CN-121977903-A - Constant-temperature culture and sampling device for monitoring long-term greenhouse gas emission of sustained and controlled release fertilizer

CN121977903ACN 121977903 ACN121977903 ACN 121977903ACN-121977903-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a constant-temperature culture and sampling device for monitoring long-term greenhouse gas emission of a slow-release fertilizer, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural environment monitoring. The invention comprises a constant temperature incubator body, a plurality of layers of culture units, a gas sampling system and a constant temperature control system which are arranged in the constant temperature incubator body, wherein the sealed heat insulation constant temperature incubator body is matched with the plurality of layers of culture units which are independently and vertically arranged, the environment sensor group and the multi-type functional interface are combined to construct a stable and controllable simulated field environment, the plurality of layers of units realize a plurality of groups of parallel tests, the constant temperature control system realizes accurate temperature control, the gas sampling system adopts the multiport gating electromagnetic valve to realize multipath automatic switching, realizes long-term, continuous and stable monitoring of the greenhouse gas release process of the slow-release fertilizer under the condition close to nature, has real environment simulation, accurate temperature control and convenient and reliable sampling, remarkably improves the accuracy and comparability of monitoring data, and provides an effective tool for evaluating the environmental effect of the slow-release fertilizer.

Inventors

LIU XUEJUN
SHEN SHUWEI
WU LE
ZHU LIYONG
NING PENG
WANG JIE

Assignees

中国农业大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260210

Claims (10)

