CN-121978304-A - Non-hydrophilic analogue simulation test system and analogue simulation test method

CN121978304ACN 121978304 ACN121978304 ACN 121978304ACN-121978304-A

Abstract

The application provides a non-hydrophilic similarity simulation test system and a similarity simulation test method, wherein the test system comprises a two-dimensional model test bed, a loading device, a first water pressure supply device, a non-hydrophilic similarity model and a detection system, the non-hydrophilic similarity model is made of non-hydrophilic similarity materials, the loading system comprises an example frame and a loading oil cylinder arranged on a counter-force frame, the first water pressure supply device comprises a plurality of bags and a gas supply device for supplying gas to the bags, and the detection system comprises a high-speed camera, a plurality of pressure sensors and a static stress strain test analysis system for analyzing data of the pressure sensors, wherein the high-speed camera is arranged opposite to the non-hydrophilic similarity model. The test system reduces test interference and ensures the repeatability of the test, and the method adopts the test system to simulate, so that the complete process of the working face propulsion can be completely simulated.

Inventors

CHEN XU
LI ZHENHUA
WANG WENQIANG
DU FENG
HUANG YUFENG
SHI JIANXING
Lian Shenshen
Di Shaobo

Assignees

河南理工大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20251222

Claims (10)

1. The non-hydrophilic similarity simulation test system is characterized by comprising a two-dimensional model test bed, a loading device, a first water pressure supply device, a non-hydrophilic similarity model, a sealing structure and a detection system; The two-dimensional model test bed comprises a base (10), a counter-force frame arranged on the base (10), an inner frame fixed on the base (10) and positioned at the inner side of the range of the counter-force frame, and a plurality of transparent plates (20) detachably arranged on the inner frame; The non-hydrophilic similar model is arranged in the base (10) and is made of a non-hydrophilic similar material; The loading device comprises a first transverse oil cylinder (1) arranged on one side of the counterforce frame, a second transverse oil cylinder (2) arranged on the other side of the counterforce frame, a vertical oil cylinder (3) arranged on the top of the counterforce frame, a first push plate (4) used for being padded between the model and the first transverse oil cylinder (1), a second push plate (5) used for being padded between the non-hydrophilic similar model and the second transverse oil cylinder (2), and a loading cover plate (6) used for being padded between the model and the vertical oil cylinder (3); The first water pressure supply device comprises a plurality of bags (11) and an air supply device for supplying air to the bags (11); the second water pressure supply device comprises a nitrogen bottle, a water storage tank and a water pressure control system; The sealing structure comprises a side pressure plate (18) and a middle pressure plate (19) which are detachably arranged on the outer side of the inner frame, and the transparent plate (20) can be pressed and fixed on the inner frame by the side pressure plate (18) and the middle pressure plate (19); the detection system comprises a high-speed camera, a plurality of pressure sensors (13) and a static stress strain test analysis system, wherein the high-speed camera is opposite to the non-hydrophilic similar model, and the static stress strain test analysis system is used for analyzing data of the pressure sensors (13).
2. The non-hydrophilic analogue test system according to claim 1, wherein the non-hydrophilic analogue model raw materials are made of transparent water-based polyurethane, cement and simethicone as cementing agents, fine dry sand and barite powder as aggregates and a proper amount of water, and the proportion is adjusted according to the basic physical and mechanical parameters of each layer of rock stratum.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of creating the non-hydrophilic similarity model comprises: Filling each layer of rock layer similar material into a space surrounded by a base (10), a first push plate (4), a second push plate (5) and transparent plates (20) on two sides, trowelling the top surface of the rock layer similar material to a corresponding height, and scattering mica sheets on the rock layer similar material; In the die filling process, arranging measuring points and simulated faults; And after the model is manufactured, naturally standing until the model is air-dried for 2-3 weeks, and completely drying the model.
4. The non-hydrophilic analogue test system according to claim 3, wherein each layer of rock layer has a thickness of 0.5-3.0 cm, and after each layer of raw materials are uniformly mixed and prepared, filling is completed within 5-10 min.
