CN-121978160-A - Environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device and method

CN121978160ACN 121978160 ACN121978160 ACN 121978160ACN-121978160-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of high-temperature heat transfer performance test of high-temperature heat pipes, and particularly relates to an environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance test device and method. According to the invention, a heat pipe performance test body is arranged in a vacuum container, an environment control system is used for realizing comprehensive performance test of a high-temperature heat pipe in various environments such as vacuum, specific atmosphere, high and low temperature and the like by vacuumizing the vacuum container, filling inert gas or changing the temperature in the container, a cooling loop system is connected with a cooling component through a metal hose to provide a cold source for a condensation section of the heat pipe, an electric heating system is connected with the heat pipe performance test body, and a measurement and control system is used for collecting and controlling signals and displaying, recording and processing data in real time. The invention can simulate the actual running environment of the heat pipe, realize the comprehensive performance test of the high-temperature heat pipe in various controllable environments such as vacuum, specific atmosphere, high and low temperature and the like, and accurately evaluate the performance of the high-temperature heat pipe.

Inventors

YUAN DEWEN
JIANG SHUNLI
YOU ERSHENG
ZHANG YOUJIA
XU JIANJUN
Cui Yinghuan
Yan Zhangrui
Zhou Dianzhuo

Assignees

中国核动力研究设计院

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260409

Claims (20)

