CN-121978308-A - Broken soil slope hydraulic erosion test device and method

CN121978308ACN 121978308 ACN121978308 ACN 121978308ACN-121978308-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydraulic erosion test device and method for a gravelly soil slope, wherein the device comprises a model water tank, a slope model arranged in the model water tank, a water supply assembly connected with the model water tank and a monitoring assembly arranged outside the model water tank, the device has reasonable structural design and stable and reliable operation, a positive feedback mechanism for driving pore structure recombination, skeleton instability and skeleton damage acceleration of fine particle loss is disclosed by a multi-scale test and numerical simulation in the seepage erosion process of the slope model, a progressive degradation rule and a collapsibility instability mechanism of the gravelly soil slope under the seepage erosion effect are further clarified, a new theoretical frame is provided for understanding collapsibility instability of the slope, and the cognitive direction of monitoring and early warning research on the gravelly soil slope is expanded.

Inventors

LIU ZHAOZHAO
An Risheng
BIAN HUANHUAN
DAI HAILONG
CHEN ZHILONG
DENG ZHENGCAI

Assignees

黄淮学院

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260323

Claims (9)

1. The hydraulic erosion test device for the crushed stone soil side slope is characterized by comprising a model water tank (1), a side slope model (2) arranged in the model water tank (1), a water supply assembly (3) connected with the model water tank (1) and a monitoring assembly (4) arranged outside the model water tank (1), wherein the tail end and the top end of the model water tank (1) are both open, the tail end of the model water tank (1) is connected with a tail water collecting tank (10), and the top in the tail water collecting tank (10) is movably clamped with an under-erosion particle collecting net cage (11), and one side, close to the front end, of the interior of the model water tank (1) is provided with a porous water permeable plate (12); the side slope model (2) is arranged in the model water tank (1), and the side slope model (2) is positioned between the porous water permeable plate (12) and the tail water collecting tank (10); The water supply assembly (3) comprises a water supply pipe (30) arranged at the front end of the model water tank (1), a water inlet electromagnetic valve (31) and an electromagnetic flowmeter (32) which are arranged at the joint of the water supply pipe (30) and the model water tank (1), and a flow electric control pump (33) arranged at one end of the water supply pipe (30) far away from the model water tank (1); The monitoring assembly (4) comprises a high-speed camera (40), a laser scanner (41) and a data recorder (42) which are arranged on the side wall of the model water tank (1) respectively, wherein the high-speed camera (40) and the laser scanner (41) are electrically connected with the data recorder (42), a plurality of laser displacement sensors which are electrically connected with the data recorder (42) respectively are distributed on the slope surface of the slope model (2) at equal intervals, and a plurality of pore water pressure sensors and soil pressure sensors which are electrically connected with the data recorder (42) respectively are distributed in the slope model (2) at equal intervals.
2. The hydraulic erosion test device for the gravelly soil slope is characterized in that a model placing box (20) is movably clamped in the model water tank (1), the top end of the model placing box (20) is arranged in an open mode, handles (200) are arranged on two sides of the upper end face of the model placing box (20), through grooves (201) are formed in the front end and the rear end of the model placing box (20), and the slope model (2) is arranged in the model placing box (20).
3. The hydraulic erosion test device for the gravel soil side slope according to claim 1 is characterized in that a water blocking plate (13) is slidably clamped at the front end of the porous water permeable plate (12) inside the model water tank (1), sealing strips movably clamped with the water blocking plate (13) are arranged on the inner side wall of the model water tank (1), and water level scale marks are arranged on the outer side wall of the model water tank (1).
4. The hydraulic erosion test device for the crushed stone soil slope is characterized in that a base (14) is arranged below the model water tank (1), the tail water collecting tank (10) is fixedly connected with the base (14), the rear end of the lower bottom surface of the model water tank (1) is movably hinged with the upper end surface of the base (14), the front end of the lower bottom surface of the model water tank (1) is movably hinged with an electric push rod (5), and the electric push rod (5) is movably hinged with the upper end surface of the base (14).
5. The hydraulic erosion test device for the crushed stone soil slope is characterized in that a positioning assembly (6) is arranged at the rear end of an electric push rod (5) and positioned on the lower bottom surface of a model water tank (1), the positioning assembly (6) comprises two positioning frames (60) which are respectively and movably hinged to the lower bottom surface of the model water tank (1), guide plates (61) which are arranged on the upper end surfaces of a base (14) and are respectively and slidably clamped with the two positioning frames (60) in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and locking rods (62) which are movably connected to the bottom ends of the two positioning frames (60), connecting seats (63) are respectively and rotatably clamped at the bottom ends of the two positioning frames (60), locking blocks (630) are respectively and slidably clamped inside the connecting seats (63), first compression springs (631) which are sleeved outside the locking blocks (630) are respectively are arranged inside the connecting seats (63), two ends of each locking rod (62) penetrate through the two connecting seats (63), locking rods (62) are respectively, locking grooves (620) are respectively arranged on the outer side walls of the locking rods (62), and the two compression sleeves (621) are respectively and are correspondingly connected to the two compression sleeves (621).