5. A simulation test method using the non-hydrophilic simulation test system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the simulation test method comprises the steps of constructing a first model by a first hydraulic pressure supply device and excavating to study the rock stratum damage and fault damage activation instability characteristics before and after the working surface on the confined aquifer is pushed through the fault, constructing a second model by a second hydraulic pressure device and excavating to study the water burst mechanism of the fault activation before and after the working surface on the confined aquifer is pushed through the fault, and comprises the following steps: The first stage: S11, paving a non-hydrophilic similar model, arranging measuring points, a simulated fault and a bag (11) in the paving process, wherein the bag (11) is paved in a rock stratum of a simulated aquifer of the non-hydrophilic similar model, the measuring points are arranged in a bed plate stratum of a coal bed to be tested and a upper and lower disc strata of a simulated small fault, white light calcium carbonate is smeared on the front surface of the model as a ground color, and uneven black spots are formed on the front surface of the model by using a writing brush so as to monitor the deformation of the bed plate of the coal bed by using a high-speed camera; S12, after the model is air-dried, air is injected into the bag (11) by using an air supply device, the pressure is kept constant, debugging and balancing operation are carried out on a static stress strain test analysis system, then simulated excavation is carried out, the excavation is carried out for a plurality of times, deformation values of the bottom plate rock stratum after each excavation are analyzed by adopting image analysis software, stress changes are monitored in real time in the model excavation process, the damage condition of the top plate and the bottom plate is continuously observed, and photos are acquired in real time by a high-speed camera; S13, after excavation is finished, analyzing crack expansion, stress and displacement change conditions of the coal seam bottom plate and the small fault; And a second stage: S21, paving a non-hydrophilic similar model, arranging measuring points and simulated faults in the paving process, and sealing joints among transparent plates (20) except the digging position by adopting sealant, wherein the measuring points are arranged in a bottom plate stratum of a coal bed to be tested and in upper and lower disc strata of the simulated fault; S22, after the model is air-dried, water is fed to the bottom of the model by using a second water pressure supply device, the pressure is kept constant, and water in the water-containing layer of the bottom plate flows only through mining cracks; And S23, after the excavation is finished, analyzing the characteristic of delayed water burst of the bottom plate in the process of activating the small fault and guiding the water of the bottom plate.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in step S11, the simulated fault is produced by: And when the fault simulation reaches the pinch-out stage, the steel plates (12) simulating the small faults are extracted one by one, and mixed dry similar materials are injected into the small faults so as to ensure the accuracy and the continuity of the fault simulation.
7. The method for non-hydrophilic similarity simulation test according to claim 6, wherein the manufacturing process of the similar material for the simulated fault is as follows: According to the thickness of the simulated fault, rock particles with different particle sizes are mixed, cement and gypsum are added at the same time, the cement and the gypsum account for 3% -5% of the total mass of the rock particles, the mixed mixture is injected into the fault layer, the rock particles of the simulated fault are selected from three particle size grades of 0-0.5 mm, 0.5-1.0 mm, 1.0-2.0 mm, 2.0-4.0 mm, 4.0-6.0 mm and 6.0-8.0 mm according to the fault characteristics, and the mass of the rock particles of each particle size grade is calculated by adopting a continuous grading formula.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the rock particles are selected to have a particle size distribution of 0.4, 0-0.5 mm, 0.5-1.0 mm, and 1.0-2.0 mm, and the mass fractions of the rock particles are 57.4%, 18.4%, and 24.2%, respectively.
9. The method for simulating the non-hydrophilic similarity test according to claim 6, wherein the size of the non-hydrophilic similarity model is 1000 multiplied by 200mm, the model is excavated from one side of the model, each time 5cm is excavated, 16 times are excavated, the total excavation is 80cm, and the simulated working surface is propelled 160m.
10. The method for non-hydrophilic analog simulation test according to claim 9, wherein: a measuring line is arranged in a stratum of the coal seam floor to be measured, 9 pressure sensors (13) are counted, the distance between every two adjacent pressure sensors (13) is 10cm, 1 pressure measuring line is respectively arranged on the upper disc and the lower disc of the small fault, and the vertical distance between the pressure sensors (13) is 15cm.

