CN-121979327-A - Thermal management method and device for micro-nano composite phase change material for energy storage equipment

CN121979327ACN 121979327 ACN121979327 ACN 121979327ACN-121979327-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a thermal management method and a thermal management device for micro-nano composite phase change materials for energy storage equipment, which are used for constructing a phase change management structure layer, wherein the phase change management structure layer comprises a structured composite phase change material with gradient heat conductivity, a distributed embedded sensor network and an energy self-regulating interface layer arranged between the phase change material and an external radiator, a thermal state monitoring dataset is built based on first temperature gradient distribution, first heat flux density and phase change state information acquired by the sensor network in real time, state evaluation is carried out through a phase change material state evaluation algorithm based on the thermal state monitoring dataset to obtain a state evaluation result, and a control instruction is generated through a multi-target optimal control strategy based on the state evaluation result so as to dynamically regulate the thermal resistance state of the energy self-regulating interface layer. The invention realizes high-efficiency conduction and uniform distribution of heat, realizes optimal comprehensive performance and improves heat management efficiency.

Inventors

GU YI
LI ZHENGRONG
YAO SIXU
CHENG QIAN
LIU WEI
XU RUOCHEN
SUN ZHOUTING
SONG JISHUO
YAN YUNLING
ZHANG FUXIN
CHEN WENBO
CAO XI
WANG JIANXING
LIU CHENGHAO
LEI HAODONG
ZHOU LIREN
LIU BO
LI XIAOCHEN
LIU MINGYI
CAO CHUANZHAO
WANG YANLING

Assignees

华能国际电力股份有限公司上海石洞口第二电厂
中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20251215

Claims (10)

