CN-121977890-A - Shallow water and high turbidity water area water-sand-sediment constant-depth negative pressure sampling device and method

CN121977890ACN 121977890 ACN121977890 ACN 121977890ACN-121977890-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water sampling equipment and discloses a device and a method for sampling water, sand and sediment in shallow water and high turbidity water areas at fixed depth and negative pressure, wherein the device comprises a telescopic rod, a sampling head and a connecting mechanism, wherein one end of the telescopic rod is arranged on a ship board railing; the negative pressure sampling mechanism is arranged on the connecting mechanism, a flexible sampling tube is arranged in the telescopic rod or outside the telescopic rod, one end of the flexible sampling tube is communicated with the negative pressure sampling mechanism, the other end of the flexible sampling tube is communicated with the sampling head, the sampling head is provided with a water inlet communicated with the other end of the flexible sampling tube, and the negative pressure sampling mechanism is used for sucking a water sample from the water inlet to the negative pressure sampling mechanism. According to the invention, the water depth is detected by the water depth sensor, the lowering depth of the sampling head is determined according to the water depth, the length of the supporting rod and the distance between the water inlet and the bottom of the shell, the water sample at the position where the target leaves the bottom can be accurately collected, the disturbance of the bottom mud is reduced, the water sample collection precision is improved, and the synchronous collection of the near-bottom water sample and the surface-layer bottom mud sample is realized.

Inventors

LIU JIE
YANG TONGXIN
XIAO YI
SHEN YING

Assignees

重庆交通大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260304

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a shallow water high turbid waters water-sand-bed mud depthkeeping negative pressure sampling device which characterized in that includes: one end of the telescopic rod (11) is arranged on a ship board railing or a shore structure through the connecting mechanism (8), and the other end of the telescopic rod is connected with the sampling head (1); The device comprises a connecting mechanism (8), a negative pressure sampling mechanism (3), a flexible sampling tube (2), a sampling head (1) and a water inlet, wherein the connecting mechanism (8) is arranged on the negative pressure sampling mechanism, the flexible sampling tube (2) is arranged in the telescopic rod (11) or outside the telescopic rod (11), one end of the flexible sampling tube (2) is communicated with the negative pressure sampling mechanism, the other end of the flexible sampling tube is communicated with the sampling head (1), the sampling head (1) is provided with the water inlet communicated with the other end of the flexible sampling tube (2), and the negative pressure sampling mechanism (3) is used for sucking a water sample from the water inlet into the negative pressure sampling mechanism (3); the depth detection mechanism (4) is arranged on the sampling head (1) and is used for detecting the water depth.
2. The shallow water and high turbidity water area water-sand-sediment constant depth negative pressure sampling device according to claim 1, wherein the sampling head (1) comprises: The device comprises a shell, wherein a water inlet cavity is defined in the shell, a water inlet communicated with the water inlet cavity is formed in the shell in a penetrating mode through the inner surface and the outer surface, the other end of a flexible sampling tube (2) stretches into the water inlet cavity from the top of the shell, the flexible sampling tube (2) is connected with the top of the shell through a connector, and a depth detection mechanism (4) is arranged on the outer side face of the shell.
3. The shallow water and high turbidity water area water-sand-sediment constant-depth negative pressure sampling device according to claim 2, further comprising: turbidity detector (7) set up in the lateral surface of casing and with the interval arrangement of degree of depth detection mechanism (4).
4. A shallow water and high turbidity water area water-sand-sediment constant depth negative pressure sampling device according to claim 3, characterized in that the negative pressure sampling mechanism (3) comprises: the collection containers are respectively communicated with one end of the flexible sampling tube (2) through the valve body (32); A vacuum pump (10) with a plurality of collection containers in communication with a vacuum manifold (33), the vacuum manifold (33) in communication with the vacuum pump (10).
5. The shallow water and high turbidity water area water-sand-sediment constant-depth negative pressure sampling device according to claim 4, further comprising: the control unit (6), the control unit (6) is connected with telescopic link (11), degree of depth detection mechanism (4), turbidity detector (7), vacuum pump (10) and valve body (32) electricity respectively.
6. The shallow water and high turbidity water area water-sand-sediment constant-depth negative pressure sampling device according to claim 5, further comprising: And a plurality of support rods (5) uniformly arranged at the bottom of the shell.
7. The shallow water and high turbidity water area water-sand-sediment constant-depth negative pressure sampling device according to claim 6, further comprising: The bottom mud sampling tube (9) is detachably arranged at the bottom of the shell, the bottom mud sampling tube (9) is provided with a lower opening, an annular cutting edge is arranged at the outer edge of the lower opening, an elastic baffle is arranged on the inner side wall of the bottom mud sampling tube (9) close to the lower opening, when the collecting tube moves downwards, the bottom mud sampling tube (9) can be inserted into water bottom mud, a bottom mud sample pushes the elastic baffle to enter the bottom mud sampling tube (9), and after the bottom mud sample enters the bottom mud sampling tube (9), the elastic baffle can close the lower opening and support the bottom mud sample.
8. The shallow water and high turbidity water area water-sand-sediment constant-depth negative pressure sampling device according to claim 7, wherein the connecting mechanism (8) is a fixed clamp, the fixed clamp is composed of a bottom plate and a side plate, the negative pressure acquisition mechanism is arranged on the bottom plate, one end of the telescopic rod (11) is arranged on the lower surface of the bottom plate, and the side plate is fixed on a ship board railing or a shore structure through bolts.
9. The shallow water and high turbidity water area water-sand-sediment constant-depth negative pressure sampling device according to claim 7, wherein the depth detection mechanism (4) is a pressure type water depth sensor or an ultrasonic type water depth sensor.
10. A shallow water and high turbidity water area water-sand-sediment constant-depth negative pressure sampling method, which is characterized by applying the shallow water and high turbidity water area water-sand-sediment constant-depth negative pressure sampling device according to any one of claims 7-9, comprising the following steps: The method comprises the steps of S1, lowering a sampling head (1) to the position below the water surface through a telescopic rod (11), detecting the water depth through a depth detection mechanism (4), and determining the lowering depth of the sampling head (1) according to the water depth, the length of a supporting rod (5) and the distance between a water inlet and the bottom of a shell, wherein the sampling head (1) is continuously lowered through the telescopic rod (11) until the lowering depth of the sampling head (1) is reached, the bottom of the supporting rod (5) reaches the water bottom at the moment, and the water inlet is positioned at a target off-bottom position; s2, starting a vacuum pump (10) and a valve body (32), sucking a water sample at a target off-bottom position into a sampling container (31), detecting a turbidity value through a turbidity detector (7) in the sampling process, and closing the vacuum pump (10) and the valve body (32) after the sampling is finished; S3, if water samples with different water depths are required to be collected, respectively moving the sampling heads (1) to different water depths through the telescopic rods (11), and respectively sucking the water samples with different water depths into different sampling containers (31); S4, moving down the sampling head (1) through the telescopic rod (11), pushing the supporting rod (5) and the sediment sampling cylinder (9) to be jointly inserted into the sediment, pushing the elastic baffle to enter the sediment sampling cylinder (9) by the sediment sample, and closing the lower opening by the elastic baffle and supporting the sediment sample after the sediment sample enters the sediment sampling cylinder (9); s5, moving the sampling head (1) out of the water surface through the telescopic rod (11), and recycling the sediment sampling cylinder (9) and the sampling container (31).

