CN-121978708-A - Unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring system for forest carbon sink estimation

CN121978708ACN 121978708 ACN121978708 ACN 121978708ACN-121978708-A

Abstract

The invention discloses an unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring system for forest carbon sink estimation, which comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle flight platform, a multi-sensor module, a data transmission module, an edge calculation module, a cloud server and a carbon reserve estimation module. The multi-sensor module is detachably connected to the unmanned aerial vehicle flight platform and used for synchronously collecting multi-dimensional original data of the forest ecological system, the multi-sensor module at least comprises a laser radar sensor, a hyperspectral sensor, a thermal infrared sensor and a visible light camera, and the edge calculation module is integrated to the unmanned aerial vehicle flight platform. The method can collect multidimensional data such as three-dimensional structures, biochemical characteristics, thermal characteristics, texture characteristics and the like of the forest through fusion of the multisource sensors, provides reliable basic data for estimating the carbon reserves, can realize local real-time processing of the data through the edge calculation module, greatly reduces processing delay, and can ensure estimation accuracy in different scenes according to a forest type optimization model through the carbon reserves estimation module.

Inventors

LI NAN
GAO YUKUN
MENG FANCHONG
Qiu Quecheng

Assignees

苏州职业技术大学(苏州开放大学)

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260209

Claims (10)

1. The unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring system for forest carbon sink estimation is characterized by comprising an unmanned aerial vehicle flight platform, a multi-sensor module, a data transmission module, an edge calculation module, a cloud server and a carbon reserve estimation module; The multi-sensor module is detachably connected to the unmanned aerial vehicle flight platform and is used for synchronously collecting multi-dimensional original data of a forest ecological system, the multi-sensor module at least comprises a laser radar sensor, a hyperspectral sensor, a thermal infrared sensor and a visible light camera, the edge calculation module is integrated to the unmanned aerial vehicle flight platform and is used for carrying out real-time preprocessing and fusion on the multi-dimensional original data collected by the multi-sensor module, the cloud server is used for storing a forest basic database and a model parameter library and providing data support and calculation guarantee for the carbon reserve estimation module, and the carbon reserve estimation module is used for realizing accurate identification of forest types and targeted carbon reserve estimation.
2. The unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring system for forest carbon sink estimation according to claim 1, wherein the unmanned aerial vehicle flight platform is provided with a flight control module capable of planning an optimal flight path according to forest terrain data and vegetation height data.
3. The unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring system for forest carbon sink estimation according to claim 1, wherein the multi-sensor module further comprises a synchronous control unit, and the synchronous control unit adopts a GPS-Beidou dual-mode time service and hardware trigger signal linkage mechanism and is used for controlling the laser radar sensor, the hyperspectral sensor, the thermal infrared sensor and the visible light camera to synchronously acquire data under the same time stamp.
4. The unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring system for forest carbon sink estimation according to claim 3, wherein the synchronous control unit is integrated with an attitude compensation module, can receive unmanned aerial vehicle attitude sensing data in real time, and spatially registers acquired data of the laser radar sensor, the hyperspectral sensor, the thermal infrared sensor and the visible light camera through a coordinate conversion algorithm.
5. The unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring system for forest carbon sink estimation according to claim 1, wherein the data transmission module supports 5G and WiFi communication and is provided with USB and HDMI standardized interfaces for data local export and device debugging.
6. The unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring system for forest carbon sink estimation according to claim 1 is characterized in that the preprocessing process of the edge computing module comprises the steps of denoising laser radar point cloud data by adopting a self-adaptive median filtering algorithm, dynamically adjusting a filtering window according to the point cloud density, preprocessing hyperspectral data by adopting radiation correction and FLAASH atmospheric correction algorithms, eliminating sensor errors and atmospheric interference, enhancing visible light images by adopting a CLAHE histogram equalization algorithm, improving shadow area details, and carrying out precision correction on thermal infrared data by adopting a blackbody calibration and atmospheric transmittance correction algorithm.
7. An unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring system for forest carbon sink estimation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the forest base database comprises a forest type sample library, a geographical environment database and a measured data verification library; The forest type sample library comprises at least 20 multi-sensor labeling feature samples of forest types, and the geographic environment database comprises climate data, soil carbon library data and topography data of different areas; The model parameter library stores carbon reserve estimation models and dynamic parameters corresponding to different forest types and different growth stages, and the dynamic parameters at least comprise biomass expansion factors, organ carbon-containing coefficients, rhizome ratios and light energy utilization efficiency.
8. The unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring system for forest carbon sink estimation according to claim 7, wherein the carbon reserve estimation module comprises a forest type identification unit and a multi-model selection unit, the forest type identification unit adopts an improved U-Net network model, takes the fusion characteristic spectrum output by the edge calculation module as input, and combines a forest type sample library for training to realize the pixel level segmentation and identification of a forest type.
9. The unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring system for forest carbon sink estimation according to claim 8, wherein the multi-model selection unit comprises a model fusion module for fusing the carbon reserve estimation results of different types by using a weighted fusion algorithm when a plurality of forest types are mixed in the monitoring area.
10. An unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring system for forest carbon sink estimation according to claim 1, further comprising a visualization module for displaying forest carbon reserve distribution, forest type distribution and monitoring data quality in the form of three-dimensional maps, thermodynamic diagrams and statistical tables.

