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CN-121977780-A - Adiabatic compressed air energy storage system and method for high-speed wind tunnel

CN121977780ACN 121977780 ACN121977780 ACN 121977780ACN-121977780-A

Abstract

A heat-insulating compressed air energy storage system and a heat-insulating compressed air energy storage method for a high-speed wind tunnel belong to the technical field of aviation pneumatic test equipment and energy management. The invention comprises a first-stage compressor, a second-stage compressor, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger, a fourth heat exchanger, a first-stage turboexpander, a second-stage turboexpander, a high-pressure air storage tank, a throttle valve, a cooling chamber, a water storage cooling tank, a water storage heat tank, a stop valve, a wind tunnel stabilizing section and a spray pipe section. The invention solves the problems of low energy efficiency, easy ice blockage and large thermal shock of equipment in the traditional wind tunnel air supply mode by constructing the closed heat circulation system of compression heat recovery, storage and recycling, and simultaneously adopts the intelligent control unit to accurately regulate and control the pressure and the temperature, thereby solving the problems of poor test data precision and non-optimized operation economy caused by air source fluctuation, avoiding the risk of freezing pipelines and equipment friability and greatly improving the energy utilization efficiency.

Inventors

  • QI XINXIN
  • WANG BILING
  • YUAN YE
  • ZHANG WEIJIAN
  • LI ENHAO

Assignees

  • 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳空气动力研究所

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260407

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The adiabatic compressed air energy storage system for the high-speed wind tunnel is characterized by comprising a first-stage compressor (1), a second-stage compressor (2), a first heat exchanger (5), a second heat exchanger (6), a third heat exchanger (7), a fourth heat exchanger (8), a first-stage turboexpander (3), a second-stage turboexpander (4), a high-pressure air storage tank (9), a throttle valve (10), a cooling chamber (11), a water storage cold tank (12), a water storage hot tank (13), a stop valve (14), a wind tunnel stabilizing section (15) and a spray pipe section (16); the outlet of the first-stage compressor (1) is connected with the inlet of the first heat exchanger (5), one outlet of the first heat exchanger (5) is connected with the inlet of the second-stage compressor (2), and the outlet of the second-stage compressor (2) is connected with the inlet of the second heat exchanger (6); One outlet of the second heat exchanger (6) is connected with an inlet of the third heat exchanger (7) through a high-pressure air storage tank (9) and a throttle valve (10), an outlet of the third heat exchanger (7) is connected with an inlet of the first-stage turboexpander (3), an outlet of the first-stage turboexpander (3) is connected with an inlet of the fourth heat exchanger (8), an outlet of the fourth heat exchanger (8) is connected with an inlet of the second-stage turboexpander (4), an outlet of the second-stage turboexpander (4) is connected with a wind tunnel stabilizing section (15) through a stop valve (14), and the wind tunnel stabilizing section (15) is connected with a spray pipe section (16); The water storage cooling device is characterized in that the other outlet of the first heat exchanger (5) and the other outlet of the second heat exchanger (6) are both connected with the inlet of the water storage heat tank (13), the outlet of the water storage heat tank (13) is respectively connected with the inlets of the third heat exchanger (7) and the fourth heat exchanger (8), the outlets of the third heat exchanger (7) and the fourth heat exchanger (8) are connected with the inlet of the water storage cooling tank (12) after being combined, the outlet of the water storage cooling tank (12) is connected with the inlet of the cooling chamber (11), and the outlet of the cooling chamber (11) is respectively connected with the cooling water inlets of the first heat exchanger (5) and the second heat exchanger (6).
  2. 2. An adiabatic compressed air energy storage system for a high speed wind tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the first heat exchanger (5) and the second heat exchanger (6) are bi-directional multiplexing heat exchangers, a compression heat recovery heat exchanger is used in an energy storage stage, a preheating heat exchanger is used in an energy release stage, and the third heat exchanger (7) and the fourth heat exchanger (8) are energy release heating heat exchangers.
  3. 3. The adiabatic compressed air energy storage system for a high-speed wind tunnel according to claim 2, further comprising an intelligent control unit, wherein an input end of the intelligent control unit is connected with a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and a flow sensor in a pipeline arranged between the first heat exchanger (5) and the second stage compressor (2), a pipeline arranged between the second heat exchanger (6) and the high-pressure air storage tank (9), a pipeline arranged between the high-pressure air storage tank (9) and the third heat exchanger (7), a pipeline arranged between the third heat exchanger (7) and the first stage turbine expander (3), a pipeline arranged between the first stage turbine expander (3) and the fourth heat exchanger (8), a pipeline arranged between the fourth heat exchanger (8) and the second stage turbine expander (4), and an output end of the intelligent control unit is connected with the first stage compressor (1), the second stage turbine expander (4), the second stage turbine expander (2), the second stage turbine expander (4) and a stop valve (14).
