D (D is the measurement distance), and the total station in the part of domestic industry can reach +/-0.6mm+1× -6 D. Therefore, the monitoring method which mainly depends on high-precision distance information and thoroughly avoids the expensive angle measuring unit and the complex error thereof is explored, and has urgent engineering demands and important economic values for reducing the monitoring cost, simplifying the operation