1. A method for thermal management of micro-nano composite phase change materials for energy storage devices, the method comprising: Constructing a phase change management structure layer, wherein the phase change management structure layer comprises a structured composite phase change material with gradient heat conductivity, a distributed embedded sensor network and an energy self-regulating interface layer arranged between the phase change material and an external radiator; Acquiring first temperature gradient distribution, first heat flux density and phase change state information of the phase change material in real time through the sensor network, and establishing a heat state monitoring data set based on the first temperature gradient distribution, the first heat flux density and the phase change state information; based on the thermal state monitoring data set, performing state evaluation through a phase change material state evaluation algorithm to obtain a state evaluation result; Based on the state evaluation result, a control instruction is generated through a multi-target optimization control strategy so as to dynamically adjust the thermal resistance state of the energy self-regulating interface layer.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the energy self-regulating interface layer employs a shape memory alloy based intelligent thermal switch structure, wherein the intelligent thermal switch structure comprises a shape memory alloy spring drive system, a multi-layer composite thermal interface, and an elastic support buffer mechanism; the shape memory alloy spring driving system adopts nickel-titanium-based alloy materials with a double-pass shape memory effect; The multi-layer composite heat conduction interface is made of a high heat conduction copper-based composite material, the surface of the interface is subjected to micro-nano structure treatment, and two sides of the interface are respectively and tightly attached to the phase change material and the external radiator; The elastic support buffer mechanism is made of ceramic materials with low heat conductivity coefficients, and provides stable reverse support force when the shape memory alloy spring is not activated.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor network comprises an array of optical fiber temperature sensors, a micro heat flow sensor, and a phase change state detection unit disposed on different functional layers of the phase change material, wherein the acquiring, in real time, the first temperature gradient distribution, the first heat flow density, and the phase change state information of the phase change material by the sensor network comprises: the optical fiber temperature sensor array adopts a wavelength division multiplexing technology, and a plurality of measuring points are arranged on a single optical fiber to continuously monitor the temperature gradient in the thickness direction of the phase change material, so that first temperature gradient distribution is obtained; the miniature heat flow sensor is based on the Seebeck effect principle, and a thin film thermopile structure is adopted to directly measure the first heat flow density passing through each functional layer; and identifying the starting point and the ending point of the phase change process by analyzing the transient thermal response characteristic of the material through the phase change state detection unit in combination with active thermal excitation and passive temperature monitoring, and determining the starting point and the ending point of the phase change process as the phase change state information of the phase change material.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the establishing a thermal state monitoring dataset based on the first temperature gradient profile, the first heat flux density, and the phase change state information comprises: Identifying abnormal data points of the first temperature gradient distribution and the first heat flux density through cross verification, and filling by utilizing a data reconstruction algorithm to form complete second temperature gradient distribution and second heat flux density; Denoising and filtering the second temperature gradient distribution and the second heat flux density by adopting a wavelet transformation algorithm to obtain a third temperature gradient distribution and a third heat flux density; Performing time sequence analysis on the third temperature gradient distribution, and extracting thermal state characteristic parameters including phase change platform characteristics, temperature rise rate characteristics and spatial temperature distribution characteristics; a thermal state monitoring dataset is established based on the third temperature gradient distribution, the third heat flux density, the phase change state information, and the thermal state characteristic parameter.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein performing a state evaluation by a phase change material state evaluation algorithm based on the thermal state monitoring dataset to obtain a state evaluation result comprises: Constructing a heat flow distribution calculation model based on the third temperature gradient distribution in the thermal state monitoring data set and the heat conductivity coefficient parameters of each functional layer of the phase change material; carrying out stabilization solving on the heat flow distribution calculation model by adopting a regularization optimization algorithm to obtain a heat flow density vector field in the whole phase change material body at any moment, and generating a distribution cloud picture of heat flow distribution based on the heat flow density vector field; Based on the temperature time sequence data in the distribution cloud chart, the starting point and the ending point of the phase change process in the thermal state monitoring data set and the phase change platform characteristics, a phase change interface propulsion rate calculation model is established; tracking an evolution track of the phase-change interface in the phase-change interface propulsion rate calculation model by a level set method, processing a latent heat release effect in a phase-change process by combining an enthalpy method model, and real-time reversing the propulsion rate of the phase-change interface by using a numerical solution method of a moving boundary problem; constructing a residual heat storage capacity assessment model based on the heat flow distribution in the distribution cloud chart and the propulsion rate of the phase change interface; obtaining an estimated value of the residual heat storage capacity based on the residual heat storage capacity estimation model; and determining the distribution cloud image of the heat flow distribution, the propulsion rate of the phase change interface and the estimated value of the residual heat storage capacity as a state estimation result.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein generating control instructions to dynamically adjust the thermal resistance state of the energy self-regulating interface layer by a multi-objective optimization control strategy based on the state evaluation result comprises: Constructing a multi-objective optimization problem which takes the thermal resistance state of an energy self-regulating interface layer as a control variable, takes the heat flow distribution uniformity, the phase change interface propulsion rate stability and the residual heat storage capacity availability as optimization targets, and comprises temperature constraint, energy consumption constraint and equipment service life constraint; Based on the state evaluation result, quantifying through a fuzzy reasoning mechanism to obtain a thermal uniformity control demand level, an energy consumption control demand level and a life protection demand level; Dynamically adjusting the weight coefficient of each optimization target in the multi-target optimization problem by adopting a self-adaptive weight distribution method based on the working mode of the energy storage equipment and each demand level; Based on a model predictive control framework, solving the multi-objective optimization problem by using the current state evaluation result and the dynamically adjusted weight coefficient through a rolling optimization algorithm to obtain an optimal control sequence of the thermal resistance state of the energy self-regulating interface layer in the future time domain, and generating an optimal control instruction at the current moment.
7. A thermal management device for micro-nano composite phase change material for energy storage equipment, the device comprising: The construction module is used for constructing a phase change management structure layer, wherein the phase change management structure layer comprises a structured composite phase change material with gradient heat conductivity, a distributed embedded sensor network and an energy self-regulating interface layer arranged between the phase change material and an external radiator; The building module is used for acquiring first temperature gradient distribution, first heat flow density and phase change state information of the phase change material in real time through the sensor network, and building a heat state monitoring data set based on the first temperature gradient distribution, the first heat flow density and the phase change state information; The state evaluation module is used for performing state evaluation through a phase change material state evaluation algorithm based on the thermal state monitoring data set to obtain a state evaluation result; And the control module is used for generating a control instruction through a multi-target optimization control strategy based on the state evaluation result so as to dynamically adjust the thermal resistance state of the energy self-regulating interface layer.
8. The device of claim 7, wherein the energy self-regulating interface layer employs a shape memory alloy based intelligent thermal switch structure, wherein the intelligent thermal switch structure comprises a shape memory alloy spring drive system, a multi-layer composite thermal interface, and an elastic support buffer mechanism; the shape memory alloy spring driving system adopts nickel-titanium-based alloy materials with a double-pass shape memory effect; The multi-layer composite heat conduction interface is made of a high heat conduction copper-based composite material, the surface of the interface is subjected to micro-nano structure treatment, and two sides of the interface are respectively and tightly attached to the phase change material and the external radiator; The elastic support buffer mechanism is made of ceramic materials with low heat conductivity coefficients, and provides stable reverse support force when the shape memory alloy spring is not activated.
9. An electronic device, comprising: at least one processor, and A memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor, wherein, The memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1-6.
10. A computer storage medium having stored thereon computer executable instructions which, when executed by a processor, are capable of carrying out the method of any one of claims 1-6.

