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CN-121980932-A - Voxel-based three-dimensional layout method for additive manufacturing part

CN121980932ACN 121980932 ACN121980932 ACN 121980932ACN-121980932-A

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of part layout, and particularly relates to a voxel-based additive manufacturing part three-dimensional layout method, which comprises the following steps of: setting voxel precision and space coefficient, voxelizing a part model, establishing a part coordinate system, voxelizing an additive forming cabin, establishing a coordinate system, establishing an objective function containing weight, and iteratively calculating the position of the part to obtain the three-dimensional layout of the part. The three-dimensional layout method for the additive manufactured parts can improve the calculation efficiency and stability for judging whether the parts are overlapped, realize the efficient three-dimensional layout of the additive parts and obtain the three-dimensional layout of the additive manufactured parts with high space utilization rate.

Inventors

  • WANG XIAN
  • CAI MING
  • SHEN SHAOZE
  • YANG DONGCHENG
  • YE CHUNYAO
  • WANG FEI
  • ZHONG MENGJUN
  • ZHANG YINGHONG
  • SHE JIAN
  • XIONG XILIN
  • LI BIN

Assignees

  • 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260116

Claims (13)

  1. 1. A voxel-based additive manufacturing part three-dimensional layout method, comprising the steps of: Step 1, setting the precision epsilon and the spacing coefficient a of a single voxel; step 2, voxelizing the three-dimensional model of each part to be printed with precision epsilon to obtain a voxel model of each part; Step 3, establishing a coordinate system for the voxelized model; step 4, voxelizing the established additive forming cabin with precision epsilon, and establishing a coordinate system; step 5, establishing an objective function f; considering the space of the additive forming cabin as cuboid, defining the length, width and height as , And ; The number of parts to be printed is n, and the minimum and maximum values of X, Y and Z coordinates of all voxels of all parts after layout are respectively Let Z voxel Z coordinate of kth part be maximum value Let the boundary value be The values are: Setting weights A, B, C, D, P and Q, and setting the objective function as follows: step 6, iteratively calculating the position delta of each part by using a heuristic algorithm, and ending calculation when the objective function f reaches a minimum value or the iteration number reaches a set value; In the iterative calculation process, a position coordinate delta (x, y, z) is assigned to each part, and the iterative process optimizes the position coordinate delta of each part to minimize an objective function f; And 7, judging whether the three-dimensional layout of the parts can be realized, if so, acquiring the coordinate positions of all the parts under the coordinate system of the additive forming cabin after final layout, and scaling the parts to the original size by the original points of the coordinate systems of the parts according to the spacing coefficients.
  2. 2. The three-dimensional layout method of the additive manufactured parts based on the voxels according to claim 1, wherein the voxels in the step 1 are cubes, the precision epsilon is the side length of the cubes, the pitch coefficient a is used for controlling the pitch in the local process of the subsequent parts, the layout is carried out by magnifying an original model by a times in equal proportion, the new model is magnified, and the printing is carried out according to the original model when the printing is carried out, so that the proper pitch is realized after the layout of the parts.
  3. 3. The three-dimensional layout method of additive manufactured parts based on voxels according to claim 2, wherein the precision epsilon less than or equal to h/2,h of the single voxels in the step 1 is the height of the additive formed cabin, and the spacing coefficient a is more than or equal to 1.
  4. 4. The three-dimensional layout method of voxel-based additive manufacturing parts of claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional model of the part to be printed in the step 2 is a model amplified by combining a pitch coefficient a.
  5. 5. A method of three-dimensional layout of a voxel-based additive manufacturing part as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3, a coordinate system origin is defined as a point of a minimum coordinate of the voxel model boundary box X, Y, Z, and coordinates of each voxel of the voxel model under its coordinate system are obtained.
  6. 6. The three-dimensional layout method of additive manufactured parts based on voxels according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the origin of the coordinate system of the additive forming cabin is located at the point of the minimum coordinate of the boundary box X, Y, Z of the additive forming cabin, after the coordinate system of the additive forming cabin is established, for the kth model, the origin of the coordinate system is laid out at the position of the additive forming cabin (x k ,y k ,z k ), a certain voxel p is (x p ,y p ,z p ) under the representation of the coordinate system of the voxel p, and the coordinate of the element under the coordinate system of the additive forming cabin is (x k +x p ,y k +y p ,z k +z p ).
  7. 7. The three-dimensional layout method of the additive manufactured parts based on voxels according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the set weight is required to meet the conditions that C is more than or equal to A and C is more than or equal to B, D is more than or equal to A/n and D is more than or equal to B/n, and P is more than or equal to 2C and Q is more than or equal to 2C.
  8. 8. The three-dimensional layout method of voxel-based additive manufactured parts of claim 1, wherein in the step 6, the heuristic algorithm comprises an ant colony algorithm, a firefly algorithm, a particle swarm algorithm, a PSO algorithm, a genetic algorithm, and a modified algorithm thereof.
  9. 9. The three-dimensional layout method of a voxel-based additive manufactured part of claim 1, wherein in the step 6, two methods for determining the number of overlapping counts are provided in the calculation process, which are respectively as follows: The first method comprises the steps of enabling a Count initial value to be 0, sequentially searching each coordinate of an additive forming cabin, comparing the current coordinate with each voxel of each part, judging whether the current coordinate is consistent with the voxel coordinate of the part, and if the current coordinate is consistent with one voxel of one part at most, not changing the Count; Secondly, setting the initial value of the Count to be 0, sequentially searching whether each voxel coordinate of each part is consistent with voxels of other parts, if the current voxel of the current part is inconsistent with the voxels of any part, the Count is unchanged, if the current voxel of the current part is consistent with the voxels of k parts, the Count is changed to count+k, and after the searching is finished, the Count is changed to Count/2.
  10. 10. A voxel-based additive manufacturing part three-dimensional layout method as claimed in claim 9, wherein for both methods of determining the number of overlap Count, the second method is used when the total number of all part voxels is less than the total number of additive formed cabin coordinates, and vice versa.
  11. 11. A voxel-based additive manufacturing part three-dimensional layout method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 6, a two-dimensional layout of additive manufactured parts is achieved by making the z-coordinate of the position coordinates of each part 0.
  12. 12. The method of three-dimensional layout of voxel-based additive manufacturing parts of claim 9, wherein in the step 7, the method of determining whether the three-dimensional layout of the parts is achievable is when If at least 1 of the parts is not 0 or the Count is not 0, judging that the three-dimensional layout of the parts cannot be realized, and if the three-dimensional layout of the parts needs to be moved out, otherwise, judging that the layout can be realized.
  13. 13. The three-dimensional layout method of additive manufactured parts based on voxels according to claim 1, wherein in the step 7, the coordinate positions of all parts under the coordinate system of the additive forming cabin after final layout are obtained, the positions of the parts are further adjusted according to the process requirements, and then the additive manufacturing is performed.