6. The hydraulic erosion test device for the crushed stone soil side slope is characterized in that an outer protective box (7) is arranged outside the model water tank (1), a cover plate (70) is movably hinged to the outer side wall of the outer protective box (7), universal wheels (71) are movably hinged to the lower bottom surface of the outer protective box (7), a sliding rail (72) is arranged at the inner bottom surface of the outer protective box (7), and a sliding sleeve (16) in sliding clamping connection with the sliding rail (72) is arranged at the lower bottom surface of the base (1).
7. The hydraulic erosion test device for the crushed stone soil side slope is characterized in that a purifying tank (8) connected with the tail water collecting tank (10) is arranged on the upper end face of the base (1), a filter screen disc (80), a water purifying tank (81) and an adsorption tank (82) are sequentially arranged in the purifying tank (8), purified water filler is filled in the water purifying tank (81), and activated carbon adsorbent is filled in the adsorption tank (82).
8. The method for testing the hydraulic erosion of the gravel soil side slope is based on the device for testing the hydraulic erosion of the gravel soil side slope according to claim 5, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, clamping a model placing box (20) in a model water tank (1), and then arranging a side slope model (2) in the model placing box (20), wherein in the arranging process of the side slope model (2), a plurality of laser displacement sensors are uniformly arranged along the slope surface of the side slope model (2), and a plurality of pore water pressure sensors and soil pressure sensors are uniformly arranged in the side slope model (2); S2, arranging high-speed cameras (40) outside the model water tank (1) and positioned at the top of the front edge, the top of the rear edge and two sides of the slope model (2), arranging a laser scanner (41) outside the model water tank (1), and electrically connecting a laser displacement sensor, a pore water pressure sensor, a soil pressure sensor, the high-speed cameras (40) and the laser scanner (41) with a data recorder (42); s3, introducing external clear water into the model water tank (1) through a water supply pipe (30) by utilizing a flow electric control pump (33), observing the water level height in the model water tank (1) through a water level scale mark on the outer side wall of the model water tank (1), and when the water level height reaches a set value, pulling the water blocking plate (13) upwards to enable water flow to enter the slope model (2) after passing through the porous water permeable plate (12); S4, acquiring the surface deformation condition of the slope model (2) by using a laser displacement sensor, acquiring the change condition of the pore water pressure in the slope model (2) by using a pore water pressure sensor, acquiring the change of the soil pressure in the slope body of the slope model (2) by using a soil pressure sensor, capturing the deformation condition of the slope model (2) in the test process by using a high-speed camera (40), measuring the slope surface and the slope top settlement deformation of the slope model (2) by using a laser scanner (41), recording observation data by using a data recorder (42), collecting seepage corrosion fine particles in the slope model (2) by using a corrosion particle collecting net cage (11), and collecting test tail water by using a tail water collecting pool (10); S5, in the test process, the electric push rod (5) is used for pushing the model water tank (1) to deflect along the base (14), the gradient of the model water tank (1) is adjusted, the destabilization conditions of the gravelly soil slopes under different gradients are studied, in the adjustment process of the model water tank (1), the bottom ends of the two positioning frames (60) slide on the guide plate (61) and approach each other, the connecting seat (63) on the locking rod (62) is always clung to the positioning frame (60) at the corresponding position under the action of the second compression spring (621), and the locking block (630) in the connecting seat (63) is locked with the locking groove (620) on the locking rod (62) in a clamping way under the action of the first compression spring (631); S6, according to monitoring data of a laser displacement sensor, a pore water pressure sensor, a soil pressure sensor, a high-speed camera (40) and a laser scanner (41), basic characteristics of landslide deformation are compared and analyzed, the evolution process from local erosion and progressive damage to overall collapsibility instability of a gravel soil slope is researched, and basic characteristics of collapsibility instability evolution and the variation rules of seepage erosion rate, sedimentation deformation, slope displacement, pore water pressure and soil pressure of the basic characteristics are revealed.
9. The method for testing the hydraulic erosion of the gravelly soil slope according to claim 8, wherein a purifying tank (8) connected with the tail water collecting tank (10) is arranged on the upper end face of the base (1), and a filter screen disc (80), a water purifying tank (81) and an adsorption tank (82) are sequentially arranged inside the purifying tank (8).