Description

Unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring system for forest carbon sink estimation Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental monitoring, and particularly relates to an unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring system for forest carbon sink estimation. Background The core of forest carbon reserve estimation is to accurately acquire forest biomass, and deduce carbon reserve through a conversion coefficient of biomass and carbon reserve. The traditional forest carbon reserve estimation method is mainly divided into two types, namely a field sample area investigation method and a satellite remote sensing monitoring method. The method has the advantages of high accuracy, but has the inherent defects of high labor intensity, long time consumption, limited coverage range, poor accessibility of remote complex terrains and the like, and cannot meet the requirement of large-scale and dynamic carbon reserve monitoring. The satellite remote sensing monitoring method utilizes multispectral and hyperspectral data acquired by satellites, inverts forest biomass through vegetation indexes, has the advantages of wide coverage range and short monitoring period, is limited by spatial resolution, is difficult to accurately identify single tree information, is easily interfered by cloud layers and atmosphere, and has lower estimation accuracy in complex terrain areas. In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing technology is gradually applied to forest carbon reserve monitoring, and in the prior art, a single sensor is carried on an unmanned aerial vehicle to obtain forest parameters, and a traditional biomass model is combined to estimate carbon reserve. For example, CN117893931a discloses a carbon reserve monitoring method and system based on UAV-LS, acquiring the above-ground vegetation volume through lidar point cloud data, and calculating the carbon reserve in combination with the wood base density and carbon-containing coefficient. However, the system only depends on laser radar data, the influence of vegetation spectral information and environmental parameters on carbon reserve estimation is not considered, the data processing depends on a ground end, the problems that the processing delay is high and the result cannot be output in real time exist, and meanwhile, the vegetation growth characteristic differences of different forest types and different geographic areas are not considered, so that the estimation accuracy under diversified forest scenes is difficult to guarantee. Therefore, in view of the above technical problems, it is necessary to provide an unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring system for forest carbon sink estimation. The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide an unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring system for forest carbon sink estimation, which can solve the problems of single data acquisition, high processing delay and poor diversity adaptation of the existing system. In order to achieve the above object, a specific embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solution: An unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring system for forest carbon sink estimation comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle flight platform, a multi-sensor module, a data transmission module, an edge calculation module, a cloud server and a carbon reserve estimation module. The multi-sensor module is detachably connected to the unmanned aerial vehicle flight platform and is used for synchronously collecting multi-dimensional original data of a forest ecological system, the multi-sensor module at least comprises a laser radar sensor, a hyperspectral sensor, a thermal infrared sensor and a visible light camera, the edge calculation module is integrated to the unmanned aerial vehicle flight platform and is used for carrying out real-time preprocessing and fusion on the multi-dimensional original data collected by the multi-sensor module, the cloud server is used for storing a forest basic database and a model parameter library and providing data support and calculation guarantee for the carbon reserve estimation module, and the carbon reserve estimation module is used for realizing accurate identification of forest types and targeted carbon reserve estimation. In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the unmanned aerial vehicle flight platform is provided with a flight control module, which can plan an optimal flight path according to forest terrain data and vegetation height data. In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the multi-sensor module further includes a synchronization control unit, where the synchronization control unit adopts a GPS-beidou dual-mod