CN-121978287-A - Experimental device and experimental method for simulating release of nitrogen and phosphorus in water sediment

CN121978287ACN 121978287 ACN121978287 ACN 121978287ACN-121978287-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental engineering, and discloses an experimental device and an experimental method for simulating nitrogen and phosphorus release of water sediment. The device comprises an experiment main body unit, an environment simulation unit, a water quality regulation and control unit, a mobile monitoring unit, an automatic sampling module and an intelligent regulation and control module. The experiment main body unit is provided with a water tank for containing sediment and water, the environment simulation unit is integrated with a water flow disturbance, aeration, illumination and heating assembly, the water quality regulation and control unit is used for regulating chemical parameters of the water, the mobile monitoring unit is used for carrying out space dynamic detection on the water, the automatic sampling module is used for automatically collecting sediment overlying water and gap water according to a specified time interval, and the intelligent regulation and control module is used for coordinating the operation of each unit to realize multi-scenario simulation and closed-loop regulation and control. The invention can realize accurate simulation, real-time monitoring and intelligent regulation and control of the migration and release processes of the sediment-water interface substances under different environmental conditions, and remarkably improves the accuracy and the comprehensiveness of experimental data.

Inventors

YANG YAN
HE JIA
ZHI GUOQIANG
Hou Maoze
ZHANG HONGCHUN
FU XIAOHUA
DUAN BAOPING
XIONG JIAN
SHAO ZHI

Assignees

昆明市生态环境科学研究院(昆明环境工程技术研究中心、昆明低碳城市发展研究中心、昆明市环境污染损害鉴定评估中心)
力合科技（湖南）股份有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260408

Claims (9)