Description

Non-hydrophilic analogue simulation test system and analogue simulation test method Technical Field The application relates to the technical field of similarity simulation tests, in particular to a non-hydrophilic similarity simulation test system and a similarity simulation test method. Background With the increasing depth and intensity of coal exploitation, the challenges of mine safety production are also increasing, especially the problem of coal mine water damage. According to statistics, the water burst accident of the eight-ingredient mine in China is closely related to the fracture structure. The characteristics of small fault, short breaking distance, limited broken belt width, poor water conductivity and the like, and the characteristics of strong concealment, large destructiveness and high prediction and prevention and control difficulty of the base plate hysteresis water inrush caused by activation become key problems for restricting the safety exploitation of deep coal resources. Along with the increase of mining depth, the mining activity gradually approaches to the confined aquifer of the bottom plate, the threat of water inrush of the bottom plate is aggravated, the existing geophysical prospecting technology (such as a transient electromagnetic method and a direct current method) can accurately detect the middle and large faults, and water damage prevention and control are carried out by reserving waterproof coal pillars or grouting plugs. But for detection and detection of small faults The water damage prevention and control still has great difficulty, and small faults have the characteristics of strong concealment, small broken bands, certain water blocking capacity and the like, so that fault activation water burst can only occur after mining is disturbed for a certain time, and the small faults have certain hysteresis due to mining stress and bottom plate water pressure damage. The specificity and the hysteresis water bursting mechanism of the small fault have the complexity that on one hand, the small fault presents multi-stage activation characteristics of stress redistribution, crack gradual expansion, seepage erosion and water guide channel penetration under the action of mining stress-seepage coupling due to the particle grading difference, inclination change and good initial closure of the crushing zone, but not the instant water bursting mode of the traditional large fault, and on the other hand, the interaction between a mining path (such as the propelling speed and the mining stopping position) and the heterogeneity (such as the cementing degree and the crushing zone width) of the small fault structure is difficult to dynamically capture in the prior art, so that the dynamic evolution rule of the water bursting channel cannot be accurately depicted by a theoretical model, and the prevention and treatment measures lack pertinence and timeliness. Along with the continuous advancing of the working face and gradually approaching to the small fault, the coal seam roof gradually forms a collapse zone, a fracture zone and a bending sinking zone, the coal seam floor is subjected to concentrated lateral stress of roof strata, certain damage and damage occur, and a floor damage zone is formed in a certain range of the floor and the small fault. After the working face pushes through the fault, the coal seam bottom plate is subjected to mining stress to generate upward bending deformation, and the upper and lower plates slide at the small fault, so that the requirement for water burst is met. In order to reveal the evolution process of the bottom plate and the small fault fracture of the working face under the influence of mining, the invention provides a non-hydrophilic similarity simulation test system and a similarity simulation test method, and aims to observe and monitor the damage characteristics of the bottom plate rock stratum and the small fault of the coal seam under different close distances. And the fracture expansion, stress and displacement change conditions of the coal bed bottom plate and the small fault are analyzed, so that the damage of the working face bottom plate and the activation characteristics of the small fault are mastered. Disclosure of Invention The application aims to provide a non-hydrophilic analogue test system and a analogue test method, which are used for solving or relieving the problems in the prior art. In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical solutions: the non-hydrophilic similarity simulation test system comprises a two-dimensional model test bed, a loading device, a first water pressure supply device, a non-hydrophilic similarity model, a sealing structure and a detection system; The two-dimensional model test bed comprises a base, a counter-force frame arranged on the base, an inner frame fixed on the base and positioned at the inner side of the counter-force frame range, and a plurality of tr