CN-121980652-A - BIM-based straight brick wall layout optimization method and device

CN121980652ACN 121980652 ACN121980652 ACN 121980652ACN-121980652-A

Abstract

The invention provides a BIM-based straight brick wall layout optimization method and device, wherein the method comprises the steps of obtaining geometric parameters and brick sizes of brick walls, arranging paired coordinated bricks with adjustable lengths at two ends of each brick wall, and keeping synchronous change of the lengths of odd and even layers so as to adapt to the lengths of non-modular walls and meet staggered joint lap joint specifications; the method comprises the steps of establishing a rectangular coordinate system by taking the left lower corner of a wall body as an origin, constructing a ternary orthogonal layout model through key point offset to form a parameterized layout model, carrying out iterative optimization on a multi-target fitness function by taking the horizontal mortar joint thickness, the brick layer number, the coordinated brick length and the like as decision variables and adopting a social network search algorithm, carrying out discretization on continuous quantity to obtain optimal layout parameters, and automatically generating a brick wall model in BIM software through self-adaptive brick families and reference points according to the optimal layout parameters. The invention realizes the accurate and automatic design of the masonry wall layout, effectively reduces the material waste and improves the construction quality and efficiency.

Inventors

ZHAO XIN
LI RAN
RUAN YUHUI
HU BOWEN
ZHAO YONGFEI
WU XIN
ZHANG ZHIQIANG
YANG ZHEN
QI ZHENYU
LIU YANGTAO
GUO ZIJIAN

Assignees

国网北京市电力公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260115

Claims (10)

