CN-121978207-A - Method, system, equipment and product for monitoring dendrite of battery based on ultrasonic guided wave

CN121978207ACN 121978207 ACN121978207 ACN 121978207ACN-121978207-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery dendrite monitoring method, a system, equipment and a product based on ultrasonic guided waves, wherein in the method, under the normal charge and discharge state of a battery, SH0 ultrasonic guided waves are excited by a piezoelectric transducer to propagate along the surface of an electrode or a waveguide structure tightly coupled with the electrode, and reflected and transmitted echo signals are acquired and analyzed with high precision. And carrying out guided wave characteristic extraction on the echo signals to obtain key parameters such as guided wave propagation time, speed drift, energy attenuation and the like, and realizing real-time and high-sensitivity monitoring of the crystal branches from early germination and growth to irreversible accumulation. And a quantitative characterization and early warning mechanism of the evolution of the boule is constructed by combining a signal processing algorithm and a threshold criterion, so that the safety risks of the boule such as membrane penetration, internal short circuit and the like are reduced. The nondestructive testing monitoring method can provide powerful technical support for battery safety management, life prediction and linkage control of a battery management system.

Inventors

Xiong Pifu
DONG HAOBO
LI KAI
LI DA

Assignees

华南理工大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260122

Claims (9)

1. The battery dendrite monitoring method based on the ultrasonic guided wave is characterized by comprising the following steps of: exciting SH0 ultrasonic guided waves to a target battery, and acquiring echo signal data of the SH0 ultrasonic guided waves; extracting the guided wave characteristics of the echo signal data to obtain guided wave parameter characteristics of the echo signal data; Determining dendrite evolution morphology of the target battery according to the corresponding relation between the guided wave parameter characteristics and preset guided wave parameter characteristics and the deposition state; and determining the dendrite growth stage of the target battery according to the dendrite evolution form, the guided wave parameter characteristics, the historical monitoring data of the target battery and the synchronous electrode surface image.
2. The ultrasonic guided wave-based battery dendrite monitoring method of claim 1, wherein the exciting SH0 ultrasonic guided wave to a target battery to obtain echo signal data of the SH0 ultrasonic guided wave comprises: Exciting SH0 ultrasonic guided waves to a target battery by adopting a piezoelectric transducer, so that the SH0 ultrasonic guided waves propagate along a battery electrode of the target battery and a waveguide structure tightly coupled with the battery electrode; and acquiring echo signal data of the SH0 ultrasonic guided wave in the propagation process by adopting a receiving transducer, wherein the echo signal data comprises reflected wave and transmitted wave signals of the SH0 ultrasonic guided wave in the propagation process.
3. The ultrasonic guided wave-based battery dendrite monitoring method of claim 1 wherein the performing guided wave feature extraction on the echo signal data to obtain guided wave parameter features of the echo signal data comprises: preprocessing the echo signal data, and extracting propagation time and amplitude information of the processed echo signal data; and calculating the guided wave parameter characteristics of the echo signal data according to the propagation time and the amplitude information, wherein the guided wave parameter characteristics comprise guided wave propagation speed and attenuation coefficient.
4. The method for monitoring battery dendrites based on ultrasonic guided waves as claimed in claim 1, wherein if the guided wave parameter characteristics include guided wave propagation speed and attenuation coefficient, Determining the dendrite evolution form of the target battery according to the guided wave parameter characteristics and the corresponding relation between the preset guided wave parameter characteristics and the deposition state, including: If the propagation speed of the guided wave regularly fluctuates in synchronization with the charge-discharge cycle period of the battery and the attenuation coefficient has no continuous increasing trend, judging that the metal deposition/stripping process in the target battery is kept reversible according to the corresponding relation between the preset guided wave parameter characteristics and the deposition state, and no obvious dendrite-induced deposition accumulation occurs on the surface of the electrode; if the propagation speed of the guided wave is in irreversible monotone drift and the attenuation coefficient is continuously increased, judging that irreversible metal deposition residual behaviors exist in the target battery according to the corresponding relation between preset guided wave parameter characteristics and deposition states, wherein the metal deposition morphology is represented by dendrite growth or dead metal accumulation.
5. The ultrasonic guided wave based cell dendrite monitoring method of claim 1, wherein said determining a dendrite growth stage of said target cell based on said dendrite evolution morphology, said guided wave parameter characteristics, historical monitoring data of said target cell, and contemporaneous electrode surface images comprises: Aligning the guided wave parameter characteristics with the historical monitoring data of the target battery according to the charge-discharge cycle times or time stamps, and calculating the variation quantity and variation trend of the guided wave parameter characteristics; And determining the dendrite growth stage of the target battery according to the variation and the variation trend, the dendrite evolution form, the synchronous electrode surface image and a preset dendrite growth stage characteristic state.
6. The ultrasonic guided wave based cell dendrite monitoring method of claim 1, further comprising, after determining a dendrite growth stage of the target cell: And carrying out risk early warning on the target battery according to a preset guided wave parameter characteristic threshold and the dendrite growth stage.
7. A battery dendrite monitoring system based on ultrasonic guided waves, comprising: the echo signal acquisition module is used for exciting SH0 ultrasonic guided waves to the target battery and acquiring echo signal data of the SH0 ultrasonic guided waves; the guided wave parameter extraction module is used for extracting guided wave characteristics of the echo signal data to obtain guided wave parameter characteristics of the echo signal data; the dendrite type determining module is used for determining dendrite evolution form of the target battery according to the corresponding relation between the guided wave parameter characteristics and the preset guided wave parameter characteristics and the deposition state; And the growth stage determining module is used for determining the dendrite growth stage of the target battery according to the dendrite evolution form, the guided wave parameter characteristics, the historical monitoring data of the target battery and the synchronous electrode surface image.
8. An ultrasonic guided wave based battery dendrite monitoring device comprising a processor, a memory and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, the processor implementing the ultrasonic guided wave based battery dendrite monitoring method of any one of claims 1 to 6 when the computer program is executed.
9. A computer program product, characterized in that it is stored in a storage medium, which program product is executed by at least one processor to implement the steps of the ultrasound guided wave based battery dendrite monitoring method of any one of claims 1 to 6.

