CN-121977946-A - Characterization and evaluation method for structural damage of composite material under ice breaking load

CN121977946ACN 121977946 ACN121977946 ACN 121977946ACN-121977946-A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for representing and evaluating structural damage of a composite material under an ice breaking load, and belongs to the technical field of ships and ocean engineering equipment. The method comprises the steps of preparing a composite material sample, preparing an ice model, performing a collision test, multi-dimensional damage characterization and damage evaluation. The composite sample includes a composite laminate and a composite sandwich beam. And carrying out macroscopic, internal and microscopic damage characterization on the composite material laminated plate, and carrying out macroscopic and microscopic internal damage characterization on the composite material sandwich beam. And according to the multi-scale characterization results under the collision of different energies, completing the comprehensive evaluation of the multi-scale damage of the composite material structure. Aiming at the preparation of the multi-focus composite material and the short plates of the composite material structural damage characterization and evaluation act under the lack of ice breaking load in the prior art, a composite material laminated plate and sandwich beam damage characterization system suitable for equipment such as polar craft, ice breaker and the like is constructed, special coverage of damage characterization and evaluation under the ice layer collision scene is realized, and the engineering actual requirements are met.

Inventors

YANG DAI
YANG WENSHAN
WEI JIANHUI
FU XIN
TANG MIN
WANG WENQUN
ZHAO FEI
GAO JINCHENG

Assignees

中国船舶集团有限公司第七一九研究所

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260211

Claims (10)

1. The method for characterizing and evaluating the structural damage of the composite material under the ice breaking load is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, preparing a composite material sample, wherein the composite material sample comprises a composite material laminated plate and a composite material sandwich beam; S2, preparing an ice model, wherein the ice model is a flat ice model; s3, performing a collision test, namely striking the composite material sample prepared in the step S1 against the ice body model prepared in the step S2 with different energies; S4, multi-dimensional damage characterization, namely performing damage characterization on the composite material sample subjected to the S3 collision test, performing macroscopic, internal and microscopic damage characterization on the composite material laminated plate, performing macroscopic and internal damage characterization on the composite material sandwich beam, wherein the macroscopic damage characterization is shot by a CCD camera, the internal damage characterization is detected by ultrasonic C-scanning, and the microscopic damage characterization is detected by a scanning electron microscope; S5, damage evaluation, namely analyzing the damage morphology consistency, damage concentration area and failure mode of the composite material sample by combining the multi-dimensional damage characterization result obtained in the S4, establishing the corresponding relation between the collision energy and the damage degree and failure mode of the composite material, and completing the comprehensive evaluation of the multi-dimensional damage of the composite material structure according to the multi-dimensional characterization result under the collision of different energies.
2. The method for characterizing and evaluating structural damage of composite material under ice breaking load according to claim 1, wherein the composite material sample prepared in step S1 is subjected to nondestructive testing.
3. The method for characterizing and evaluating structural damage to a composite material under an ice breaking load according to claim 2, wherein the damage characterization of the composite material laminated plate in S4 is specifically: S41a, shooting the surface of the collided composite material laminated plate by using a CCD camera to obtain a macroscopic damage morphology; S42a, performing ultrasonic C-scanning detection on the composite material laminated plate after collision to obtain a macroscopic damage state; S43a, selecting a local area containing damage characteristics according to the ultrasonic C-scanning result of S42a, and preparing a scanning electron microscope observation sample; and S44a, performing microscopic morphology characterization and analysis on the observation sample prepared in the step S43a by using a scanning electron microscope.
4. The method for characterizing and evaluating structural damage of composite material under ice breaking load according to claim 3, wherein the preparation of the observation sample by scanning electron microscope in S43a comprises sampling from the damage characteristic region of the composite material laminated plate, and polishing, ultrasonic cleaning and metal spraying sequentially.
5. The method for characterizing and evaluating structural damage of a composite material under an ice breaking load according to claim 2, wherein the characterizing of damage of the composite material sandwich beam in S4 is specifically as follows: S41b, shooting the collided composite sandwich beam from the collision surface, the side surface and the clamp connection boundary by using a CCD camera to obtain a macroscopic damage morphology; S42b, ultrasonic C scanning detection is carried out on the overlook surface and the main view surface of the composite material sandwich beam after collision, and the layered damage state of the composite material sandwich beam panel and the damage state of the inside of the composite material sandwich beam are obtained.
6. The method for characterizing and evaluating structural damage of composite material under ice breaking load according to claim 5, wherein said damage evaluation further comprises combining macroscopic damage image photographed by CCD with internal detection result of ultrasonic C-scan, establishing a corresponding relation between composite material sandwich beam panel and core material damage, and confirming origin and propagation path of damage.
7. The method for characterizing and evaluating structural damage of composite material under ice breaking load according to claim 3 or 5, wherein natural light or uniform light source is adopted when shooting by using CCD camera, and size of damaged area can be marked by matching with ruler.
8. The method for characterizing and evaluating structural damage to a composite material under an ice breaking load according to claim 1, wherein said failure modes in S5 include delamination, matrix cracking and core compression.
9. The method for characterizing and evaluating structural damage of composite material under ice breaking load according to claim 1, wherein the composite material laminated plate in S1 is prepared by a vacuum infusion molding process, and the composite material sandwich beam is prepared by compounding a composite material panel and a core material.
10. The method for characterizing and evaluating structural damage of a composite material under an ice breaking load according to claim 1, wherein the flat ice model in S2 is prepared by freezing sea water at a low temperature for at least 3 days, and the freezing temperature of the flat ice model after being stabilized is maintained at-40 ℃.

