CN-121981402-A - Construction whole process quality tracing method and system based on BIM and blockchain

CN121981402ACN 121981402 ACN121981402 ACN 121981402ACN-121981402-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a construction whole-process quality tracing method and system based on BIM and blockchain, and relates to the technical field of building construction quality management. The method comprises the steps of collecting material information through the Internet of things and associating the material information with BIM component identifiers in a material approach stage, generating an initial block by utilizing an intelligent contract, associating BIM 4D/5D simulation data with a construction log in a procedure execution stage, generating a procedure block containing IPFS hashes by adopting a hash chain algorithm, verifying consistency of detection results through zero knowledge proof and generating a new block in a checking and checking stage, checking block data to obtain a complete data set through a consensus mechanism, constructing a graph database index based on BIM component trees, generating a chain path graph, traversing path graph nodes in response to a query request and comparing hash values to output a tracing result, and achieving trusted penetration, tamper-proof storage and intelligent tracing of construction whole-process data, so that accuracy and reliability of engineering quality management are remarkably improved.

Inventors

CAO QIANG
LIU YANGBANG
XIANG XIAOQIANG
LI JIANWEI
LIANG ZHENGPENG
LIN XUEFENG
LI ZHIYONG
WANG JIANPING
ZHAO YUTIAN
Lv shan
HUANG QIAN
HE LINGJIE
NIE ZHENGWEI

Assignees

四川省第一建筑工程有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260327

Claims (10)

