CN-121977947-A - Material mechanical property testing device and testing method

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for testing mechanical properties of materials, the device comprises a clamping module, a load executing module, a displacement measuring module and a control module. The method comprises the steps of installing a material mechanical property testing device on a cold disc of a dilution refrigerator, starting the dilution refrigerator, fixing a sample to be tested on a clamping module, adjusting the posture of the sample, controlling a power module by a control module under an extremely low temperature environment, driving a pressure head of a load execution module to execute micro-impact pressing-in action on the sample to be tested at a preset impact speed, synchronously collecting impact load data during impact, synchronously collecting displacement data of the pressure head through a displacement measuring module, and calculating mechanical property parameters of the sample to be tested under the extremely low temperature environment by the control module based on the collected impact load data and displacement data. The invention can effectively avoid the problems of lower temperature limit and medium interference caused by traditional liquid helium infiltration or circulating refrigeration, and realize the implementation of mechanical property test at extremely low temperature.

Inventors

• LU FANGZHOU
• WANG BIYING
• GU GANGXU
• LI ZHIYUAN
• DONG YUQIAN
• HU JIANGFENG
• GE YUAN

Assignees

• 量子科技长三角产业创新中心

Dates

Publication Date

20260505

Application Date

20260312

Claims (18)

1. 1. The utility model provides a material mechanical properties testing arrangement which characterized in that sets up in low temperature environment, includes: The clamping module is arranged on the low-temperature system and is used for fixing a sample to be tested; the load execution module is arranged on one side of the clamping module and is close to the sample to be tested, and the pressure head of the load execution module is used for applying load to the sample to be tested; The power module is connected with the load execution module and is used for providing a power source for the load execution module; and the control module is used for controlling the actions of the power module and the load execution module and calculating the mechanical property parameters of the sample to be tested at the extremely low temperature based on the force signals provided by the load execution module and the acquired displacement signals.
2. 2. The device for testing mechanical properties of materials according to claim 1, further comprising a displacement measurement module, wherein the displacement measurement module obtains the displacement of the indenter in a non-contact measurement manner and provides the displacement signal to the control module.
3. 3. The device for testing mechanical properties of materials according to claim 1, wherein the low temperature environment comprises a dilution refrigerator and the low temperature system comprises a cold plate in the dilution refrigerator.
4. 4. The device for testing mechanical properties of materials according to claim 1, wherein the clamping module comprises: The connecting plate is connected with the cold disc through a connecting hole formed in the surface of the connecting plate; The sample seat is arranged on one side of the connecting plate and is used for bearing the sample to be tested; and the at least one sample clamp is arranged on the sample seat and used for pressing and fastening the sample to be tested on the sample seat.
5. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the connecting plate comprises a first mounting plate and a first adjusting plate connected to the first mounting plate, the first mounting plate is configured to be connected to the cold plate, and the first adjusting plate is configured to be connected to the sample holder.
6. 6. The device for testing mechanical properties of materials according to claim 5, wherein the sample holder comprises: A sample holder body; the plurality of adjusting knobs are connected with the sample seat main body through a ball hinge head structure, and the other ends of the adjusting knobs penetrate through the first adjusting plate; The groove is formed in one end of the sample holder main body and corresponds to the position of the sample clamp, and the groove is used for placing the sample to be tested.
7. 7. The device for testing mechanical properties of materials according to claim 5, wherein a protruding structure is provided on one side of the sample holder, the protruding structure extends toward and out of the first adjustment plate, and the protruding structure is used for mounting a heat radiation flat cable.
8. 8. The device for testing mechanical properties of materials according to claim 1, wherein the load performing module comprises: A ram for contacting and impacting the sample to be tested; The fixed rod is fixedly connected with the pressure head; The driving mechanism is connected with the fixed rod and used for driving the fixed rod and the pressure head to execute impact movement; and the force sensor is arranged between the fixed rod and the driving mechanism and is used for detecting the load in the impact process.
9. 9. The device for testing mechanical properties of materials according to claim 8, wherein the surface of the fixing rod is provided with a plurality of equidistant identification stripes for optically identifying displacement.
10. 10. The device for testing mechanical properties of materials according to claim 8, wherein the driving mechanism comprises: the piston is connected with the fixed rod or the force sensor; and the piston cylinder body is used for accommodating the piston and converting the gas pressure provided by the power module into the linear motion of the piston.
11. 11. The device of claim 8, further comprising a bushing, wherein the bushing is secured within the mounting hole of the main frame in an interference fit, and wherein the securing rod slidably extends through the bushing.
12. 12. The device for testing mechanical properties of materials according to claim 11, further comprising a second mounting plate and a second adjusting plate, wherein the second adjusting plate is mounted below the second mounting plate, and the main frame and the fixing member for fixing the air storage tank are connected with the second adjusting plate.
13. 13. The device for testing mechanical properties of materials according to claim 8, wherein the material of the pressure head is any one of diamond, silicon carbide, silicon nitride or sapphire, and the shape of the press-in end of the pressure head is any one of conical shape, regular triangular pyramid shape, regular quadrangular pyramid shape, spherical shape or cylindrical flat top shape.
14. 14. The device for testing mechanical properties of materials according to claim 11, wherein the power module comprises: a driving tank for storing and supplying pressurized gas for driving the impact; a return tank for storing and providing pressurized gas to reset or balance the ram; And the pipeline system is connected with the driving tank, the return tank and the load execution module.
15. 15. The device for testing mechanical properties of materials according to claim 14, wherein the power module further comprises a plurality of pneumatic valves, which are arranged at the connection parts of the driving tank, the return tank and the pipeline system, and are used for controlling the on-off of the gas circuit.
16. 16. A method for testing mechanical properties of a material, comprising: Mounting the material mechanical property testing device of any one of claims 1-15 to a cryogenic system comprising a cold plate in a dilution refrigerator; Starting the dilution refrigerator, so that the local environment temperature of at least one part of the clamping module and the load execution module is reduced to the test temperature, and keeping the temperature to be in thermal balance; Fixing a sample to be tested on the clamping module, and adjusting the posture of the sample to enable the surface to be tested to be perpendicular to the impact direction of the pressure head of the load execution module; Under an extremely low temperature environment, the control module controls the power module to drive the pressure head of the load execution module to execute micro-impact pressing-in action on the sample to be tested at a preset impact speed; in the impact process, synchronously acquiring impact load data through a force sensor, and synchronously acquiring displacement data of the pressure head in a non-contact optical measurement mode through a displacement measurement module; based on the acquired impact load data and displacement data, at least one mechanical property parameter of the sample to be detected in the extremely low temperature environment is calculated by the control module.
17. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising performing a load calibration on the load performing module, the method comprising: At normal temperature, disconnecting the power module from the piston in the load execution module; Applying a known standard force to the ram by an external standard loading device; acquiring a measured value output by the force sensor at the moment; And fitting to obtain a force calibration curve according to the corresponding relation between the standard force and the measured value.
18. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising performing a displacement calibration on the displacement measurement module, the method of displacement calibration comprising: After the device is arranged on a dilution refrigerator and reaches a target test temperature, measuring the actual low-temperature distance between each marking stripe on the pressure head fixing rod through a laser interferometer; Inputting the actual low-temperature distance into an image processing unit of the displacement measurement module, and establishing a mapping relation between image pixel coordinates and the actual physical distance; measuring the room temperature distance between identical identification stripes on the pressure head fixing rod at room temperature; And fitting to obtain a distance change relation caused by temperature change based on the actual low-temperature distance and the room-temperature distance.