Description

Thermal management method and device for micro-nano composite phase change material for energy storage equipment Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of thermal management, in particular to a thermal management method and device of a micro-nano composite phase change material for energy storage equipment. Background With the large-scale grid connection of renewable energy sources and the rapid development of electric automobiles, the importance of electrochemical energy storage systems (such as lithium ion batteries, super capacitors and the like) as key energy source adjusting and buffering units is increasingly highlighted. However, the energy storage device can continuously generate heat in the charge and discharge process, so that the temperature is increased, the aging of the battery can be accelerated, the thermal runaway is induced, the permanent damage and even the safety accident are caused, and the internal stress is concentrated due to the uneven temperature, so that the service life of the device is shortened. Based on this, there is a need for efficient and reliable thermal management systems to ensure that the energy storage system operates stably and for a long period of time. The phase change material utilizes the characteristic that the phase change material absorbs or releases a large amount of latent heat in the phase change process, and provides an efficient passive temperature control scheme for thermal management. Specifically, when the phase change material is applied to heat management of energy storage equipment, the phase change material can absorb heat when the temperature rises, delay the temperature rise, release heat when the temperature is reduced, and maintain the temperature stable, so that peak clipping and valley filling of the temperature are realized. However, the traditional phase-change material has poor heat conductivity coefficient, so that heat cannot be quickly conducted and uniformly distributed in the material, local hot spots are generated, and the heat storage and release efficiency is limited. And, traditional thermal management system adopts simple on-off control or PID control based on fixed threshold to start and stop active heat dissipation equipment (such as fan, liquid cooling pump, etc.), but the control mode response is lagged, is difficult to adapt to the thermal load of dynamic change, and can't realize effective collaborative optimization, leads to thermal management inefficiency. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides a thermal management method and a thermal management device for micro-nano composite phase change materials for energy storage equipment, which are used for solving the technical problems that heat cannot be efficiently conducted and uniformly distributed, the comprehensive performance is low and the thermal management efficiency is low in the related technology. In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a thermal management method of a micro-nano composite phase change material for an energy storage device, the method comprising: Constructing a phase change management structure layer, wherein the phase change management structure layer comprises a structured composite phase change material with gradient heat conductivity, a distributed embedded sensor network and an energy self-regulating interface layer arranged between the phase change material and an external radiator; Acquiring first temperature gradient distribution, first heat flux density and phase change state information of the phase change material in real time through the sensor network, and establishing a heat state monitoring data set based on the first temperature gradient distribution, the first heat flux density and the phase change state information; based on the thermal state monitoring data set, performing state evaluation through a phase change material state evaluation algorithm to obtain a state evaluation result; Based on the state evaluation result, a control instruction is generated through a multi-target optimization control strategy so as to dynamically adjust the thermal resistance state of the energy self-regulating interface layer. The thermal management method of the micro-nano composite phase change material for the energy storage equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention can also have the following additional technical characteristics: in one embodiment of the invention, the energy self-regulating interface layer adopts an intelligent thermal switch structure based on shape memory alloy, wherein the intelligent thermal switch structure comprises a shape memory alloy spring driving system, a multi-layer composite heat conduction interface and an elastic support buffer mechanism; the shape memory alloy spring driving system adopts nickel-titanium-based alloy materials with a double-pass shape memory effect; The multi-layer composite heat conductio