1. A construction whole process quality tracing method based on BIM and blockchain is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, collecting material information through Internet of things equipment, associating the material information with a component identifier in a BIM model, generating an initial block containing a time stamp, a material hash value and a BIM component ID by using a blockchain intelligent contract, and constructing an initial chain type data structure based on BIM; S2, in the procedure execution stage, BIM 4D/5D construction simulation data are associated with real-time construction logs and personnel operation records according to the initial chain data structure, a hash chain algorithm is adopted to calculate the hash value of a previous block and link current data, a procedure block containing IPFS hashes is generated, and a continuous recording sequence is formed; S3, in the acceptance inspection stage, based on the continuous recording sequence, a BIM model is utilized to carry out three-dimensional comparison detection, the consistency of the detection result and the historical data is verified through a zero knowledge proof technology, an intelligent contract is triggered to generate a new block containing the detection result, and the new block is linked to a previous process block to form a cross-link expansion chain; S4, extracting all block data from the cross-link extension chain, and automatically checking the time stamp, the mark and the hash value of each block by utilizing a block chain consensus mechanism and an intelligent contract by combining the component relation of the BIM to obtain a verified complete data set; S5, constructing a graph database index based on the complete data set and the BIM component tree, establishing a correlation path from material approach to acceptance check, and generating a chain path graph for cross-link query; s6, responding to the query request, traversing the nodes of the chained path diagram through an intelligent contract, comparing the node hash value with the on-chain stored value, and outputting corresponding BIM component data and construction records to obtain a tracing result; and S7, generating an encryption backup from the tracing result, distributing the encryption backup to the distributed nodes through IPFS, and verifying the consistency of the copies by adopting a hash chain algorithm to form a tracing system of the persistent storage.
2. The construction whole process quality tracing method based on BIM and blockchain according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 specifically comprises the following steps: acquiring material information of an approach link in real time through Internet of things equipment, acquiring data content comprising material sources, specifications and batches, and determining the integrity of the material information by adopting an integrity detection algorithm; According to the collected material information, matching the material information with a component identifier in the BIM model by adopting a pre-established mapping rule to obtain an associated data pair; For the associated data pair, generating an initial block containing a time stamp, a material hash value and a BIM component ID by utilizing a block chain intelligent contract mechanism, carrying out hash value integrity check on the block, and linking the block to a BIM-based initial chain data structure after the verification is passed; And acquiring stored initial block information from a chain data structure, performing cross verification on time stamps and material information in the blocks, judging data consistency, and evaluating the material information by adopting a preset threshold rule according to a verification result to obtain reliability judgment.
3. The construction whole process quality tracing method based on BIM and blockchain according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 specifically comprises the following steps: Acquiring BIM 4D/5D construction simulation data, acquiring construction logs and personnel operation records in real time through an Internet of things terminal, performing space-time alignment and format standardization processing on multi-source data, and generating a structured data set to be linked; Calculating a hash value of a previous block by adopting a hash chain algorithm, combining a structured data set of a current procedure with the previous hash value to construct a new block, automatically storing the new block to IPFS when the data quantity exceeds a preset threshold value, and acquiring IPFS hash values; And packaging the process simulation data, the construction log abstract, the personnel operation key information, the previous block hash value and the IPFS hash value to generate a process block, calculating the current block hash value, and then linking the current block hash value into a chain type data structure to form a continuous construction process record sequence.
4. The construction whole process quality tracing method based on BIM and blockchain according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 specifically comprises the following steps: s31, acquiring BIM model three-dimensional data and a continuous recording sequence in an acceptance inspection stage, and comparing the BIM model with actual construction results in real time by adopting a three-dimensional detection algorithm based on point cloud comparison to generate detection result data containing deviation values and compliance indexes; s32, verifying consistency of the detection result data and the historical data in the continuous recording sequence by using a zero knowledge proof technology, and verifying logical consistency of the detection result and the previous procedure record; And S33, linking the generated new block to a previous process block through a hash chain algorithm to form a cross-link extended block chain.
5. The construction whole process quality tracing method based on BIM and blockchain according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 specifically comprises the following steps: Simultaneously analyzing the component hierarchy relation and the topological structure in the BIM model to generate a component relation map taking component ID as a node; based on the rule of a block chain consensus mechanism, carrying out logic consistency verification on a time stamp sequence in an original block set, triggering an intelligent contract to automatically execute identifier comparison and hash value recalculation after verification is passed, matching a currently calculated hash value with an original hash value stored in a block, and removing tampered or abnormal blocks; And fusing the effective block data successfully matched with the hash value with the component relation map, and associating the procedures, materials, acceptance information and BIM components one by one through the component ID to form a complete data set subjected to consensus verification and intelligent contract verification.
6. The construction whole process quality tracing method based on BIM and blockchain according to claim 1, wherein the step S5 specifically comprises the following steps: S51, extracting structured records of material approach, procedure execution and acceptance inspection from a complete data set, analyzing the hierarchical relation of BIM component trees, and carrying out node processing on each record according to the ID and the time stamp of the component to form initial service node information; s52, based on initial service node information, constructing a full-flow association path from material approach to acceptance inspection by adopting a node-side model of a graph database, converting a physical relationship between components and a logical relationship of service data into edges in the graph database through a preset mapping rule, and generating a preliminary chain path frame; s53, aiming at a requirement scene of cross-link query, carrying out index construction and optimization on a preliminary path frame, dynamically adjusting an index structure to improve traversing efficiency of a key path by analyzing connection frequency among nodes and query hotspots, and carrying out layering treatment on the path according to a preset priority threshold; S54, generating a visualized chained path diagram by combining the layered path structure, marking key nodes and paths, integrating a traversing algorithm of a graph database, inquiring cross links associated with the whole flow, and dynamically updating index information according to an inquiry response result.
