CN-121978212-A - System and method for remotely detecting directional sound wave-laser vibration measurement of tunnel lining cavity

CN121978212ACN 121978212 ACN121978212 ACN 121978212ACN-121978212-A

Abstract

The invention provides a tunnel lining cavity directional sound wave-laser vibration measurement remote detection system and a method thereof; the detection system comprises a directional sound wave excitation device, a laser vibration meter, a data processing unit and a supporting and positioning assembly, and the method comprises the following steps of system layout and calibration, detection grid definition, collaborative excitation and scanning, defect judgment and imaging, and can realize remote and non-contact accurate detection of cavity defects in tunnel lining, reduce manual erroneous judgment and improve detection efficiency and coverage range.

Inventors

LI ZHUOMIN
WU JIANQIU
LI XING
YANG CHANGQING
ZHANG JIAXUAN
SUN MIN
WU YUANHAO
DOU JINZHONG
WANG WEI

Assignees

中国建筑第八工程局有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20251223

Claims (10)

1. A tunnel lining cavity directional acoustic-laser vibration measuring remote detection system, comprising: The device comprises a directional sound wave excitation device, a laser vibration meter, a data processing unit and a supporting and positioning assembly; the directional sound wave excitation device is arranged in the tunnel and is used for emitting directional sound waves to the surface of the lining so as to excite the lining to vibrate; The laser vibration meter is arranged adjacent to the directional acoustic excitation device and is used for measuring vibration response signals of the surface of the lining under acoustic excitation in a non-contact manner; the supporting and positioning assembly is used for fixing and adjusting the spatial positions and the directives of the directional sound wave excitation device and the laser vibration meter, so that the action areas of the directional sound wave excitation device and the laser vibration meter are ensured to be consistent on the surface of the lining; The data processing unit is in communication connection with the laser vibration meter and is used for receiving and processing the vibration response signals and judging whether the lining is internally provided with a cavity defect or not by analyzing vibration characteristics.
2. The remote detection system for directional sound wave-laser vibration measurement of a tunnel lining cavity according to claim 1, wherein the working distance of the directional sound wave excitation device is 5-20 m, and the measuring distance of the laser vibration meter is 5-20 m.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the support and positioning assembly comprises a support frame and a positioning device, the directional acoustic excitation device and the laser vibration meter are arranged on the support frame, and the emission axes of the directional acoustic excitation device and the laser vibration meter are coaxial or arranged at a small angle.
4. The tunnel liner void directed acoustic-laser vibration remote detection system of claim 1, wherein the data processing unit comprises: The device comprises a signal acquisition module, a frequency spectrum analysis module and a defect judgment module; the signal acquisition module is used for recording vibration time domain signals of each measuring point on the surface of the lining; the frequency spectrum analysis module is used for carrying out frequency spectrum analysis on the vibration signal, extracting the resonance frequency and calculating the vibration energy ratio; the defect judging module is used for judging and positioning the cavity defect based on the comparison of the vibration energy ratio and a preset threshold value.
5. The tunnel lining cavity directional acoustic-laser vibration remote detection system of claim 4, wherein the vibration energy ratio calculating method comprises: And in the selected frequency range, the ratio of the integral value of the vibration speed power spectrum of the measured point to the integral value of the vibration speed power spectrum of the healthy reference point.
6. The tunnel liner void directed acoustic-laser vibration remote detection system of claim 1, further comprising a mobile platform on which the support positioning assembly is disposed.
7. A tunnel lining cavity directional sound wave-laser vibration measuring remote detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps: Installing and calibrating a directional sound wave excitation device and a laser vibration meter in a tunnel to ensure that the directional sound wave excitation device and the laser vibration meter are cooperatively aligned with a lining region to be detected; defining a detection grid, namely defining a detection area on the surface of the lining to be detected, and defining a scanning measuring point grid for laser vibration measurement; Controlling the directional acoustic excitation device to emit acoustic excitation signals with preset parameters, and simultaneously controlling the laser vibration meter to scan the gridding measuring points point by point to collect vibration response signals of each point; Performing frequency spectrum analysis on the acquired vibration signals, extracting the resonance frequency of each measuring point, and calculating the vibration energy ratio of each measuring point relative to a healthy reference area; And judging whether a cavity exists below the measuring point according to whether the vibration energy ratio exceeds a preset threshold value, and performing spatial imaging on judging results of all the measuring points to generate a defect distribution diagram and a detection report.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein in the step of co-exciting and scanning, parameters of the acoustic excitation signal include frequency range, signal form and sound pressure level, and the parameters are set according to the characteristics of the lining material and the requirements of the detection depth.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein in the signal processing and feature extraction steps, the excess response occurring in a specific frequency band is identified as an indication of a potential defect by comparing the vibration spectra of the measured point and the adjacent healthy reference point.
10. The method for remotely detecting the directional sound wave-laser vibration of the tunnel lining cavity according to claim 7, wherein in the defect judging and imaging step, the preset threshold value is determined by counting vibration energy ratio distribution of a healthy lining area and combining engineering experience.