Description

Method, system, equipment and product for monitoring dendrite of battery based on ultrasonic guided wave Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery dendrite monitoring method, system, equipment and product based on ultrasonic guided waves. Background Energy storage batteries are continuously developing towards high safety, low cost and long service life due to the important roles of the energy storage batteries in power peak shaving, renewable energy grid connection and distributed energy systems. The energy storage battery system (such as zinc, lithium and other metal negative electrode batteries) with the metal negative electrode as a representative shows good application prospect in the field of large-scale energy storage by virtue of the advantages of high theoretical capacity, abundant raw material reserves, multiple systems and the like. However, in the repeated charge and discharge processes of the battery, the deposition process of metal ions on the surface of the negative electrode is easy to generate a phenomenon of uneven spatial distribution, the uneven deposition of metal can be caused by the concentration of local current density, and the formation of unstable deposition morphology such as dendrites is further induced. With the increase of the circulation times, dendrite structures can continuously grow towards the electrolyte and the separator, so that on one hand, the risk of penetrating through the separator and causing internal short circuit is caused, and serious potential safety hazards are brought, on the other hand, part of metal deposition cannot be completely recovered in the subsequent stripping process and gradually converted into irreversible dead metal, so that the reversible capacity of the battery is attenuated, the coulomb efficiency is reduced, and the failure problems such as thermal runaway and the like can be further induced due to unbalance of local electrochemical and thermodynamic conditions. Therefore, under the actual working condition of the energy storage battery, monitoring on the metal deposition non-uniformity, dendrite growth and irreversible deposition accumulation process in real time and on line and having enough sensitivity has become a key technical requirement for improving the safety and service life of the metal negative electrode energy storage battery. Existing ultrasonic transmission or reflection monitoring techniques typically evaluate the internal structural state of the battery from an overall scale, such as pole piece integrity, electrolyte state, and macroscopic features such as battery case deformation. The method penetrates through the whole battery structure in a bulk wave mode, and has limited sensitivity to microscopic deposition state changes on the surface of the electrode, particularly to partial structure changes in early uneven evolution of metal deposition and dendrite initiation stages. Meanwhile, the traditional ultrasonic detection means is difficult to distinguish the fine influence of the reversible metal deposition/stripping process and irreversible metal deposition residues on acoustic signals, and lacks the directional monitoring and distinguishing capability aiming at specific electrode interface deposition behaviors, so that the actual requirements of safe operation and service life management of the metal negative electrode energy storage battery are difficult to be met. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides a battery dendrite monitoring method, system, equipment and product based on ultrasonic guided wave, which are used for monitoring target battery electrode dendrite based on SH0 ultrasonic guided wave, and carrying out high-sensitivity detection on obvious response of dendrite early formation stage. In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for monitoring dendrites of a battery based on ultrasonic guided waves, including: exciting SH0 ultrasonic guided waves to a target battery, and acquiring echo signal data of the SH0 ultrasonic guided waves; extracting the guided wave characteristics of the echo signal data to obtain guided wave parameter characteristics of the echo signal data; Determining dendrite evolution morphology of the target battery according to the corresponding relation between the guided wave parameter characteristics and preset guided wave parameter characteristics and the deposition state; and determining the dendrite growth stage of the target battery according to the dendrite evolution form, the guided wave parameter characteristics, the historical monitoring data of the target battery and the synchronous electrode surface image. As an improvement of the above solution, the exciting the SH0 ultrasonic guided wave to the target battery, obtaining echo signal data of the SH0 ultrasonic guided wave, includes: Exciting SH0 ultrasonic guided waves to a target battery by adopting a piezoe