Description

Voxel-based three-dimensional layout method for additive manufacturing part Technical Field The application belongs to the field of part layout, and particularly relates to a voxel-based additive manufacturing part three-dimensional layout method. Background Additive manufacturing techniques, i.e., 3D printing techniques, may enable the fabrication of parts by adding materials layer by layer. For additive manufacturing methods such as laser selective sintering (SLS), laser selective melting (SLM) and the like, after optimizing the support structure, printing of the part can be achieved even if the part is not laid out on the substrate but in a three-dimensional space. The printing mode greatly improves the part manufacturing efficiency of the single additive manufacturing process. However, the existing part layout method is not sufficient for utilizing the three-dimensional space of the additive forming cabin, the existing additive manufacturing part layout method generally uses projection of three-dimensional parts on a horizontal plane to judge whether the parts are overlapped or not, and is a method for converting the three-dimensional layout into the two-dimensional layout, and cannot realize the three-dimensional layout, while part of the methods only consider the boundary box of the three-dimensional parts and do not consider the shape characteristics of the three-dimensional parts, and the space utilization of the three-dimensional layout of the parts obtained by the method is insufficient. On the other hand, the existing method for judging whether the parts overlap is mostly realized based on the Boolean operation mode, the method consumes large calculation power, and even breakdown easily occurs when the number of the parts is large. Chinese patent publication No. CN1O8480637a proposes a method and a system for optimizing a layout of multiple parts for laser additive manufacturing, which adopts a method of a bounding box, but the two-dimensional layout method of the parts on the substrate can only be used, and the three-dimensional layout of the additive manufactured parts cannot be realized. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the problems of insufficient three-dimensional space utilization rate and low printing efficiency of the existing additive manufacturing part layout method, and provides a voxel-based additive manufacturing part three-dimensional layout method. In order to achieve the above effects, the technical scheme of the application is as follows: a voxel-based additive manufacturing part three-dimensional layout method, comprising the steps of: Step 1, setting the precision epsilon and the spacing coefficient a of a single voxel; step 2, voxelizing the three-dimensional model of each part to be printed with precision epsilon to obtain a voxel model of each part; Step 3, establishing a coordinate system for the voxelized model; step 4, voxelizing the established additive forming cabin with precision epsilon, and establishing a coordinate system; step 5, establishing an objective function f; considering the space of the additive forming cabin as cuboid, defining the length, width and height as ,And; The number of parts to be printed is n, and the minimum and maximum values of X, Y and Z coordinates of all voxels of all parts after layout are respectivelyLet Z voxel Z coordinate of kth part be maximum valueLet the boundary value beThe values are: Setting weights A, B, C, D, P and Q, and setting the objective function as follows: step 6, iteratively calculating the position delta of each part by using a heuristic algorithm, and ending calculation when the objective function f reaches a minimum value or the iteration number reaches a set value; In the iterative calculation process, a position coordinate delta (x, y, z) is assigned to each part, and the iterative process optimizes the position coordinate delta of each part to minimize an objective function f; And 7, judging whether the three-dimensional layout of the parts can be realized, if so, acquiring the coordinate positions of all the parts under the coordinate system of the additive forming cabin after final layout, and scaling the parts to the original size by the original points of the coordinate systems of the parts according to the spacing coefficients. Further, the voxels in the step 1 are cubes, the precision epsilon is the side length of the cubes, the spacing coefficient a is used for controlling the spacing in the local process of the subsequent parts, the original model is amplified by a times in equal proportion, the amplified new model is used for layout, printing is carried out according to the original model during printing, and then the proper spacing is realized after the layout of the parts. Still further, the precision ε of the individual voxels in step 1 is less than or equal to/2,The height of the cabin is increased to be equal to or larger than 1. Further, the three-dimensional model of the part