1. A method for optimizing a straight brick wall layout based on BIM, the method comprising: obtaining the wall length, the wall height and the dimension parameters of standard bricks of a target straight brick wall, setting the allowable range of vertical and horizontal mortar joint thickness, setting paired coordination bricks at two ends of each brick wall, wherein the length of each coordination brick is adjustable in a preset discrete interval determined based on the relationship between the wall length and the brick length, the lengths of the coordination bricks of an odd layer and an even layer are synchronously changed, and the combined arrangement of the end bricks of the odd layer and the even layer and the coordination bricks meets the staggered joint overlapping requirement specified by the masonry specification; Constructing a rectangular coordinate system by taking the left lower corner of a wall body as an origin of coordinates, determining coordinates of key points based on a geometric boundary of the wall body and an arrangement relation of end bricks of an odd-even layer, positioning and coordinating positions of the bricks and the middle whole bricks through offset processing, establishing a ternary orthogonal layout model taking transverse, vertical and end offset as three-dimensional orthogonal quantities, and generating a parameterized layout model describing the arrangement relation of the whole-face straight brick walls based on the ternary orthogonal layout model; According to the parameterized layout model, taking discrete decision variable vectors comprising horizontal mortar joint thickness, brick layer number, coordinated brick length, odd-numbered layer and even-numbered layer middle whole brick number as population individuals, adopting a social network search algorithm to conduct iterative optimization on the population individuals in a preset search space based on the target fitness function, calculating fitness values of various population individuals according to the multi-target fitness function in an iterative process and updating the population to obtain optimal layout parameters meeting masonry geometric constraints, and adopting discretization processing on intermediate calculation results related to continuous quantities in the iterative process; And pre-establishing self-adaptive brick families of whole bricks, seven-division bricks and coordinated bricks in BIM software, selecting side lines corresponding to the wall length and the wall height as horizontal reference lines and vertical reference lines, generating placement reference points of each skin brick and each brick on the reference lines according to the optimal layout parameters, calling the self-adaptive brick families to enable the bricks to be automatically arranged according to the reference points and adaptively adjust the brick lengths, and generating a straight brick wall BIM model consistent with the optimal layout parameters.
2. The BIM-based straight brick wall layout optimization method according to claim 1, wherein the arrangement of the odd and even tier end bricks satisfies at least one of the following layout scenarios: the odd-numbered layer end is a T-shaped brick with the length equal to the width of the standard brick, and the even-numbered layer end is a seventh-divided brick; The odd-numbered layer end is a seven-division brick, and the even-numbered layer end is a T-shaped brick with the length equal to the width of the standard brick; the length of the seventh brick is four seventh of the standard whole brick length, and the coordinating brick is positioned at two ends of each skin brick and is arranged adjacent to the end seventh brick or the T brick.
3. The BIM-based straight brick wall layout optimization method of claim 1, wherein the discrete decision variable vector is denoted as [ x 1 ,x 2 ,x 3 ,x 4 ,x 5 ], wherein: x 1 is the thickness of the horizontal mortar joint, and is the discrete value of 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, 11mm and 12 mm; x 2 is the number of brick skins, an integer satisfying x 2 = H w / (h b + x 1 ); x 3 is the length of the coordinated brick, and is an integer within the interval [90mm,190mm ]; x 4 is the number of middle integral bricks of odd layers, which is interval [0, (L) w 2 x 3 L b′ )/(l b + d l ) ] is an integer within; x 5 is the number of middle integral bricks of even layers, which is interval [0, (L) w 2 x 3 W b )/(l b + d l ) ] is an integer within; Wherein H w is the wall height, H b is the brick height, l b is the whole brick length, l b′ is the seventh brick length, and d l is the vertical seam thickness.
4. The BIM-based straight brick wall layout optimization method according to claim 1, wherein the multi-objective fitness function includes the following five objective terms: deviation P 1 of transverse layout length and wall length of odd-layer bricks; Deviation P 2 of horizontal layout length of even-numbered bricks and wall length; deviation P 3 of longitudinal layout height of bricks and wall height; the number of the brick layers of the whole brick wall is P 4 ; Deviation P 5 of the horizontal mortar joint thickness from a preset target mortar joint thickness; the multi-objective fitness function is obtained by carrying out linear weighted summation on the five objective items after normalization processing.
5. The BIM-based straight brick wall layout optimization method according to claim 4, wherein weights of P 1 to P 5 are determined by adopting a hierarchical analysis method, an index system evaluation model comprising an odd-layer brick layout, an even-layer brick layout, a longitudinal brick layout, a brick layer number and a mortar joint thickness is constructed, and a weight vector omega= [0.3621,0.3621,0.1607,0.0389,0.0762] is obtained by judging a matrix eigenvalue method And the weight coefficient is used as the weight coefficient of the linear weighted summation after consistency test.
6. The BIM-based straight brick wall layout optimization method of claim 1, wherein the social network search algorithm comprises the iterative updating operations of: Initializing population individuals in a preset search boundary and calculating a fitness value; Randomly selecting at least one of four behavior patterns of imitation, dialogue, dispute and innovation, and updating population individuals, wherein the imitation adjusts the individual position through the influence degree and popularity degree of the concerned individuals, the dialogue updates the individual position through the individual fitness difference and the viewpoint difference, the dispute adjusts the individual position through the population average viewpoint and the permission factor, and the innovation generates new individuals by introducing random disturbance in random dimension; And recalculating the fitness value after each behavior mode update and updating the global optimal solution until the maximum iteration number or convergence condition is reached.
7. The BIM-based straight brick wall layout optimization method according to claim 6, wherein, In the iterative optimization process of the social network searching algorithm, discretizing continuous variables related to the horizontal mortar joint thickness, the brick skin number, the coordinated brick length and the number of integral bricks in the middle of the odd-even layer by adopting a Gaussian function; two adjacent integer candidate values are generated for each continuous variable, and an integer closest to the original continuous value is selected as a discrete decision variable value of the dimension by utilizing Gaussian operation.
8. The BIM-based straight brick wall layout optimization method according to claim 7, wherein the adaptive brick families of whole, seventh and harmonized bricks are created in BIM software supporting the adaptive components and the following steps are performed by a visual programming tool: constructing an equidistant sequence based on the brick height h_b and the vertical mortar joint thickness d_l, and generating vertical layout reference points of the leather bricks on a vertical reference line; According to the number of the middle integral bricks in the odd layers and the even layers in the optimal layout parameters and the length of the coordinated bricks, calculating the transverse distance of each brick in each skin brick, and generating transverse layout reference points on a horizontal reference line; And generating positioning points of each brick in the layout plane according to the vertical layout reference points and the horizontal layout reference points, and calling the self-adaptive brick family to automatically generate brick components according to the positioning points.
9. The method for optimizing the layout of the straight brick wall based on the BIM according to claim 8, wherein the visual programming tool obtains the horizontal mortar joint thickness, the number of brick layers, the coordinated brick length and the number of middle integral bricks of the odd-even layer of each skin brick by reading an external table file summarizing the optimal layout parameters, maps the parameters into four placement point coordinates of each brick in a layout plane, loads the self-adaptive brick family by utilizing an interface of the self-adaptive component based on the point coordinates, and enables the integral bricks, the seven-division bricks and the coordinated bricks to be self-adaptively adjusted in length and generate a BIM layout model of the straight brick wall on the premise that the length, the height and the staggered joint overlap relation of the wall are unchanged.
10. A BIM-based straight brick wall layout optimizing apparatus, comprising a computer device including a processor and a memory, the processor having stored therein computer instructions which, when executed, implement the BIM-based straight brick wall layout optimizing method of any one of claims 1 to 9.