1. The environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device is characterized by comprising a heat pipe performance testing body, a vacuum container, an environment control system, a cooling loop system, an electric heating system and a measurement and control system, wherein the heat pipe performance testing body is arranged in the vacuum container, the vacuum container provides relevant operation environments of the heat pipe performance testing body, the environment control system is used for realizing comprehensive performance testing of a heat pipe in vacuum, a specific atmosphere and high and low temperatures by vacuumizing the vacuum container, filling inert gas or changing the temperature in the container, the cooling loop system is connected with a cooling assembly through a metal hose to provide a cold source for a condensation section of the heat pipe, the electric heating system is connected with the heat pipe performance testing body, and the measurement and control system is used for collecting and controlling signals, displaying, recording and processing data in real time and calculating heat transfer resistance, equivalent heat conductivity coefficient, heat transfer quantity and operation temperature of the heat pipe.
2. The environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 1, wherein the heat pipe performance testing body comprises a high-temperature heat pipe (1), a cooling component, a heating element (7) and a heat preservation layer (9), the heat preservation layer (9) is wrapped outside the high-temperature heat pipe (1), the heat preservation layer (9) divides the high-temperature heat pipe (1) into an evaporation section, a heat insulation section and 3 heat preservation sections of a condensation section, the cooling component is arranged outside the upper end of the high-temperature heat pipe (1), the cooling component comprises an air gap sleeve (2) and a cooling water jacket (3), and the lower end of the high-temperature heat pipe (1) is provided with the heating element (7).
3. The environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 2, wherein the heating element (7) is coated on an evaporation section of the high-temperature heat pipe (1), and an insulating equalizing pipe (8) is arranged between the heating element (7) and the high-temperature heat pipe (1).
4. The environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 3, wherein the high-temperature heat pipe (1) is a sodium heat pipe, a sodium potassium heat pipe or a lithium heat pipe, and the heat preservation layer (9) adopts composite aluminum silicate and nano porous materials as heat preservation materials and aluminum foils as reflecting layers.
5. The environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 4, wherein the air gap sleeve (2) is arranged at a condensing section of the high-temperature heat pipe (1), an upper thermocouple interface (4), an air inlet pipe (5) and an exhaust pipe (6) are arranged at the upper end of the air gap sleeve (2), the upper thermocouple interface (4) is used for leading out a temperature thermocouple of the top of the vacuum container and the cooling assembly, the air inlet pipe (5) is used for communicating a charging valve (19 b) of the cooling assembly with the air storage bottle (21) to charge air into the air gap sleeve (2), and the exhaust pipe (6) is used for discharging internal air.
6. The environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 5, wherein the air gap sleeve (2) is filled with single-component gas or gas with different heat conductivity coefficients so as to change the air gap thermal resistance.
7. The environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 6, wherein the cooling water jacket (3) is of a double-layer sleeve structure, the outer side is a cooling water inlet layer, the inner side is a cooling water outlet layer, an inlet pipe is arranged on the inlet layer, an outlet pipe is arranged on the outlet layer, cooling water enters the inlet layer of the cooling water jacket (3) through the inlet pipe, then flows into the outlet layer of the cooling water jacket (3) and flows out of the outlet pipe, the cooling assembly takes away heat of the heat pipe by utilizing circulating flow of the cooling water in the cooling water jacket (3), and the working temperature and the heat transfer quantity of the high-temperature heat pipe (1) are changed by adjusting the gas composition and the proportion of the air gap sleeve (2) and the cooling water flow to adjust the cooling heat exchange thermal resistance between the cooling water and the wall surface of the condensing section.
8. The environmentally controllable high temperature heat pipe performance test device according to claim 7, wherein the heating element (7) is a silicon carbon rod, a silicon molybdenum rod, graphite or a nichrome resistance wire.
9. The environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 8, wherein after the heating element (7) is electrified, generated heat is conducted to an evaporation section of the high-temperature heat pipe (1) through the insulating equalizing pipe (8), after the evaporation section of the high-temperature heat pipe (1) is heated, an internal alkali metal working medium at the evaporation section begins to evaporate to generate steam, the steam further transfers the heat to a condensation section of the high-temperature heat pipe (1), and under the cooling of a cooling component, the heat is transferred to cooling water in the cooling water jacket (3) through gas in the air gap sleeve (2) by the condensation section and finally taken away by flowing cooling water.
10. The environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 7 is characterized in that the vacuum container comprises a container cavity (10), a visual window and various connectors, the container cavity (10) is an openable airtight container, the whole is of a cylindrical structure and is arranged on an inclination adjusting frame to achieve inclination adjustment, the upper end and the lower end of the container cavity (10) are respectively sealed by an upper flange (11) and a lower flange (12), the upper end of the container cavity is penetrated by a cooling component and sealed by a flange sealing piece, a lower thermocouple interface (13) and a lower electrical interface (14) are arranged at the lower end of the container cavity (10), a vacuum/inflation interface (15) and a working medium circulation interface (23) are arranged at the wall of the cavity, the lower thermocouple interface (13) is used for leading out a temperature thermocouple at the bottom of the vacuum container, the lower electrical interface (14) is led out of an electrical wire positive electrode and a negative electrode of a heating element (7), the vacuum/inflation interface (15) is connected with a vacuum implementation unit in an environment control system and an atmosphere implementation unit pipeline to achieve connection with the vacuum implementation unit in the environment control system, and the vacuum/inflation interface (23) is connected with the vacuum control unit in the vacuum control system, and the temperature control window is arranged in the vacuum container is connected with the vacuum control system.
11. The environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 10, wherein the environment control system comprises a vacuum implementation unit, an atmosphere implementation unit and a temperature control unit, wherein the vacuum implementation unit is used for vacuumizing the container cavity (10) to achieve a high vacuum state in the container cavity (10), the atmosphere implementation unit is used for filling specific types and pressure of gas into the container cavity (10), and the temperature control unit is used for changing the environment temperature in the container cavity (10) to achieve active and accurate environment temperature control.