1. An experimental device for simulating release of nitrogen and phosphorus from sediment in a water body, which is characterized by comprising: The experiment main body unit is used for accommodating a water tank (11) for sediment and water; The environment simulation unit is used for simulating various environment conditions in the water tank (11) and comprises a water flow disturbance component (21), an aeration component (22), an illumination component (23), a heating component (24) and a water flow control component, wherein the water flow disturbance component is arranged on the side wall of the water tank (11) and the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the water flow disturbance component extend into the water body; The water quality regulating and controlling unit is used for regulating the water quality in the water tank (11) and comprises a dosing assembly (31), wherein the dosing assembly (31) is arranged on the outer wall of the water tank (11), and the output end of the dosing assembly is in fluid communication with the water inlet end of the water flow disturbance assembly (21); the mobile monitoring unit is used for automatically monitoring water quality by multiple points and multiple indexes; The automatic sampling module comprises a water body sampling flow path (51), a sediment gap water sampling flow path (52), a high-precision injection pump, a first sampling bottle (54) and a second sampling bottle (54), wherein the water inlet end of the water body sampling flow path (51) stretches into the water body, the water outlet end of the water body sampling flow path is connected to a sampling terminal (53), the water inlet end of the sediment gap water sampling flow path (52) stretches into sediment, the water outlet end of the sediment gap water sampling flow path (52) is provided with the high-precision injection pump, and the first sampling bottles (54) are arranged on the outer wall of one side of the water tank (11); The intelligent regulation and control module (6), the intelligent regulation and control module (6) set up in sampling terminal (53), intelligent regulation and control module (6) with environmental simulation unit the quality of water regulation and control unit automatic sampling module with remove monitoring unit electricity and be connected, intelligent regulation and control module (6) can gather the quality of water real-time data of removal monitoring unit to can combine the off-line analysis result of automatic sampling module carries out comprehensive research and judgement, according to preset experimental scenario and regulation and control strategy, accurate regulation and control environmental simulation unit the operational parameter of quality of water regulation and control unit.
2. The experimental device for simulating nitrogen and phosphorus release of water sediment according to claim 1, wherein the sediment gap water sampling flow path (52) comprises a plurality of sampling pipes (521), the plurality of sampling pipes (521) are arranged on the inner wall of the water tank (11) at intervals, the bottom ends of the sampling pipes (521) extend into the sediment, the top ends of the sampling pipes (521) are connected with the first sampling bottle (54) through connecting pipes, a group of sampling hole groups (522) are formed in each sampling pipe (521), the sampling hole groups (522) on each sampling pipe (521) are formed in different depths, dialysis membranes are arranged on the sampling holes, and a high-precision injection pump is arranged in each sampling pipe (521).
3. The experimental device for simulating nitrogen and phosphorus release of water sediment according to claim 1, wherein a peristaltic pump is arranged in the sampling terminal (53), the water sampling flow path (51) is connected with the peristaltic pump, and the peristaltic pump is connected with a plurality of second sampling bottles through pipelines and is used for quantitatively conveying the collected water samples into each second sampling bottle so as to realize automatic and continuous sampling of the water.
4. The experimental device for simulating nitrogen and phosphorus release of water sediment according to claim 1, wherein the water flow disturbance assembly (21) comprises a water pumping piece (211), a water inlet pipe (212) and a water outlet pipe (213), the water pumping piece (211) is fixed on a base of the side wall of the water tank (11), a water inlet end of the water pumping piece extends into the water body through the water inlet pipe (212), a water outlet end returns to the water body through the water outlet pipe (213), and valve bodies (214) are arranged on the water inlet pipe (212) and the water outlet pipe (213) and are used for controlling a water flow path and a flow rate.
5. The experimental device for simulating nitrogen and phosphorus release of water sediment according to claim 4, wherein the dosing assembly (31) comprises a dosing water tank (311) and a dosing pipe (312), the dosing water tank (311) is arranged on the outer wall of the water tank (11) and is connected with the water outlet pipe (213) through the dosing pipe (312), and the dosing pipe (312) is provided with the valve body (214) and a flow sensor for accurately controlling the dosing amount and the dosing rate of the liquid medicine.
6. The experimental device for simulating nitrogen and phosphorus release of water sediment according to claim 1, wherein the aeration assembly (22) comprises an air pump (221), an air pipe (222) and an aeration piece (223), the air pump (221) is arranged on one side of the water tank (11), the aeration piece (223) is connected through a plurality of air pipes (222) distributed along the length and/or width direction of the water tank (11), and the aeration piece (223) is connected with the air pipe (222) through a telescopic device (224) and can adjust the depth of the aeration piece in the water according to experimental requirements.
7. The experimental device for simulating nitrogen and phosphorus release of water sediment according to claim 1, wherein the mobile monitoring unit comprises a sliding rail (41) arranged above the water tank (11), a water quality monitor (42) movably connected with the sliding rail (41) through a sliding base, and a measuring probe (43) connected with the water quality monitor (42) and extending into the water body.
8. The experimental device for simulating nitrogen and phosphorus release of water sediment according to claim 1, wherein a sludge discharge hole (12) and a water discharge hole (13) are formed in the bottom of the water tank (11) and are respectively used for discharging sediment and overlying water, and an anti-biological adhesion coating is coated on the inner wall of the water tank (11) so as to inhibit formation and adhesion of a biological film in the experimental process.
9. An experimental method for simulating the release of nitrogen and phosphorus from a water body sediment, which is applied to the experimental device for simulating the release of nitrogen and phosphorus from the water body sediment as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, paving sediment with a certain depth at the bottom of a water tank (11), and injecting the sediment into an overlying water body; S2, setting a target experiment scene through an intelligent regulation and control module (6), and automatically or manually starting a water flow disturbance component (21), an aeration component (22), an illumination component (23) and/or a heating component (24) of an environment simulation unit based on a preset regulation and control strategy so as to simulate the required water body environment condition; S3, starting a mobile monitoring unit, performing real-time mobile or fixed-point monitoring on environmental parameters of the water body through a water quality monitor (42) and a measuring probe (43), and transmitting monitoring data to an intelligent regulation and control module (6) in real time; S4, based on real-time data of the mobile monitoring unit or a preset program, the intelligent regulation and control module (6) controls the dosing assembly (31) of the water quality regulation and control unit to accurately dose the medicament into the water body so as to regulate the water quality of the water body; S5, starting an automatic sampling module, and controlling a water sampling flow path (51) and a sediment gap water sampling flow path (52) to automatically sample according to a preset sampling strategy by an intelligent regulation and control module (6) to respectively collect an overlying water sample and sediment gap water samples with different depths; S6, the intelligent regulation and control module (6) synthesizes the real-time data of the mobile monitoring unit and the offline analysis result of the automatic sampling module, performs data fusion and comprehensive analysis, and can dynamically adjust the operation parameters of the environment simulation unit and the water quality regulation and control unit; and S7, after the experiment is finished, respectively discharging sediment and an overlying water body through a mud hole (12) and a water discharge hole (13) at the bottom of the water tank (11).