1. The constant temperature culture and sampling device for monitoring the long-term greenhouse gas emission of the sustained and controlled release fertilizer is characterized by comprising a constant temperature culture box body, a multi-layer culture unit, a gas sampling system and a constant temperature control system, wherein the multi-layer culture unit, the gas sampling system and the constant temperature control system are arranged in the constant temperature culture box body; The constant temperature incubator body is arranged in a sealed and heat-insulating way, and forms an adjustable internal environment cabin; The multi-layer culture units are independently arranged in multiple layers, are arranged in parallel in the vertical direction in the inner space of the constant-temperature culture box body, and are used for containing test samples formed by mixing or layering soil and to-be-tested controlled-release fertilizers so as to simulate a field soil fertilizer system; The constant temperature control system is integrated in the constant temperature incubator and is used for heating, refrigerating and circularly adjusting the internal environment of the constant temperature incubator, stably maintaining the target temperature value set by the constant temperature incubator, and enabling all the culture units to be under the consistent and constant temperature condition; The gas sampling system is used for being respectively connected with each layer of culture units in a sealing way through independent gas transmission pipelines, collecting greenhouse gases released by decomposing fertilizers in each culture unit in the culture process, and directionally conveying collected gas samples to an external gas component analysis instrument.
2. The constant temperature culture and sampling device for monitoring the emission of greenhouse gases for a long term of a sustained and controlled release fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein each culture unit is provided with a openable and closable sealing cover plate, the sealing cover plate forms an airtight space with the culture unit body when closed, and the airtight space is briefly communicated with the gas sampling system only when sampling through a gas sampling interface; The constant temperature incubator body is also provided with an environment sensor group for monitoring internal environment parameters and a functional interface for accessing external control or data recording equipment.
3. The constant temperature culture and sampling device for monitoring the emission of the greenhouse gases for the long term of the sustained and controlled release fertilizer according to claim 2 is characterized in that the environment sensor group at least comprises a humidity sensor and an illuminance sensor, a group of independently controllable LED plant growth lamps are optionally arranged on the inner wall of the top of the constant temperature culture box body and used for simulating a specific light period, and the functional interface comprises an RS-232, a USB or Ethernet port and a standby power interface, wherein the RS-232, the USB or the Ethernet port is used for being connected with an external computer.
4. The constant temperature culture and sampling device for monitoring the emission of the greenhouse gases for the long term of the sustained and controlled release fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the constant temperature culture box body is of a double-layer shell structure, the double-layer shell structure comprises an inner container and an outer wall, a heat preservation and insulation material is filled between the inner container and the outer wall, and the heat preservation and insulation material is one of polyurethane foaming or glass wool materials; the front of the constant temperature incubator body is provided with an observation window formed by double-layer hollow glass, and the back of the constant temperature incubator body is provided with a sealing perforated plate for laying pipelines and installing sensors.
5. The constant temperature culture and sampling device for monitoring the emission of the greenhouse gases for the long term of the sustained and controlled release fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the multi-layer culture unit is arranged in the inner container of the constant temperature incubator body through a drawable guide rail bracket; Each layer of culture unit is specifically a rectangular culture plate with an open top, a corrosion-resistant metal screen mesh which is permeable but impermeable to water is laid at the bottom of the culture plate, an annular sealing groove is arranged at the upper part of the side wall of the culture plate, and a silicone rubber sealing strip matched with the annular sealing groove is embedded on the lower surface of a sealing cover plate which can be opened and closed; Each side wall of the culture unit is fixedly provided with a gas sampling interface, the inner side of the gas sampling interface is communicated with the internal cavity of the culture unit, the outer side of the gas sampling interface is connected with one end of a flexible gas sampling hose through a quick self-closing valve, and the other end of the gas sampling hose is connected with the gas sampling system in a summarizing way.
6. The constant temperature culture and sampling device for monitoring the emission of long-term greenhouse gases of a sustained and controlled release fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the constant temperature control system comprises: The temperature sensing module is configured to be composed of high-precision digital temperature sensors, and the temperature sensors are uniformly distributed in different space positions of the inner container of the constant temperature incubator and the internal soil layer of at least one representative incubator unit and are used for collecting real-time temperature data of the constant temperature incubator; The temperature regulation execution module is configured to be composed of a Peltier semiconductor heating and refrigerating assembly, an auxiliary heating wire and an aluminum radiating fin for enhancing heat exchange efficiency, wherein the Peltier semiconductor heating and refrigerating assembly is arranged at the back of the box body liner; the air circulation module is configured to be composed of a brushless direct current centrifugal fan and a flow equalizing air duct, the flow equalizing air duct extends along the side wall of the inner container of the box body and is provided with a plurality of groups of air outlets, and the flow equalizing air duct is used for uniformly blowing the temperature-regulated air to the periphery of each layer of culture units; and the intelligent control module is used for receiving the real-time temperature data fed back by the temperature sensing module, calculating and outputting control signals to the temperature regulation execution module and the air circulation module through a PID control algorithm, and dynamically regulating the temperature in the box.
7. The constant temperature culture and sampling device for monitoring the emission of long-term greenhouse gases of a sustained and controlled release fertilizer according to claim 6, wherein the intelligent control module dynamically adjusts the temperature in a box, and the device specifically comprises: the environmental temperature of the top, middle and bottom three space positions of the liner and the matrix temperature of the middle layer of the soil of 2 representative culture units are synchronously collected every 100ms to form 5 paths of temperature raw data, and the environmental average temperature is calculated Average temperature with the matrix ; Based on a preset soil-air temperature compensation coefficient K, passing through a calibrated reference temperature Calibrated reference temperature Calculated by the following formula: ; Loading default PID parameter set, and according to target temperature With calibrated reference temperature Is used for adaptively optimizing PID parameters: When the temperature is |delta T| >5 ℃, a rapid heating or cooling mode is started, the proportional coefficient P is automatically increased by 30%, the integral coefficient I is reduced by 40%, and the temperature response speed is accelerated; When the temperature is less than or equal to 2 ℃ and less than or equal to 5 ℃, switching to a transition regulation mode, and recovering default PID parameters; When the delta T is less than 2 ℃, starting a fine tuning mode, reducing the proportional coefficient P by 20%, increasing the integral coefficient I by 50%, and reducing the temperature overshoot; self-tuning the PID parameter through a deviation square integration algorithm every 30 minutes, and dynamically correcting P, I, D values according to the overshoot and response time of the nearly 10 adjustment periods; According to 、 And determining the adjustment condition by delta T and executing temperature grading adjustment control: When (when) < When the temperature is less than or equal to 3 ℃, the Peltier semiconductor heating component is judged to be under the heating working condition, the Peltier semiconductor heating component is preferentially started, and the output power is graded according to the delta T, wherein the output power is 100 percent when the delta T is more than or equal to 3 ℃, 60% -80% when the delta T is less than or equal to 3 ℃, and 30% -50% when the delta T is less than 1 ℃, and the auxiliary heating wire is synchronously started when the delta T is more than 8 ℃; When (when) > When the temperature is lower than 3 ℃, judging a refrigeration working condition, starting the Peltier semiconductor refrigeration assembly, wherein the refrigeration power is 100% when the temperature is higher than 3 ℃, and the temperature is lower than 3 ℃ and is adjusted according to a gradient of 50% -80%, and simultaneously controlling the rotation speed of a cooling fan of an aluminum cooling fin to synchronously change along with the refrigeration power; when the temperature is equal to delta T <0.3 ℃, the critical heat preservation working condition is judged, the Peltier component and the auxiliary heating wire are closed, the temperature uniformity is maintained only through the air circulation module, and the microwave motion compensation is carried out by utilizing the box heat preservation structure.
8. The constant temperature culture and sampling device for monitoring the emission of the greenhouse gases for the long term of the sustained and controlled release fertilizer according to claim 6, wherein the intelligent control module is also connected with a remote terminal which is remotely communicated through an internet of things module; And setting and modifying a target temperature value, constant temperature duration time and a temperature change program curve through the remote terminal, and checking the multi-point temperature historical data and the running state of equipment in the constant temperature incubator in real time.
9. The constant temperature culture and sampling device for monitoring the emission of greenhouse gases for a long term of a sustained and controlled release fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the gas sampling system comprises: The multi-channel gas sampling subsystem is configured to be respectively connected with the gas transmission pipeline through each gas inlet port of the multi-port gating electromagnetic valve, the multi-port gating electromagnetic valve is connected to the gas sampling interface of each corresponding culture unit through the gas transmission pipeline, and the common gas outlet port of the multi-port gating electromagnetic valve is connected to the gas sample collecting subsystem; The negative pressure generation and flow control subsystem is configured to be composed of a miniature diaphragm vacuum pump and a mass flow controller connected in series in the airflow pipeline and is used for generating negative pressure and controlling the flow rate of gas passing through the culture unit and the gas transmission pipeline during sampling; a gas sample collection subsystem configured to be comprised of a replaceable inert material gas bag for collecting a gas sample taken over a specified period of time; The system control subsystem is configured to be electrically connected with the multiport gating electromagnetic valve, the miniature diaphragm vacuum pump and the mass flow controller, and is used for automatically controlling to start a designated sampling pipeline, starting air suction, controlling the sampling duration and flow according to a preset time program and automatically closing after the sampling is finished.
10. The constant temperature culture and sampling device for monitoring the emission of greenhouse gases for a long term by a slow release fertilizer according to claim 9, wherein the gas sampling system further comprises a gas pretreatment unit, and the gas pretreatment unit is arranged between a common air outlet port of the multi-port gating electromagnetic valve and the gas sample collection subsystem; The gas pretreatment unit is configured to be composed of a drying pipe, a particle filter and an online monitoring probe, wherein the drying pipe is filled with a molecular sieve, the particle filter is filled with a polytetrafluoroethylene filter membrane, and the drying pipe and the particle filter are used for removing water vapor and solid particles in the gas before the gas enters the collecting container; The on-line monitoring probe is configured to be installed in the gas path after the drying pipe and the particulate filter and used for monitoring and recording the concentration of carbon dioxide and methane flowing through the gas in real time.

