CN-121977884-A - Natural acquisition device and method for in-situ quantitative analysis of benthonic animal food composition in suspended substances

Abstract

The invention provides a natural acquisition device and a natural acquisition method for in-situ quantitative analysis of benthonic animal food composition in suspended substances, and relates to the technical field of benthonic biological ecological monitoring. The device comprises a streamline cavity, a built-in water flow reducing pipe and a suspended load collecting bin. The water flow reducing pipe adopts a reducing S-shaped bent pipe structure with a small pipe diameter and a large pipe diameter, the water inlet of the water flow reducing pipe is a horn mouth, and the bottom of the water flow reducing pipe is provided with a long notch along the axial direction. The device is suspended in water through a steel wire rope, water flow naturally flows into a speed reducing pipe, and after the speed is reduced step by step through an S-shaped reducing bend, suspended solids stably subside through a long slot opening and enter a collecting bin. The invention realizes in-situ layered acquisition of suspended substances in a passive and low-disturbance mode, effectively solves the problems of sample distortion and fine particle missing caused by large disturbance of water flow in the traditional device, remarkably improves the accuracy and reliability of food analysis, and is suitable for long-term ecological monitoring of different water areas.

Inventors

• SHI HAOYANG
• LI TING
• HU MAN
• Qian Shiji
• HU YU
• GONG PING
• YANG WENJUN
• GUO HUI
• LI XIANG
• CAO HUIQUN
• CHEN DUAN
• BI SHENG
• HUANG MINGHAI

Assignees

• 长江水利委员会长江科学院

Dates

Publication Date

20260505

Application Date

20260116

Claims (8)

1. 1. A natural collection device for in situ quantitative analysis of benthonic food composition in suspended matter, comprising: the cavity (1) is in a streamline shape, a small end cover (2) is arranged at the first end of the cavity (1), a large end cover (4) is arranged at the second end of the cavity, and the small end cover (2) and the large end cover (4) are hemispherical shells and are connected with the cavity (1) through threads; The water flow speed reducing pipe (5) is arranged in the cavity (1), two ends of the water flow speed reducing pipe are respectively provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the water inlet is communicated with the outside of the cavity (1) through a bell mouth structure (3) on the small end cover (2), the water outlet is communicated with the outside of the cavity (1) through an opening on the large end cover (4), the water flow speed reducing pipe (5) is formed by connecting at least two sections of pipelines with different inner diameters through bell mouth type reducer joints, and a reducing S-shaped bent pipe structure with a thin water inlet end and a thick water outlet end is formed; the suspended load collecting bin comprises a suspended load collecting bin main body (6) and a suspended load collecting bin cover plate (7) which are detachably connected, wherein the suspended load collecting bin is fixed at the bottom of the cavity (1) in a solvent bonding mode, and a collecting port of the suspended load collecting bin is opposite to a long notch at the bottom of the water flow reducing pipe (5); the natural acquisition device is connected with a shore fixing device through a steel wire rope (8).
2. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavity (1) and the suspended solids collection bin are made of acrylic material.
3. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the water flow reducing pipe (5), the inner diameter of the first section of pipe at the water inlet end is about 20mm, and the inner diameter of the second section of pipe at the water outlet end is 40mm.
4. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that said flow-reducing tubes are a plurality of, longitudinally arranged inside said cavity (1).
5. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the overall external dimensions of the device are 2500mm long, 1800mm wide and 1500mm high.
6. 6. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall thickness of the cavity (1) is 10mm.
7. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the wire rope (8) has a diameter of 8mm.
8. 8. A method for in situ quantitative analysis of benthonic food composition in suspended matter using the device of any one of claims 1-7, comprising the steps of: s1, arranging a device, namely suspending the natural acquisition device in a water area to be detected through a steel wire rope (8), leading a water inlet of the device to face water flow and leading the whole device to be immersed in the water; S2, sample collection, namely, water enters from a bell mouth-shaped water inlet (3) of the water flow reducing pipe (5), sequentially flows through S-shaped bent pipe sections with different inner diameters, and the flow speed is attenuated in a pipeline step by step; and S3, sample recovery and treatment, namely taking the device out of water, opening the suspended solid collecting bin cover plate (7), and recovering the suspended solid sample deposited in the suspended solid collecting bin cover plate.