Description

Experimental device and experimental method for simulating release of nitrogen and phosphorus in water sediment Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of environmental engineering, in particular to an experimental device and an experimental method for simulating nitrogen and phosphorus release of water sediment. Background Along with the aggravation of the water environment pollution problem, the eutrophication phenomenon of nitrogen and phosphorus in water bodies such as lakes, reservoirs, rivers and the like is more remarkable. The sediment is used as an important reservoir for nutrient salts in the water body, and nitrogen and phosphorus compounds in the sediment can be released under specific hydrodynamic force, dissolved oxygen, temperature and pH conditions, so that the sediment becomes a key endogenous factor for influencing the water quality evolution of the water body. In the research of water pollution mechanism and restoration, the substance exchange process of a bottom mud-overlying water interface is an important link for affecting migration and release of nutrient salts such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like. Scientific researchers usually reproduce physical, chemical and biological conditions of natural water by using a simulation device, and analyze contribution and response rules of sediment to water quality by controlling parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, water flow disturbance, nutrient salt concentration and the like. The existing device for simulating the water sediment comprises a water tank, a water inlet and outlet system, an aeration device, a dosing module, an on-line monitoring unit and a sampling device, wherein the water tank is used for containing sediment and overlying water and is a main area for carrying out substance exchange and environment regulation, the water inlet and outlet system is used for regulating water flow and updating through a circulating pump and a pipeline, the aeration device is arranged at the bottom of the water tank and is used for controlling the dissolved oxygen level, the dosing module is used for quantitatively dosing an acid, alkali or nutrient salt solution so as to regulate physical and chemical parameters of the water, the on-line monitoring unit is provided with a sensor for detecting indexes such as pH, dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential and the like in real time, and the sampling device can collect a water sample. However, the sampling device can only collect the water sample at the top end of the water body, the detection result only reflects the change condition of the water body, the substance migration and conversion process in the bottom mud cannot be accurately reflected, certain deviation exists in the detection data, and the reliability of the detection result is affected. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides an experimental device and an experimental method for simulating nitrogen and phosphorus release of water sediment, which are used for solving the problem that a detection result cannot accurately reflect the migration and conversion processes of substances in sediment and deviation exists in detection data. In a first aspect, the invention provides an experimental apparatus for simulating nitrogen and phosphorus release of sediment in a water body, comprising: the experiment main body unit is used for accommodating the sediment and a water tank of the water body; The environment simulation unit is used for simulating various environment conditions in the water tank and comprises a water flow disturbance component, an aeration component, an illumination component, a heating component and a water supply component, wherein the water flow disturbance component is arranged on the side wall of the water tank, the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the water flow disturbance component extend into the water body; the water quality regulating and controlling unit is used for regulating the water quality in the water tank and comprises a dosing assembly, wherein the dosing assembly is arranged on the outer wall of the water tank, and the output end of the dosing assembly is in fluid communication with the water inlet end of the water flow disturbance assembly; The mobile monitoring unit is used for monitoring water quality at multiple points; The automatic sampling module comprises a water body sampling flow path, a sediment gap water sampling flow path and a sampling module, wherein the water inlet end of the water body sampling flow path extends into the water body, and the water outlet end of the sediment gap water sampling flow path is connected to a plurality of first sampling bottles, and the first sampling bottles are arranged on the outer wall of one side of the water tank; The intelligent regulation and control module is arranged on the sampling terminal, is electrically connected with the environment simulation unit, the water quality regulation and contro