CN-121977707-A - Quantum enhancement type single photon OTDR method, system, equipment and medium

CN121977707ACN 121977707 ACN121977707 ACN 121977707ACN-121977707-A

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a quantum enhancement type single photon OTDR method, a system, equipment and a medium, belonging to the technical field of optical fiber sensing. The method comprises the steps of constructing an external time gating parameter set according to measured distance segmentation information, controlling a single photon detection link to execute segmentation gating in a round trip time window of each measured pulse based on the external time gating parameter set, establishing a corresponding relation based on single photon counting data and the external time gating parameter set, terminating counting accumulation of corresponding distance grids when each distance grid meets preset statistical conditions, constructing a distance grid counting sequence used for representing the optical fiber along-path scattering characteristics, sequentially executing counting normalization processing and segmentation result splicing processing based on the distance grid counting sequence, and outputting reflection event information of the whole process of the corresponding optical fiber. According to the scheme, the weak scattering information and the strong reflection structure in the whole process of the optical fiber are enabled to be distributed in a more stable and more continuous mode under the same counting frame through the cooperative processing of the sectional gating and the statistical normalization.

Inventors

ZHOU QIANG
ZHANG QI
Zheng Sigang
XIAO YAO
ZHANG DENGKE
Fan Yunru

Assignees

天府绛溪实验室

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20251223

Claims (10)

1. A quantum enhanced single photon OTDR method, the method comprising: Loading a gating configuration file based on a measurement task, acquiring corresponding measurement distance segmentation information, and constructing an external time gating parameter set according to the measurement distance segmentation information; Controlling a single photon detection link to execute segmented gating in a round trip time window of each measurement pulse based on the external time gating parameter set so as to acquire single photon counting data corresponding to each distance grid; Establishing a corresponding relation based on single photon counting data and the external time gating parameter group, and stopping counting accumulation of the corresponding distance grids when each distance grid meets a preset statistical condition, so as to establish a distance grid counting sequence for representing the optical fiber along-range scattering characteristic; and sequentially executing counting normalization processing and segmentation result splicing processing based on the distance grid counting sequence, and outputting reflection event information corresponding to the whole process of the optical fiber.
2. The quantum-enhanced single-photon OTDR method of claim 1, wherein loading the gating profile based on the measurement task, obtaining the corresponding measurement distance segmentation information, comprises: Reading gating configuration files corresponding to measurement tasks one by one when receiving the measurement tasks; and analyzing the distance segment boundary parameters, the distance segment index parameters and the gating parameter identifiers associated with each distance segment recorded in the read gating configuration file according to a preset analysis rule to obtain measurement distance segment information.
3. The quantum enhanced single photon OTDR method of claim 2, characterized by constructing an outer time gating parameter set from the measured distance segmentation information comprising: Based on distance segment boundary parameters and gating parameter identifiers corresponding to each distance segment in the measured distance segment information, reading gate delay parameters, gate width parameters and detection bias parameters which are in one-to-one correspondence with each gating parameter identifier from a parameter library; and combining the parameters according to the distance segmentation index parameters to generate external time gating parameter units corresponding to the distance segments, and assembling the time gating parameter units into external time gating parameter groups according to the distance segmentation sequence.
4. The quantum-enhanced single-photon OTDR method of claim 1 wherein controlling a single-photon detection link based on the set of external time gating parameters to perform segment gating within a round trip time window of each measurement pulse to obtain single-photon count data corresponding to each range grid comprises: opening a corresponding gating time window in the single photon detection link according to the gate delay parameter and the gate width parameter corresponding to each distance segment in the external time gating parameter group; And receiving single photon counting pulses in each gating time window, and mapping the received single photon counting pulses to corresponding distance grids according to the distance segmentation index parameters so as to update single photon counting data of each distance grid.
5. The quantum enhanced single photon OTDR method of claim 1, wherein constructing a distance grid count sequence for characterizing an optical fiber along-range scattering property based on a correspondence between single photon count data and the set of external time gating parameters and terminating count accumulation of the corresponding distance grid when each distance grid satisfies a preset statistical condition comprises: Determining a time positioning reference of single photon counting data according to gate delay parameters corresponding to each distance segment; Comparing the time positioning reference with a time window formed by corresponding door width parameters; when the generation time of the single photon counting data falls into the time window, the single photon counting data is classified into a corresponding distance grid according to the distance segmentation index parameter; Accumulating and updating single photon counting data belonging to the same distance grids, and judging the accumulated state of each distance grid according to preset statistical conditions; And stopping subsequent count accumulation of the distance grid when the preset statistical condition is met so as to form a distance grid count sequence containing all the accumulated count results of the distance grid.
6. The quantum enhanced single photon OTDR method of claim 5 wherein the step of accumulatively updating single photon count data belonging to a same distance grid and determining an accumulative state of each distance grid according to a preset statistical condition comprises: when the single photon counting data of the same distance grid is subjected to accumulated updating, a statistic for describing the counting fluctuation of the distance grid is constructed based on the accumulated counting value and the accumulated sampling times; comparing the statistic with a fluctuation convergence threshold value in a preset statistic condition; And marking the accumulated state of the distance grid as a finished state when the statistic is kept in the interval defined by the fluctuation convergence threshold value in a continuous preset number of updating periods.
7. The quantum enhanced single-photon OTDR method of claim 1, wherein performing count normalization processing and segmentation result splicing processing in sequence based on the distance grid count sequence, outputting reflection event information corresponding to the whole optical fiber, comprises: when the counting normalization processing is executed on the distance grid counting sequence, a normalization coefficient is constructed according to the detection bias parameters corresponding to each distance segment in the external time gating parameter group; Normalizing and updating the accumulated count value of each distance grid by using the normalization coefficient; After normalization updating is completed, sequentially splicing normalization counting results of adjacent distance segments according to the distance segment index parameters; And extracting the positions and the intensities of the reflection events in the spliced counting sequence according to a preset reflection recognition rule so as to generate reflection event information corresponding to the whole process of the optical fiber.
8. A quantum-enhanced single-photon OTDR system, the system comprising: The acquisition unit is used for loading a gating configuration file based on a measurement task, acquiring corresponding measurement distance segmentation information and constructing an external time gating parameter set according to the measurement distance segmentation information; The gating unit is used for controlling the single photon detection link to execute segmented gating in the round trip time window of each measurement pulse based on the external time gating parameter set so as to acquire single photon counting data corresponding to each distance grid; The processing unit is used for establishing a corresponding relation based on the single photon counting data and the external time gating parameter set, terminating counting accumulation of the corresponding distance grids when each distance grid meets the preset statistical condition, and constructing a distance grid counting sequence for representing the optical fiber along-path scattering characteristics; And the output unit is used for sequentially executing counting normalization processing and segmentation result splicing processing based on the distance grid counting sequence and outputting reflection event information corresponding to the whole process of the optical fiber.
9. An electronic device, comprising: One or more processors; Storage means having stored thereon one or more programs which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement a quantum enhanced single photon OTDR method according to any of claims 1-7.
10. A computer readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, which when run on a computer cause the computer to perform the quantum enhanced single photon OTDR method of any of claims 1-7.