12. The environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 11, wherein the vacuum implementation unit comprises a vacuum valve (16), a vacuum gauge (17) and a vacuum pump (18), the vacuum pump (18) is communicated with a vacuum/inflation interface (15) through the vacuum valve (16), the vacuum gauge (17) is arranged between the vacuum valve (16) and the vacuum pump (18), the vacuum valve (16) is a high-vacuum gate valve, the vacuum gauge (17) monitors the vacuum degree of the container cavity (10) and a vacuum pipeline, and the vacuum pump (18) consists of a backing pump and a molecular pump and is used for vacuumizing the container cavity (10) through the vacuum valve (16) and the vacuum/inflation interface (15).
13. The environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 12, wherein the atmosphere realizing unit comprises a container inflation valve (19 a), a pressure sensor (20) and a gas storage bottle (21), the gas storage bottle (21) is communicated with the vacuum/inflation interface (15) through the container inflation valve (19 a), the pressure sensor (20) is arranged between the container inflation valve (19 a) and the gas storage bottle (21), and the gas storage bottle (21) is filled with a gas of a specific type and pressure into the container cavity (10) through the container inflation valve (19 a) and the vacuum/inflation interface (15).
14. The environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 13, wherein the temperature control unit comprises a heat sink (22), a circulating pump (24) and a working medium container (25), the heat sink (22) is a heat exchange plate with an internal flow channel and is fixedly arranged on the inner wall surface of the container cavity (10), the inside of the heat sink (22) is connected with a working medium circulating interface (23), the working medium container (25) is communicated with the working medium circulating interface (23) through the circulating pump (24), and the circulating pump (24) outside the container cavity (10) is used for driving high-temperature or low-temperature working medium in the working medium container (25) to circularly flow in the heat sink (22) through the working medium circulating interface (23) so as to realize heating or cooling of the heat sink (22).
15. The environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 14, wherein the cooling loop system comprises a heat exchanger (26), a cooling water tank (27), an inlet valve (28), a pressure stabilizer (29), a driving pump (30), a flowmeter (31) and an outlet valve (32), the bottom of the cooling water tank (27) is connected with the driving pump (30) through a pipeline, the driving pump (30) is connected with the flowmeter (31) and a cooling water jacket (3) through a pipeline, an inlet valve (28) and the pressure stabilizer (29) are arranged between the driving pump (30) and the cooling water tank (27), the heat exchanger (26) is arranged inside the cooling water tank (27) and connected with the cooling water jacket (3) through a pipeline, an outlet valve (32) is arranged between the heat exchanger (26) and the cooling water tank, the cooling water starts to flow under the driving of the driving pump (30), the flow is measured through the flowmeter (31), heat of a heat pipe is taken away through the outlet valve (32) and enters the heat exchanger (26) in the cooling water tank (27) to be cooled through the inlet valve (28), and the pressure stabilizer (29) is used for continuously adjusting the pressure loop (28) through the inlet valve (29).
16. The environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 15, wherein the electric heating system comprises a programmable direct-current power supply (33) and related power supply lines, the programmable direct-current power supply (33) is connected with the lower-end electric interface (14) through an electric line, and a heat source is provided for the evaporation section of the heat pipe through the heating element (7).
17. The environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 16, wherein the measurement and control system comprises a related measuring instrument, a measurement and control cabinet (34) and a computer (35) and can measure the pressure in the vacuum container and the cooling loop system in real time, the temperature of the heat pipe, the cooling loop system, the vacuum container and the heat sink, the flow of the cooling loop system and the temperature control unit, the liquid level of the cooling loop system and the current and the voltage of the electric heating system.
18. The environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance test method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: s1, constructing an environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device; s2, constructing a corresponding environment for the high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device constructed in the step S1; s3, performing a high-temperature heat pipe performance test to obtain a related test result; S4, adjusting various working condition parameters such as inclination angle, ambient temperature and heating and cooling power, and carrying out heat pipe performance tests under different working conditions to obtain heat pipe comprehensive performance test results.
19. The method for testing the performance of the environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe according to claim 18, wherein the step S1 comprises the following steps: Placing a condensing section of a high-temperature heat pipe (1) in an air gap sleeve (2) in a cooling assembly, fixing and sealing the condensing section and the air gap sleeve by using a sealing clamping sleeve, leading out a thermocouple which is arranged on the wall surface of the condensing section in advance from an upper thermocouple interface (4) and sealing the thermocouple by using the clamping sleeve, and connecting the thermocouple into a measurement and control system to measure the temperature of the wall surface of the heat pipe; Coating the heating element (7) and the insulating uniform heat pipe (8) on the evaporation section of the heat pipe, and coating the heat pipe with the heat insulating layer (9) integrally, so that the heat pipe performance test body is assembled; The heat pipe performance test body is arranged in a vacuum container, the upper end of the body penetrates through a container cavity (10) and is fixed and sealed by an upper end flange (11), positive and negative wires of a heating element (7) are led out from an electric interface (14) at the lower end of the container cavity (10) and connected into a program-controlled direct current power supply (33), thermocouples arranged at the evaporation section and the heat insulation section of the heat pipe and thermocouples inside the container are led out from a lower end thermocouple interface (13) and connected into a measurement and control system; The whole vacuum container is placed on an inclination angle adjusting frame (36), and the angle is adjusted to perform heat pipe performance test under a certain inclination angle.
20. The method for testing the performance of the environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe according to claim 19, wherein in the step S2, the vacuum pump (18) is used for vacuumizing the inside of the container cavity (10), the vacuumizing is stopped when the vacuum degree reaches 1 x 10 -2 Pa, and the gas cylinder (21) is used for filling 0.15MPa gas into the inside of the container cavity (10) to construct an atmosphere environment.