Description

Characterization and evaluation method for structural damage of composite material under ice breaking load Technical Field The invention relates to a method for representing and evaluating structural damage of a composite material, in particular to a method for representing and evaluating structural damage of a composite material under an icebreaking load, and belongs to the technical field of ships and ocean engineering equipment. Background With the rapid development of polar exploration and polar shipping industry, the structural safety of ice-breaker, polar craft and other equipment is becoming more important. The composite material is a typical multiphase system and is formed by compounding a resin matrix and a fiber reinforcement, and has the characteristics of light weight, high specific strength, corrosion resistance, excellent fatigue resistance and the like. By virtue of the excellent mechanical properties and designability advantages, the composite material is widely applied to the fields of polar underwater vehicles, polar ships and the like. However, the composite material structure has higher sensitivity to impact load, is extremely easy to generate layering damage under the action of low-energy impact load, and can generate multiple failure modes such as matrix damage, layering damage and the like under the action of high-energy impact load. Therefore, the composite material can be damaged when the polar underwater vehicle floats upwards or collides with an ice layer in the ice breaking process of the polar icebreaker, and structural damage with different degrees can occur under the action of different impact energies. The structural integrity and the operation safety of the equipment are seriously affected, so that the damage characterization and evaluation of the composite material structure become key links for guaranteeing the reliable service of the polar equipment. The preparation and application of the multi-focus anti-icing-collision composite material in the prior art are relatively lack of characterization and evaluation methods for structural damage of the composite material after equipment such as polar craft, icebreaker and the like collides with an ice layer, the requirements for damage characterization and evaluation in actual engineering cannot be met, the composite material can generate multiple failure modes such as layering, matrix cracking, core material compression (fracture) and the like under the action of ice breaking load, a single detection means is difficult to comprehensively capture, a multi-dimensional synergistic characterization system is required to be established to solve the comprehensive identification problem of the multi-damage mode, and an evaluation method for matching parameters such as collision energy and the like with the damage degree and the failure mode of the composite material is lack, so that data support cannot be provided for structural design optimization and security evaluation. The damage detection is omitted, the accuracy is insufficient, the damage state of the composite material structure cannot be scientifically evaluated through test data, and the actual engineering requirements are difficult to meet. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the problems that the special damage characterization and evaluation method of a composite material laminated plate and a sandwich beam for polar equipment under the ice breaking load is lacked, the multiple failure modes cannot be comprehensively captured by a single detection means, and the corresponding relation between the collision energy, the damage degree and the failure modes is not established in the prior art. Furthermore, a method for representing and evaluating damage of the composite material structure under the ice breaking load is provided, and service safety of the polar equipment composite material structure is ensured. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for characterizing and evaluating structural damage of a composite material under an ice breaking load comprises the following steps: s1, preparing a composite material sample, wherein the composite material sample comprises a composite material laminated plate and a composite material sandwich beam; S2, preparing an ice model, wherein the ice model is a flat ice model; s3, performing a collision test, namely striking the composite material sample prepared in the step S1 against the ice body model prepared in the step S2 with different energies; S4, multi-dimensional damage characterization, namely performing damage characterization on the composite material sample subjected to the S3 collision test, performing macroscopic, internal and microscopic damage characterization on the composite material laminated plate, performing macroscopic and internal damage characterization on the composite material sandwich beam, wherein the macroscopic damage ch