  4. 4. A heat-insulating compressed air energy storage system for a high-speed wind tunnel according to claim 3, wherein the water storage heat tank (13) is used for storing heat storage circulating water after heat absorption from the first heat exchanger (5) and the second heat exchanger (6), the water storage cold tank (12) is used for storing circulating cooling water after heat release from the third heat exchanger (7) and the fourth heat exchanger (8), and the cooling chamber (11) is used for cooling and temperature adjustment of the circulating water.
  5. 5. A heat-insulating compressed air energy storage system for a high-speed wind tunnel according to claim 4, wherein the high-pressure air storage tank (9) is one or more high-pressure air storage tank groups connected in parallel, and the first-stage turboexpander (3) and the second-stage turboexpander (4) are coaxially connected with a generator through a coupling or directly drive a wind tunnel load.
  6. 6. An adiabatic compressed air energy storage method for a high-speed wind tunnel is realized by the adiabatic compressed air energy storage system for the high-speed wind tunnel according to claim 5, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, an energy storage stage; S11, primary compression and heat storage, namely, after being filtered, ambient air enters a first-stage compressor (1) to be compressed and then enters a first heat exchanger (5), and the compression process modeling is that theoretical power consumption of a kth-stage compressor is carried out And outlet temperature Based on the polytropic process calculation: ; ; Wherein, the In order to achieve a mass flow rate, Is a gas constant which is a function of the gas, Is of polytropic index, controlled by inter-stage cooling The value approaches 1; P in,k is the inlet pressure of the kth stage compressor, P out,k is the outlet pressure of the kth stage compressor, T in,k is the inlet temperature of the kth stage compressor, k is 1 and 2, and the k is respectively corresponding to the first stage compressor (1) and the second stage compressor (2); Accurate calculation of the heat storage quantity, namely, the heat absorbed by the cooling water in the first heat exchanger (5) I.e. the recovered heat of compression: ; Wherein, the The specific heat capacity is fixed for the air, And The flow rate and the specific heat capacity of the cooling water are respectively, For the air outlet temperature after compression by the compressor, For the temperature of the air after cooling of the heat exchanger, The temperature of the inlet of the circulating cooling water of the heat exchanger, The outlet temperature of the heat storage circulating water of the heat exchanger is; S12, heat energy transfer, namely, in the first heat exchanger (5), air and cooling water from the water storage tank (12) are subjected to countercurrent heat exchange, the air is cooled to below 40 ℃, part of sensible heat carried by the air is absorbed by the cooling water, and heat storage circulating water after heat absorption is pumped into the water storage heat tank (13) for heat preservation and storage; s13, secondary compression and circulation, namely, the cooled medium-pressure air enters a secondary compressor (2), is compressed to be at a final high pressure and is warmed up again, and then enters a second heat exchanger (6) to repeat the primary compression, heat storage and heat energy transfer processes; S14, high-pressure air is guided into a high-pressure air storage tank (9) for storage through valve control to finish the storage of mechanical energy; S2, energy release stage; S21, releasing and preheating high-pressure air, namely opening an outlet valve of a high-pressure air storage tank (9) by an intelligent control unit according to a wind tunnel starting instruction, enabling normal-temperature high-pressure air to flow through a first heat exchanger (5) at first, and enabling the high-pressure air to absorb heat in the first heat exchanger (5) After the temperature rises, the expansion of the material is used for functioning Determined by the state after preheating: ; Wherein, the The isentropic efficiency of the turbine expander is the isentropic efficiency of the turbine expander, the turbine expander refers to the generic name of a first-stage turbine expander (3) and a second-stage turbine expander (4), and the inlet air temperature of the turbine expander is preheated Remarkably improves the effective output work of single circulation, The outlet temperature of the isentropic expansion of the turbine expander is; S22, heat energy feedback, namely, in the first heat exchanger (5), high-pressure air exchanges heat with a heat storage medium pumped from the water storage heat tank (13) to absorb the stored heat and raise the temperature, and the heat-released circulating cooling water returns to the water storage cooling tank (12) to ensure the temperature of the air flow supplied to the wind tunnel Stabilization, the system adjusts the flow of cooling water To control the preheating intensity, the dynamic relation is simplified as follows: ; Wherein, the For feedforward-feedback controller gain, by monitoring pressure in real time And compare the set values Closed-loop fine tuning is carried out to realize the coupling stability of pressure and temperature, The working pressure of the wind tunnel system; (-) mapping symbols for feedforward-feedback controlled functions, used to characterize the mapping of input parameters to supply air temperature, A target value of the air supply temperature of the wind tunnel is obtained; s23, performing primary expansion work, namely enabling preheated air to enter a first-stage turboexpander (3) for expansion work, reducing pressure and medium temperature, and outputting mechanical energy to drive a generator or a fan; S24, secondary heating and expansion, namely, medium-temperature and medium-pressure air discharged from the first-stage turboexpander (3) enters the second heat exchanger (6) for secondary heating, then enters the second-stage turboexpander (4) for continuous expansion work, further energy is recovered, and outlet gas parameters are finely adjusted; S25, air flow conveying, namely, air subjected to multistage expansion and temperature regulation is accurately regulated to a set value required by a wind tunnel stabilizing section, and the air is stably conveyed into the wind tunnel stabilizing section (15) and a spray pipe section (16) through an air supply pipeline.
