CN-121979806-A - Main control device of solid state disk

CN121979806ACN 121979806 ACN121979806 ACN 121979806ACN-121979806-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a main control device of a solid state disk, and belongs to the technical field of solid state disks. The intelligent hierarchical data storage system adopts a hybrid storage architecture, comprises a controller, a nonvolatile storage medium, a volatile storage medium and a plurality of NAND flash memories, wherein the nonvolatile storage medium and the volatile storage medium are used in a hybrid mode and are stored in a classified mode according to data characteristics, and the nonvolatile storage medium and the volatile storage medium are integrated into the same address space through the controller to realize intelligent hierarchical management of data. The host writes data directly in the nonvolatile medium, the metadata is stored in the volatile medium, and the data is automatically flushed down the NAND flash memory when the data volume reaches a set threshold. According to the invention, an external capacitor is not needed, the backup power-free data protection is realized through hardware architecture innovation, the material cost is obviously reduced by 20% -40%, the PCB layout space is released, and meanwhile, the data loss risk caused by capacitor aging is fundamentally eliminated.

Inventors

XIONG WEI
MA YI
YANG WANYUN

Assignees

芯盛智能科技(湖南)有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260408

Claims (10)

1. The solid state disk main control device is characterized by comprising a controller, wherein the controller is connected with a nonvolatile storage medium, a volatile storage medium and a plurality of NAND flash memories, mixes the nonvolatile storage medium and the volatile storage medium for use, and performs classified storage according to the characteristics of data; the nonvolatile storage medium is used for caching data written by the host, and when the external power supply is abnormally powered down, the data is cached by utilizing nonvolatile characteristics without an external capacitor; The volatile storage medium is used for storing metadata of the solid state disk; the NAND flash memory is used for storing data in a lasting mode; The controller maps the nonvolatile storage medium and the volatile storage medium to different address ranges of the same linear address space, caches data written by a host by using the nonvolatile storage medium, and when the cached data quantity is accumulated to reach a preset threshold value, the cached data is downward flushed to the NAND flash memory, and the data address mapping relation generated by the controller is stored in the volatile storage medium.
2. The solid state disk main control device of claim 1, wherein the nonvolatile storage medium is externally arranged outside the controller and is connected with the controller through a DDR interface.
3. The solid state disk main control device of claim 1, wherein the nonvolatile storage medium is MRAM, PRAM or FRAM.
4. The solid state disk main control device according to claim 1, wherein the volatile storage medium is DRAM or SRAM.
5. The solid state disk main control device according to claim 1, wherein the linear address space is divided into a first address range and a second address range, wherein the nonvolatile storage medium is mapped to the first address range, the volatile storage medium is mapped to the second address range, and the first address range and the second address range are non-overlapping.
6. The solid state disk main control device according to claim 5, wherein the first address range corresponds to a high address area, the second address range corresponds to a low address area, and the controller performs address mapping in an initialization stage.
7. The solid state disk main control device according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined threshold is an amount of data required for one-time programming of the NAND flash memory.
8. The solid state disk main control device of claim 1 wherein the metadata comprises an FTL mapping table for recording mapping relation between host logical addresses and NAND physical addresses.
9. The solid state disk main control device of claim 1, wherein the nonvolatile storage medium and the controller are packaged in the same package structure.
10. The main control device of solid state disk as set forth in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the controller is further connected with a power management chip.

Description

Main control device of solid state disk Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of solid state disks, in particular to a solid state disk main control device. Background The enterprise-level solid state disk is widely applied to key scenes such as data centers, servers and the like, and high performance and data reliability are required to be ensured. Existing enterprise-level solid state drives typically take a variety of configurations, such as 2.5 inch, m.2 (including 2242 (22 mm wide by 42mm long) and 2280 (22 mm wide by 80mm long)) and U.2. In order to ensure that data is not lost to ensure performance and data reliability when abnormal power failure occurs, no exception is given to the design of DRAM-BASE (with DRAM) plus external capacitor. In the scheme, the DRAM is used as a volatile storage medium and is mainly used for caching data written by a host and storing metadata (such as an FTL mapping table) of a solid state disk so as to improve the data reading and writing performance, the external capacitor is used as a standby unit, when an external power supply is disconnected abnormally, temporary power is provided by discharging the capacitor, and the cached data in the DRAM is flushed down to a nonvolatile NAND flash memory so as to realize data persistence. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a typical structure of a conventional enterprise-level solid state disk, where the prior art includes a controller, a DRAM, a NAND flash memory, and a plurality of external capacitors. The controller is responsible for data flow management and address mapping, the DRAM is used for cache, and the capacitor bank needs to provide 60-100 milliseconds of standby power time to support the data scrubbing process. In the existing scheme, a capacitor is used on a board level to provide standby power, in order to ensure that the standby power time meets the requirement of the controller for brushing cache data, a support system is required to continuously run for 60-100 milliseconds after power failure, and the standby power capacitor needs 6-12 different capacitors according to different capacitor specifications and power consumption of the whole disk, so that the following problems are brought: 1. The cost of the capacitor itself increases the overall cost of the disk. Part of the product form (e.g., m.2) adopts a tantalum capacitor scheme in order to save layout space as much as possible. And some of these products also use higher gauge tantalum capacitors to meet wide temperature applications. The cost of the capacitor is usually high, and the cost of basically 6 capacitors can almost increase the cost of one 240G solid state disk by 20% -40%. 2. The capacitor occupies the hardware board space. Like the M.2 2242 board type, the space itself is small, and after the layout space meets the board-mounted DRAM and NAND, enough space cannot be provided for the required capacitor to discharge (the SSD product with the DRAM and the capacitor m.2 2242 is not seen in the market at present). 3. The reliability of the capacitor is at risk. The capacitor itself has a specification of the number of charges and discharges, and the capacitor decays more (decays about 20% -40%) as it is used at the end of life. Overall, the use of capacitors can present some systematic reliability risks to the solid state drive to some extent. Of course, some solid state disks are also available on the market, on one hand, the volatile memory of DRAM or SRAM is used to cache the data written by the host, and on the other hand, no capacitor is used to ensure the power backup data to be refreshed when the external power fails abnormally. The product of the technology can inevitably cause the host write data cached by the controller to be lost when external abnormal power failure occurs. Systems using this technology product can only be used to store some non-critical data, which could have disastrous consequences. The invention provides an enterprise-level solid state disk main control technology and a product solution which can ensure the performance of a hard disk, can not use an external capacitor and can also ensure the data reliability storage by packaging a controller of the solid state disk and a novel storage medium such as an MRAM together and combining a firmware technology. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a solid state disk main control device. The invention aims at realizing the technical scheme that the solid state disk main control device comprises a controller, wherein the controller is connected with a nonvolatile storage medium, a volatile storage medium and a plurality of NAND flash memories, mixes the nonvolatile storage medium and the volatile storage medium for use and performs classified storage according to the characteristics of data; the nonvolatile storage medium is used for caching data written by the host, and when the external power suppl