Description

System and method for remotely detecting directional sound wave-laser vibration measurement of tunnel lining cavity Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of nondestructive testing of tunnel engineering, and particularly relates to a tunnel lining cavity directional sound wave-laser vibration testing remote detection system and method. Background The tunnel lining cavity is a common quality defect in tunnel construction, and has various formation reasons, including shrinkage of concrete, unreasonable pumping pressure, improper laying of a waterproof layer, insufficient vibration of the concrete, insufficient rigidity of an arch frame, karst stratum, groundwater action and the like. The holes can damage the close relation between the lining and the surrounding rock or the waterproof layer, so that local stress concentration is caused, further the lining is caused to deform, crack and even fall off, and the safety of the tunnel structure and the operation safety are seriously threatened. Therefore, it is necessary to detect the tunnel lining. The tunnel lining detection technology commonly used in the current engineering has the following bottlenecks: the contact detection efficiency is low, the traditional impact echo method, hammering method and the like need to directly contact a sensor or knocking equipment with the surface of the lining, the operation is complex, and particularly in difficult-to-access areas such as high vault and the like, the efficiency is extremely low and potential safety hazards exist. The existing method is dependent on manual experience, and the identification of the hole defect mainly depends on experience and subjective judgment of operators, for example, whether the hole exists in the lining is judged through knocking sound or vibration feeling, so that misjudgment or missed judgment is easy to cause. The environment interference is remarkable, namely, the internal components of the structures such as the steel bars, the aggregates and the like generate serious interference on signal propagation of the traditional detection methods such as ultrasonic waves, electromagnetic waves and the like, so that the detection result is inaccurate. The detection depth is limited, and partial detection methods such as an infrared thermal imaging method, a geological radar method and the like are limited by the characteristics of the concrete structure, so that the detection depth is limited, and the effective identification of the hollow inside the lining is difficult. The automatic degree is insufficient, the existing detection method is mostly manually operated, an automatic data acquisition and analysis mechanism is lacked, and objectivity and consistency of detection results are difficult to guarantee. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a tunnel lining cavity directional sound wave-laser vibration measurement remote detection system and a method thereof, which realize remote and non-contact accurate detection of cavity defects in tunnel lining, reduce manual erroneous judgment and improve detection efficiency and coverage range. The technical scheme of the invention is that the tunnel lining cavity directional sound wave-laser vibration measurement remote detection system comprises: The device comprises a directional sound wave excitation device, a laser vibration meter, a data processing unit and a supporting and positioning assembly; the directional sound wave excitation device is arranged in the tunnel and is used for emitting directional sound waves to the surface of the lining so as to excite the lining to vibrate; The laser vibration meter is arranged adjacent to the directional acoustic excitation device and is used for measuring vibration response signals of the surface of the lining under acoustic excitation in a non-contact manner; the supporting and positioning assembly is used for fixing and adjusting the spatial positions and the directives of the directional sound wave excitation device and the laser vibration meter, so that the action areas of the directional sound wave excitation device and the laser vibration meter are ensured to be consistent on the surface of the lining; The data processing unit is in communication connection with the laser vibration meter and is used for receiving and processing the vibration response signals and judging whether the lining is internally provided with a cavity defect or not by analyzing vibration characteristics. Further, the working distance of the directional sound wave excitation device is 5-20 meters, and the measuring distance of the laser vibration meter is 5-20 meters. Further, the supporting and positioning assembly comprises a supporting frame and a positioning device, wherein the directional sound wave excitation device and the laser vibration meter are arranged on the supporting frame, and the emitting axes of the directional sound wave excita