  7. 7. The method for storing heat-insulating compressed air for a high-speed wind tunnel according to claim 6, further comprising S3. An intelligent control strategy: S31, feedforward-feedback composite control, wherein after receiving a Mach number Ma of a wind tunnel test and an operation time length T instruction, a control unit calls a built-in model to immediately calculate a required total air supply pressure curve P (T) and a total air supply temperature curve T (T); ; Wherein, the The total pressure target set value of the wind tunnel system dynamically changes along with the operation time t, The total temperature target set value of the wind tunnel system dynamically changes along with the operation time t, The method comprises the steps of marking a wind tunnel calibration model function, and calculating a total pressure and total temperature target value according to input parameters by using non-physical parameters; The method comprises the steps of monitoring the air flow pressure P and the temperature T of an outlet of a first-stage turboexpander (3) or a second-stage turboexpander (4) in real time, comparing the air flow pressure P and the temperature T with target curves P (T) and T (T), dynamically adjusting the opening of an inlet guide vane of the first-stage turboexpander (3) or the second-stage turboexpander (4) and the opening of a cooling water flow valve of a first heat exchanger (5), a second heat exchanger (6), a third heat exchanger (7) and a fourth heat exchanger (8) by a PID algorithm, and solving an optimization problem in each control period by a controller by adopting a model predictive control algorithm for tracking: ; Wherein, the For controlling variables, namely the opening degree of guide vanes of the first-stage turboexpander (3) and the second-stage turboexpander (4) and the opening degree of a cooling water regulating valve of each heat exchanger, the optimization target is to enable an actually output total pressure curve P (T) and a total temperature curve T (T) of the air supply to be attached to a target curve; S32, optimizing an operation mode of energy efficiency, namely presetting an optimization algorithm based on a thermodynamic model in a control unit, optimizing the start-stop and power of the first-stage compressor (1) and the second-stage compressor (2) according to the electricity price time period of a power grid in an energy storage stage, and optimizing the starting expander stage number according to the required total energy in an energy release stage, namely starting only the first-stage turboexpander (3) or simultaneously starting the first-stage turboexpander (3) and the second-stage turboexpander (4) and a calling strategy of the water storage hot tank (13) and the water storage cold tank (12).
  8. 8. The method for storing heat-insulating compressed air for a high-speed wind tunnel according to claim 7, further comprising S4. Key parameters: S41, compressing an energy storage side, namely adopting two-stage compression, wherein the pressure ratio of a first-stage compressor (1) is 3.5, the pressure ratio of a second-stage compressor (2) is 4.3, the total pressure ratio is 15, and the temperature after being cooled by a first heat exchanger (5) and a second heat exchanger (6) is less than or equal to 40 ℃, wherein the total capacity of a water storage heat tank (13) and a water storage cold tank (12) is designed to store all compression heat corresponding to the maximum test air consumption of a single time; S42, adopting two-stage expansion, wherein the expansion ratio of the first-stage turboexpander (3) is 3.0, the expansion ratio of the second-stage turboexpander (4) is 5.0, preheating through the third heat exchanger (7) and the fourth heat exchanger (8), and ensuring that the inlet temperatures of the first-stage turboexpander (3) and the second-stage turboexpander (4) are not lower than 120 ℃, so as to ensure that the outlet temperatures are always higher than 0 ℃; S43, performance index, system efficiency Is verified by the following theoretical advantages: ; Wherein, the For the net output work of the turbine, the turbine refers to the total output work of the first-stage turboexpander (3) and the second-stage turboexpander (4), For the total power consumption of the compressors, the compressor refers to the total power consumption of the first-stage compressor (1) and the second-stage compressor (2), Work for auxiliary machinery of the pump by optimizing the polytropic index in the formula (1) And isentropic efficiency in equation (3) And the heat storage/release flow is matched, so that the embodiment realizes the circulation efficiency of more than 72 percent, provides air sources with pressure fluctuation < +/-0.5 percent and temperature fluctuation < +/-1K for the wind tunnel, The total power consumption of the compressor, namely the total power consumption of compressed air of the first-stage compressor (1) and the second-stage compressor (2).
  9. 9. The method for storing heat by using compressed air in high-speed wind tunnel according to claim 8, wherein the heat storage medium is fused salt, ceramic or phase change material according to the temperature range, the expander performs work output, and the direct coupling drives an auxiliary compressor for supplementing air for the wind tunnel loop to form partial energy internal circulation.
  10. 10. The heat-insulating compressed air energy storage method for the high-speed wind tunnel according to claim 9, wherein the first heat exchanger (5) and the second heat exchanger (6) are used as an inter-stage cooling/heat storage device in an energy storage stage and used as an inter-stage heater in an energy release stage, heat storage circulating water after heat absorption is pumped into a water storage heat tank (13) for heat preservation and storage in a cooling water circulation process, and circulating cooling water after heat release returns to the water storage heat tank (12).