Description

Constant-temperature culture and sampling device for monitoring long-term greenhouse gas emission of sustained and controlled release fertilizer Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural environment monitoring, in particular to a constant-temperature culture and sampling device for monitoring the emission of greenhouse gases for a long time of a sustained and controlled release fertilizer. Background Currently, the greenhouse gas emission monitoring of the sustained and controlled release fertilizer is dependent on field tests or traditional culture devices. The conventional culture device has the common problems of low temperature control precision and uneven temperature field distribution, and is difficult to simulate stable field soil temperature environment, so that the fertilizer decomposition process and the greenhouse gas emission rule deviate from the actual conditions. Meanwhile, the existing sampling device is mostly designed in a single channel, synchronous and interference-free sampling of multiple groups of samples cannot be realized, gas leakage and cross contamination are easy to occur in the sampling process, and the accuracy of subsequent component analysis can be affected due to insufficient sample pretreatment. In addition, the traditional device lacks intelligent remote control and fault early warning function, is difficult to meet the requirement of long-term and continuous monitoring, and restricts the depth and precision of the research on the environmental effect of the slow-release fertilizer. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a constant-temperature culture and sampling device for monitoring the long-term greenhouse gas emission of a sustained and controlled release fertilizer, so as to solve the problems in the background technology. The constant temperature culture and sampling device for monitoring the long-term greenhouse gas emission of the sustained and controlled release fertilizer comprises a constant temperature culture box body, a multi-layer culture unit arranged in the constant temperature culture box body, a gas sampling system and a constant temperature control system; The constant temperature incubator body is arranged in a sealed and heat-insulating way, and forms an adjustable internal environment cabin; The multi-layer culture units are independently arranged in multiple layers, are arranged in parallel in the vertical direction in the inner space of the constant-temperature culture box body, and are used for containing test samples formed by mixing or layering soil and to-be-tested controlled-release fertilizers so as to simulate a field soil fertilizer system; The constant temperature control system is integrated in the constant temperature incubator and is used for heating, refrigerating and circularly adjusting the internal environment of the constant temperature incubator, stably maintaining the target temperature value set by the constant temperature incubator, and enabling all the culture units to be under the consistent and constant temperature condition; The gas sampling system is used for being respectively connected with each layer of culture units in a sealing way through independent gas transmission pipelines, collecting greenhouse gases released by decomposing fertilizers in each culture unit in the culture process, and directionally conveying collected gas samples to an external gas component analysis instrument. Further, each culture unit is provided with an openable sealing cover plate, when the sealing cover plates are closed, an airtight space is formed between the sealing cover plates and the culture unit body, and the airtight space is briefly communicated with the gas sampling system only through a gas sampling interface when sampling; The constant temperature incubator body is also provided with an environment sensor group for monitoring internal environment parameters and a functional interface for accessing external control or data recording equipment. Further, the environment sensor group at least comprises a humidity sensor and an illuminance sensor, a group of independently controllable LED plant growth lamps are optionally arranged on the inner wall of the top of the constant temperature incubator body and used for simulating a specific light period, and the functional interface comprises an RS-232 port, a USB port or an Ethernet port and is used for being connected with an external computer, and a standby power interface. Further, the constant temperature incubator body is of a double-layer shell structure, the double-layer shell structure comprises an inner container and an outer wall, a heat preservation and insulation material is filled between the inner container and the outer wall, and the heat preservation and insulation material is one of polyurethane foaming or glass wool materials; the front of the constant temperature incubator body is provided with an observation window