Description

Environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device and method Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of high-temperature heat transfer performance test of high-temperature heat pipes, and particularly relates to an environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance test device and method. Background The heat pipe is a heat transfer element which transfers heat by means of the phase change of an internal working medium, is known as a hot superconductor, and can transfer a large amount of heat in a long distance through a small sectional area without external power. The high-temperature heat pipe has the characteristics of high working temperature and good heat transfer performance, and has important application value in the aspects of heat protection of solid reactors and supersonic speed aircrafts. The key point of the application and research of the high-temperature heat pipe is the testing of the performance of the high-temperature heat pipe to fully master the thermal characteristics and the reliability of the high-temperature heat pipe. The existing performance testing device is limited to a single testing environment, for example, the testing is performed in a normal-temperature atmosphere environment, the heat pipe experimental body is placed in the atmosphere environment, and the isothermal property, the heat transfer capacity and other thermodynamic parameters of the heat pipe experimental body are measured through heating and cooling, but the complex environments facing the actual operation of the heat pipe cannot be simulated. In addition, when the working temperature of the high-temperature heat pipe can reach more than 500 ℃ in the atmospheric environment, the heat is still kept in a larger temperature difference from the surrounding environment despite the heat preservation layer when the heat pipe conveys heat from the evaporation section to the condensation section, part of the heat is dissipated into the environment through natural convection and radiation, the heat loss is larger, the actual heat transfer quantity of the heat pipe is lower than the heating power, and the heat efficiency is lower, so that the heat transfer performance of the heat pipe is difficult to evaluate correctly. Disclosure of Invention The invention solves the technical problems of providing the environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance test device and the environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance test method, which can simulate the actual running environment of a heat pipe, realize the comprehensive performance test of the high-temperature heat pipe under various controllable environments such as vacuum, specific atmosphere, high temperature, low temperature and the like, and accurately evaluate the performance of the high-temperature heat pipe. The invention adopts the technical scheme that: The environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device comprises a heat pipe performance testing body, a vacuum container, an environment control system, a cooling loop system, an electric heating system and a measurement and control system, wherein the heat pipe performance testing body is arranged in the vacuum container, the vacuum container provides relevant operation environments of the heat pipe performance testing body, the environment control system is used for realizing comprehensive performance testing of a high-temperature heat pipe in vacuum, a specific atmosphere and high and low temperatures by vacuumizing the vacuum container, filling inert gas or changing the temperature in the container, the cooling loop system is connected with a cooling component through a metal hose to provide a cold source for a condensation section of the heat pipe, the electric heating system is connected with the heat pipe performance testing body, and the measurement and control system is used for collecting and controlling signals, displaying, recording and processing data in real time and calculating heat transfer thermal resistance, equivalent heat conductivity coefficient, heat transfer quantity and operation temperature of the heat pipe. The heat pipe performance test body comprises a high-temperature heat pipe, a cooling assembly, a heating element and a heat preservation layer, wherein the heat preservation layer wraps the outer portion of the high-temperature heat pipe, the heat preservation layer divides the high-temperature heat pipe into 3 heat preservation sections of an evaporation section, a heat insulation section and a condensation section, the cooling assembly is arranged at the outer portion of the upper end of the high-temperature heat pipe, the cooling assembly comprises an air gap sleeve and a cooling water jacket, a concentric sleeve type structure is formed, and the heating element is arranged at the lower end of the high-temperature heat pipe. The heating element is coated on the