Description

Shallow water and high turbidity water area water-sand-sediment constant-depth negative pressure sampling device and method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of water sampling equipment, in particular to a shallow water high turbidity water domain water-sand-bottom mud constant-depth negative pressure sampling device and method. Background In the engineering of canal dredging, port dredging, urban river dredging, ecological restoration of near-shore wetland and the like, the peripheral water body of an operation area generally has the characteristics of small water depth, high sand content and strong space-time variation, a near-bottom high-turbidity suspended sand layer with the thickness of several centimeters to tens of centimeters is often formed near a dredging suction head or a bucket, and the water quality, transparency and sensitive ecological system of an overlying water body are obviously influenced. Similar problems of substrate sludge re-suspension exist in shallow water and high turbidity water areas such as a sewage outlet downstream, a inland black and odorous water body remediation area, a hydro-fluctuation belt flooding area and the like. In order to realize ecological dredging and water environment fine management, near-bottom water samples with different off-bottom heights and corresponding surface layer bottom mud samples are required to be obtained in engineering practice and are used for analyzing the relation between suspended sediment concentration, particle size, water quality index and bottom bed composition. The near-bottom water sample and the bottom mud sample are collected through a layered sampler, and the layered sampler has the following technical defects in practical application: 1. Before sampling, the sampling depth is estimated by depending on the length of a steel cable or rod scales, the bottom-off height is difficult to accurately control, and bottom sediment is easy to touch and disturb. 2. The water sample and the sediment sample are usually collected by different devices respectively, so that the near-bottom water sample and the surface sediment sample are difficult to obtain synchronously, and the operation flow is cracked. In view of this, it is a need for a person skilled in the art to solve the above-mentioned problems, in part or in whole, to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a device and a method for sampling water, sand and sediment in a shallow water and high turbidity water area at a fixed depth under negative pressure so as to solve the problems in the prior art. In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a shallow water and high turbidity water area water-sand-bottom mud constant-depth negative pressure sampling device, comprising: One end of the telescopic rod is arranged on a ship board railing or a shore structure through a connecting mechanism, and the other end of the telescopic rod is connected with the sampling head; The flexible sampling pipe is arranged in the telescopic rod or outside the telescopic rod, one end of the flexible sampling pipe is communicated with the negative pressure acquisition mechanism, the other end of the flexible sampling pipe is communicated with the sampling head, the sampling head is provided with a water inlet communicated with the other end of the flexible sampling pipe, and the negative pressure sampling mechanism is used for sucking a water sample from the water inlet into the negative pressure sampling mechanism; the depth detection mechanism is arranged on the sampling head and used for detecting the water depth. Further, the sampling head includes: the device comprises a shell, a depth detection mechanism, a flexible sampling tube, a connector and a depth detection mechanism, wherein a water inlet cavity is defined in the shell, a water inlet communicated with the water inlet cavity is formed in the shell in a penetrating mode through the inner surface and the outer surface of the shell, the other end of the flexible sampling tube stretches into the water inlet cavity from the top of the shell, the flexible sampling tube is connected with the top of the shell through the connector, and the depth detection mechanism is arranged on the outer side face of the shell. Further, the method further comprises the following steps: the turbidity detector is arranged on the outer side surface of the shell and is arranged at intervals with the depth detection mechanism. Further, the negative pressure sampling mechanism includes: the plurality of collecting containers are respectively communicated with one end of the flexible sampling tube through the valve body; and the vacuum pump is communicated with the plurality of collecting containers and the vacuum main pipe, and the vacuum main pipe is communicated with the vacuum pump. Further, the method further comprises the following steps: And the control unit is electricall