Description

Natural acquisition device and method for in-situ quantitative analysis of benthonic animal food composition in suspended substances Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of sediment dynamics and water ecological environment monitoring, in particular to a natural acquisition device and method for in-situ quantitative analysis of benthonic animal food composition in suspended substances. Background Benthonic animals are key components of the aquatic ecosystem, and the food source composition directly reflects the core rules of material circulation and energy flow in the water body. The suspended load is a main food carrier of benthonic animals (especially filter feeding and sediment feeding groups), and the in-situ quantitative analysis of the food composition is a core technical link for analyzing zoology of benthonic animals and revealing ecological system relation. The key to realizing accurate analysis is that the suspended solid sample reflecting the natural state can be obtained, namely the particle size distribution and the organic components of the suspended solid sample directly determine the accuracy of the food analysis result. However, the prior art has the defects that firstly, most sampling devices are of straight barrel structures, effective deceleration is lacked when water flows through the sampling devices, so that fine suspended matter particles (especially fine particles with the particle size of 0.001-0.1 mm are main food sources of benthonic animals) are subjected to water wrapping and clamping force which is larger than gravity and cannot be fully settled, and samples are missed to be picked, secondly, the diameter of each part of the devices deflation is forced to decelerate, local turbulence is easily caused, natural layering of suspended matter is damaged, mixing of food source substances with different particle sizes and different components is caused, accurate matching of actual feeding hobbies of the benthonic animals is difficult, thirdly, the disturbance of the sampling process of the prior devices is large, the problem of distortion of food source components is remarkable, namely, when the conventional sampling devices are used for sampling in water, the conventional sampling devices are required to start a water pump, the local water flow disturbance is easily caused, so that particle state food sources (such as phytoplankton aggregates) in suspended matter are broken, and dissolved state nutrients are diffused, so that the acquired water-in-out water or sediment samples cannot truly reflect the food source composition in natural state. Therefore, there is a need for a structural design that can reduce disturbance, induce suspended substances to settle orderly in situ, and avoid sample distortion. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides a natural acquisition device and a natural acquisition method for in-situ quantitative analysis of benthonic animal food composition in suspended substances, which are used for solving the problems of large disturbance of the suspended substances acquisition device, food distortion and the like in the prior art. A natural collection device and a method for in-situ quantitative analysis of benthonic animal food composition in suspended substances, comprising: The cavity is in a streamline shape, a small end cover and a large end cover are respectively arranged at two ends of the cavity, and the small end cover and the large end cover are hemispherical shells and are connected with the cavity through threads; The water flow speed reducing pipe is connected by at least two sections of pipelines with different inner diameters through bell mouth type reducer joints to form a reducing S-shaped bent pipe structure with a small pipe diameter at the front and a large pipe diameter at the rear, and a long notch is arranged at the bottom of the water flow speed reducing pipe along the axial direction of the water flow speed reducing pipe; the suspended load collecting bin comprises a main body and a detachable cover plate, and is fixed at the bottom of the cavity in a solvent bonding mode, and a collecting port of the suspended load collecting bin is opposite to a long groove port at the bottom of the water flow reducing pipe; Further, the device is connected with a fixing device on the shore through a steel wire rope. Further, the cavity and the suspended solids collection bin are made of acrylic materials. Further, in the water flow reducing pipe, the inner diameter of the first section of pipeline at the water inlet end is about 20mm, and the inner diameter of the second section of pipeline at the water outlet end is about 40mm. Further, the number of the water flow decelerating pipes is about 5, and the water flow decelerating pipes are longitudinally arranged in the cavity as a whole. Further, the external dimensions of the device are about 2500mm long, 1800mm wide and 1500mm high. Further, the wall thickness of the cav