Description

Adiabatic compressed air energy storage system and method for high-speed wind tunnel Technical Field The invention relates to an adiabatic compressed air energy storage system and method for a high-speed wind tunnel, and belongs to the technical field of aviation pneumatic test equipment and energy management. Background High speed wind tunnels are key ground test equipment for developing aircraft, the operation of which relies on pre-stored high pressure air. At present, a traditional energy storage and air supply mode of a compressor and a large-scale air storage tank group is generally adopted in a continuous high-speed wind tunnel, namely air is compressed to high pressure (10-25 MPa) for storage in an intermittent period, and the air is released for use in a test. However, this mode has serious drawbacks: First, energy efficiency is extremely low. The heat energy generated in the compression process is directly discharged through cooling water, then the temperature of the gas is greatly reduced during expansion, the whole cycle energy utilization rate is very lower than 40%, and the pipeline is easily frozen at low temperature, so that additional energy consumption and heating are needed. And secondly, the equipment has poor reliability and high maintenance cost. Severe periodic temperature impact is easy to cause thermal fatigue crack of the compressor, the low temperature side threatens the safety of a pipeline valve, and the cost and the energy consumption are further increased by complex antifreezing facilities. Most importantly, the quality of the air flow is poor, and the data precision is affected. The natural decay of the reservoir pressure and the unordered heat dissipation result in fluctuations in the pressure and temperature of the supplied air stream. This instability directly causes drift in the flow field parameters (e.g., mach numbers) of the test section, severely compromising the repeatability and comparability of the test data. While attempts have been made in the industry to optimize compressor strategies, increase tank volumes, and the like, none have fundamentally changed the energy utilization pattern. The existing adiabatic compressed air energy storage (A-CAES) technology is mainly designed for large-scale and long-time energy storage of a power grid, and the aim of the technology is essentially different from the short-time, high-frequency and ultrahigh-airflow quality scenes required by wind tunnels. At present, an integrated adiabatic energy storage system which is specially subjected to deep optimization aiming at high-speed wind tunnel characteristics is not available. Therefore, there is a need to propose an adiabatic compressed air energy storage system and method for high-speed wind tunnel to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Disclosure of Invention The invention solves the problems of low energy efficiency, easy ice blockage and large thermal shock of equipment in the traditional wind tunnel air supply mode by constructing a compression heat recovery, storage and recycling closed heat circulation system, and simultaneously adopts an intelligent control unit to accurately regulate and control the pressure and the temperature, thereby solving the problems of poor test data precision and non-optimized operation economy caused by air source fluctuation. The following presents a simplified summary of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the invention. It should be understood that this summary is not an exhaustive overview of the invention. It is not intended to identify key or critical elements of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the scheme I is that the adiabatic compressed air energy storage system for the high-speed wind tunnel comprises a first-stage compressor, a second-stage compressor, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger, a fourth heat exchanger, a first-stage turboexpander, a second-stage turboexpander, a high-pressure air storage tank, a throttle valve, a cooling chamber, a water storage cooling tank, a water storage heat tank, a stop valve, a wind tunnel stabilizing section and a jet pipe section; The outlet of the first-stage compressor is connected with the inlet of the first heat exchanger, one outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of the second-stage compressor, and the outlet of the second-stage compressor is connected with the inlet of the second heat exchanger; One outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected with an inlet of a third heat exchanger through a high-pressure air storage tank and a throttle valve, the outlet of the third heat exchanger is connected with an inlet of a first-stage turboexpander, the outlet of the first-stage turboexpander is connected with an inlet of a fourth heat exchanger, the outlet of the fourth heat exchanger is connected with the inl