Description

Material mechanical property testing device and testing method Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of low-temperature testing, and particularly relates to a device and a method for testing mechanical properties of materials. Background The low-temperature superconducting quantum computer is one of the most industrial technological routes in the current quantum computing field, and the core quantum bit of the low-temperature superconducting quantum computer needs to work in an extremely low-temperature environment close to absolute zero. In order to ensure the long-term reliability and stability of the quantum chip and its peripheral mechanical structure under such extreme conditions, it is necessary to precisely grasp basic mechanical performance parameters of the related materials at the corresponding very low temperature, such as elastic modulus, hardness, yield strength, and plastic behavior. However, materials can exhibit properties at very low temperatures that are quite different from normal temperatures, such as significantly increased brittleness, reduced toughness, potential phase changes, etc., which make testing of mechanical properties of the material for this temperature region critical and challenging. In the prior art, the mechanical property test of materials aiming at a low-temperature environment mainly depends on two refrigeration modes of immersion refrigeration or circulation refrigeration. Specifically, immersion refrigeration achieves rapid and uniform cooling by directly immersing the sample and test device in a cryogenic liquid, but the presence of the cryogenic liquid may interfere with the test signal, and liquid helium is expensive and is prone to penetrating into the material to change its properties. The cooling flow channel is designed in the testing device and is externally connected with the refrigerator to realize cooling, but the lowest temperature is limited by the refrigerating working medium and the heat exchange efficiency, so that the boiling point of liquid helium is difficult to break through by about 4.2K. Therefore, the lower limit of the working temperature of the existing test equipment is mostly kept at the liquid nitrogen temperature of 77K, and the minority reaches the liquid helium temperature of 4.2K, but the requirement of performance characterization of quantum computing device materials working at lower temperatures such as below 4K and even milliKelvin level cannot be met far. Therefore, development and construction of a complete test system capable of stably operating in an extremely low temperature environment below 4K is needed. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a device and a method for testing mechanical properties of materials, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art. Therefore, in one aspect, the present invention provides a device for testing mechanical properties of materials, which is disposed in a low-temperature environment, and includes: The clamping module is arranged on the low-temperature system and is used for fixing a sample to be tested; the load execution module is arranged on one side of the clamping module and is close to the sample to be tested, and the pressure head of the load execution module is used for applying load to the sample to be tested; The power module is connected with the load execution module and is used for providing a power source for the load execution module; and the control module is used for controlling the actions of the power module and the load execution module and calculating the mechanical property parameters of the sample to be tested at the extremely low temperature based on the force signals provided by the load execution module and the acquired displacement signals. In some embodiments, the device further comprises a displacement measurement module, wherein the displacement measurement module obtains the displacement of the pressure head in a non-contact measurement mode and provides the displacement signal to the control module. In some embodiments, the cryogenic environment comprises a dilution refrigerator and the cryogenic system comprises a cold plate in the dilution refrigerator. In some embodiments, the clamping module comprises: The connecting plate is connected with the cold disc through a connecting hole formed in the surface of the connecting plate; The sample seat is arranged on one side of the connecting plate and is used for bearing the sample to be tested; and the at least one sample clamp is arranged on the sample seat and used for pressing and fastening the sample to be tested on the sample seat. In some embodiments, the connection plate comprises a first mounting plate and a first adjusting plate connected to the first mounting plate, the first mounting plate is configured to be connected to the cold plate, and the first adjusting plate is configured to be connected to the sample holder. In some embodiments, the sample ho