Description

Quantum enhancement type single photon OTDR method, system, equipment and medium Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to a quantum enhanced single photon OTDR method, a system, equipment and a medium. Background Fiber optic lines can accumulate some number of hazards over long periods of operation, such as microbending, loose splices, or increased local reflection. The most common diagnostic means in engineering is still OTDR (Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer, optical Time domain reflectometer), which relies on back scattering to reconstruct the state of the entire length of fiber. This set of principle has been used for many years, but the actual manifestation is always somewhat awkward. Engineering personnel often say that the dynamic range of the OTDR is "never enough" and the farther they want to see, the more difficult it is to discern the tiny reflection events. The root of the problem is not complex in practice, the scattering of the optical fiber is too weak, the far-end signal is submerged in noise at one stroke, the near-end reflection is too strong, and the detection link is easily pushed to the saturated edge when sampling is carried out. The advent of single photon detection technology appears to alleviate this discrepancy, but after actual landing, new problems emerge. The counting links are very sensitive, and the strongly reflective areas tend to trigger a high counting rate at the beginning, leading to detectors entering the recovery zone, and even an unmeasurable "dead zone" at the near end. The far end is just opposite, the counting cost is rare, the superposition gating is not fine enough, and many weak events are not caught at all. The engineering also tries to try the compromise methods of fixed gating, fixed gain, increasing pulse energy, etc., but these methods often only move the problem from one interval to another, and the dynamic range and resolution are difficult to achieve at all times. In addition, the traditional OTDR generally adopts a unified integration strategy for scattering change of each distance segment, and the strong reflection area and the weak scattering area are both in the same sampling rhythm, so that the OTDR is not efficient and inflexible, and the measurement time is often prolonged. Even if data is obtained, count values with different gating widths and different time bases are difficult to directly splice together, so that normalization repair is frequently performed in a post-processing stage, and misjudgment or break points are easy to occur as a result. Therefore, under the practical application environment, a measuring method capable of adaptively adjusting the detection gating and automatically processing the counting difference in different distance intervals and expanding the dynamic range on the premise of not sacrificing the resolution is still lacking. Particularly in the scenario where long-distance optical fibers need to be covered, while near-end hidden danger and far-end weak reflection are concerned, a finer and more robust OTDR measurement mechanism is particularly urgent. Disclosure of Invention The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a quantum enhanced single photon OTDR method, a system, equipment and a medium, which at least solve the two core problems that the traditional OTDR has large dead zone at the near end and weak scattering at the far end is difficult to acquire stably. In order to achieve the above purpose, a first aspect of the present invention provides a quantum enhancement type single photon OTDR method, which includes loading a gating configuration file based on a measurement task, obtaining corresponding measurement distance segmentation information, constructing an outer time gating parameter set according to the measurement distance segmentation information, controlling a single photon detection link to perform segmentation gating in a round trip time window of each measurement pulse based on the outer time gating parameter set to obtain single photon count data corresponding to each distance grid, constructing a corresponding relation based on the single photon count data and the outer time gating parameter set, terminating count accumulation of the corresponding distance grid when each distance grid meets a preset statistical condition, constructing a distance grid count sequence for representing an optical fiber along-path scattering characteristic, sequentially performing count normalization processing and segmentation result splicing processing based on the distance grid count sequence, and outputting reflection event information corresponding to the whole optical fiber. Optionally, loading a gating configuration file based on a measurement task to obtain corresponding measurement distance segmentation information, wherein the method comprises the steps of reading the gating configuration file corresponding to the measurement task one by one