Description

BIM-based straight brick wall layout optimization method and device Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of buildings, and particularly relates to a BIM-based straight brick wall layout optimization method and device. Background With the sustainable development of the building industry, green construction and resource conservation become main melodies of industry development. Masonry walls are used as basic components of buildings, and the rationality of layout design directly influences the resource utilization efficiency and the construction quality. In the field of building masonry engineering, the layout design of straight brick walls is a key link affecting construction quality, material utilization rate and engineering efficiency. In the prior art, two types of representative schemes mainly exist, namely, a traditional field brick arranging method based on artificial experience judgment, a constructor performs manual calculation and trial arrangement adjustment by actually measuring the wall size on site and combining brick standard specifications, and a digital layout method based on a Building Information Model (BIM), wherein a three-dimensional brick wall model is constructed by modeling software such as Revit, and preliminary automatic brick arranging is realized by means of parameterized family libraries or rule driving. However, these prior art solutions still have significant drawbacks in practical engineering applications. Firstly, the traditional manual brick arranging method has the problems of high dependence on experience of constructors, serious material waste, difficulty in ensuring mortar joint uniformity and the like, and causes unstable construction quality and larger resource loss. Secondly, although BIM technology has promoted design efficiency to a certain extent, but current layout algorithm is adaptability inadequately when facing non-modulus wall body size, and accurate coordinated fragment of brick arrangement is difficult to satisfy brickwork structural engineering construction standard, still need a large amount of manual intervention adjustment. A BIM technology-based straight brick wall layout optimization method realizes parametric modeling and automatic brick arrangement of a non-modular wall body so as to improve the utilization rate of masonry materials, the control accuracy of mortar joint thickness, the construction quality of brick walls and the construction efficiency. Disclosure of Invention According to the BIM-based straight brick wall layout optimization method, the optimal brick arrangement scheme can be automatically generated under the condition of considering the geometric dimension of a wall body, the brick combination and the standard constraint, so that the automation and standardization level of brick wall layout design is improved, the material cutting waste is reduced, and the overall construction quality and the resource utilization efficiency of masonry engineering are improved. In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a BIM-based straight brick wall layout optimization method, the method comprising: Obtaining the wall length, the wall height and the dimension parameters of standard bricks of a target straight brick wall, setting the allowable range of vertical and horizontal mortar joint thickness, setting paired coordination bricks at two ends of each brick wall, wherein the length of each coordination brick is adjustable in a preset discrete interval determined based on the relationship between the wall length and the brick length, the lengths of the coordination bricks of an odd layer and an even layer are synchronously changed, and the combined arrangement of the end bricks of the odd layer and the even layer and the coordination bricks meets the staggered joint overlapping requirement specified by the masonry specification; Constructing a rectangular coordinate system by taking the left lower corner of a wall body as an origin of coordinates, determining coordinates of key points based on a geometric boundary of the wall body and an arrangement relation of end bricks of an odd-even layer, positioning and coordinating positions of the bricks and the middle whole bricks through offset processing, establishing a ternary orthogonal layout model taking transverse, vertical and end offset as three-dimensional orthogonal quantities, and generating a parameterized layout model describing the arrangement relation of the whole-face straight brick walls based on the ternary orthogonal layout model; Constructing a multi-objective fitness function by taking discrete decision variable vectors comprising horizontal mortar joint thickness, brick layers, coordinated brick lengths, odd-numbered layers and even-numbered layers of middle integral bricks as population individuals according to the parameterized layout model, carrying out iterative optimization on the population individuals in a preset search space by adop