Description

Broken soil slope hydraulic erosion test device and method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of geological engineering, in particular to a device and a method for testing hydraulic erosion of a gravel soil slope. Background The natural crushed stone soil is soil with particle diameter of more than 2mm and particle mass of more than 50% of the total weight, and comprises boulder, pebble, gravels, round gravels and boulders from large to small according to the shape and size of the particles. The artificial gravel soil is characterized in that the natural soil is doped with the drifting stone, the lump stone or the pebble, the broken stone or the round gravel and the corner gravel, so that the particle content of the particle size of 20-200 mm is not less than 50%, the particle content of the drifting stone, the lump stone, the pebble, the broken stone, the round gravel and the corner gravel is more than 50%, the broken stone soil is widely applied to high-fill projects due to high strength and low compressibility, but fine particles filled in the broken stone soil are easily taken away by underground water flow to be undermined and destroyed under the action of higher underground water permeability due to different particle sizes and uneven grading, and the risk of slope instability is higher and higher along with the increase of climate change and rainfall frequency. Therefore, the research of the influence of the hydraulic erosion on the stability of the high embankment slope of the gravel soil is of great significance. At present, research on collapse instability of a gravelly soil slope is carried out by multiple isolated analysis on macroscopic displacement or microscopic particle change, the inherent coupling relation of fine particle migration, pore structure evolution, framework instability and integral collapse is difficult to be clarified, and quantitative discrimination standards of various evolution stages are lacking. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a hydraulic erosion test device and method for a gravel soil slope. The technical scheme includes that the hydraulic erosion testing device for the gravelly soil side slope comprises a model water tank, a side slope model arranged in the model water tank, a water supply assembly connected with the model water tank and a monitoring assembly arranged outside the model water tank, wherein the tail end and the top end of the model water tank are both open, a tail water collecting tank is connected to the tail end of the model water tank, and a submerged particle collecting net cage is movably clamped at the top in the tail water collecting tank; The side slope model is arranged in the model water tank and is positioned between the porous water permeable plate and the tail water collecting tank; The water supply assembly comprises a water supply pipe arranged at the front end of the model water tank, a water inlet electromagnetic valve and an electromagnetic flowmeter arranged at the joint of the water supply pipe and the model water tank, and a flow electric control pump arranged at one end of the water supply pipe away from the model water tank; The monitoring assembly comprises high-speed cameras, a laser scanner and a data recorder, wherein the high-speed cameras, the laser scanner and the data recorder are respectively arranged on the side wall of the model water tank, the high-speed cameras and the laser scanner are electrically connected with the data recorder, a plurality of laser displacement sensors respectively electrically connected with the data recorder are distributed on the slope surface of the slope model at equal intervals, a plurality of pore water pressure sensors and soil pressure sensors respectively electrically connected with the data recorder are distributed in the slope model at equal intervals, the high-speed cameras are provided with 4 high-speed cameras, and the 4 high-speed cameras are respectively positioned at the top of the front edge, the top of the rear edge and the two sides of the slope model. Further, a model placing box is movably clamped in the model water tank, the top end of the model placing box is opened, handles are arranged on two sides of the upper end face of the model placing box, and through grooves are formed in the front end and the rear end of the model placing box; the model placing box is arranged in the model water tank, so that the installation and the transfer of the slope model are facilitated, and meanwhile, the collection of the unsteady slope model is facilitated. Further, a water blocking plate is slidably clamped in the model water tank and positioned at the front end of the porous water permeable plate, and a sealing strip movably clamped with the water blocking plate is arranged on the inner side wall of the model water tank; By arranging the water blocking plate, the water level at the front end of the model water