7. The construction whole process quality tracing method based on BIM and blockchain as set forth in claim 6, wherein after step S54, further comprising node embedding representation of the chained path graph based on a graph neural network, training a similarity reasoning model for intelligently recommending historical quality data and potential risk pre-judgment of similar components.
8. The construction whole process quality tracing method based on BIM and blockchain according to claim 1, wherein the step S6 specifically comprises the following steps: Receiving a tracing inquiry request, analyzing a target component identifier in the request, positioning a corresponding starting node in a chained path diagram, and triggering an intelligent contract to automatically start a traversal verification process; Traversing all associated nodes from the initial node by adopting a depth-first search algorithm according to the association relation of the chained path graph by the intelligent contract, acquiring the stored hash value of each node, and comparing the hash value with the corresponding hash value stored on the blockchain in real time; for nodes with consistent hash values, the intelligent contract automatically extracts BIM component attribute data and construction process records associated with the nodes, gathers the BIM component attribute data and construction process records to generate a complete component tracing result, and returns the complete component tracing result to a query party through a blockchain network.
9. The construction whole process quality tracing method based on BIM and blockchain according to claim 1, wherein the step S7 is characterized by comprising the following steps: The method comprises the steps of obtaining tracing result data as an original data set, carrying out encryption processing on the original data by adopting a symmetric encryption algorithm to generate an encrypted backup data packet, uploading the encrypted backup data packet to a IPFS distributed storage network, and obtaining a returned unique content identifier; The method comprises the steps of obtaining a stored duplicate data set in parallel from a plurality of distributed nodes of a IPFS network according to a content identifier, performing block-by-block hash computation on the duplicate set by adopting a hash chain algorithm, generating a current consistency hash value, and verifying consistency between the duplicates and with original data; and anchoring the copy data set and the content identifier associated information thereof which pass verification with a traceable record on the blockchain, and writing the content identifier and the consistency verification hash value into the verification block through an intelligent contract.
10. The construction whole process quality tracing system based on BIM and blockchain is applied to the construction whole process quality tracing method based on BIM and blockchain as in any one of claims 1-9, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: The material approach management module is used for collecting material information through the Internet of things equipment at the material approach stage, associating the material information with a component identifier in the BIM model, generating an initial block containing a time stamp, a material hash value and a BIM component ID by using a blockchain intelligent contract, and constructing an initial chain type data structure based on BIM; The procedure execution management module is used for associating BIM 4D/5D construction simulation data with real-time construction logs and personnel operation records according to the initial chained data structure in the procedure execution stage, calculating the hash value of the previous block by adopting a hash chain algorithm and linking the current data to generate a procedure block containing IPFS hashes, so as to form a continuous record sequence; The acceptance check management module is used for carrying out three-dimensional comparison detection by using a BIM model based on the continuous record sequence in the acceptance check stage, verifying the consistency of the detection result and the historical data through a zero knowledge proof technology, triggering an intelligent contract to generate a new block containing the detection result, and linking the new block to the previous process block to form a cross-link expansion chain; The data verification and fusion module is used for extracting all block data from the cross-link extension chain, and automatically verifying the time stamp, the identification and the hash value of each block by utilizing a block chain consensus mechanism and an intelligent contract by combining the component relation of the BIM to obtain a verified complete data set; The trace-back path construction module is used for constructing a graph database index based on the complete data set and the BIM component tree, establishing a correlation path from material approach to acceptance check, and generating a chain path graph for cross-link query; The tracing query execution module is used for responding to a query request, traversing the nodes of the chained path diagram through an intelligent contract, comparing the node hash value with a stored value on a chain, and outputting corresponding BIM component data and construction records to obtain a tracing result; the intelligent analysis pre-judging module is used for carrying out node embedding representation on the chained path diagram based on the graph neural network, training a similarity reasoning model and intelligently recommending historical quality data and potential risk pre-judgment of similar components; And the data backup and persistence module is used for generating the encryption backup from the tracing result, distributing the encryption backup to the distributed nodes through IPFS, and verifying the consistency of the copies by adopting a hash chain algorithm to form a tracing system of persistence storage.

Description

Construction whole process quality tracing method and system based on BIM and blockchain Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of building construction quality management, in particular to a construction whole-process quality tracing method and system based on BIM and blockchain. Background In the construction industry, construction quality management is always a crucial field, is directly related to engineering safety, service life and trust of the public, ensures that the quality of the whole construction process is controllable and searchable, becomes one of the core requirements of industry development, and gradually goes to intelligent management along with popularization of digital technology, but the existing method still has obvious defects in solving quality tracing problems. Many traditional methods rely on paper records or scattered electronic accounts, information faults easily occur in the data storage and transmission processes, responsibility attribution of key links is difficult to be defined, and particularly in some construction links which are not easy to be perceived, problems are often covered up, and responsibility tracing becomes extremely difficult. The limitation of the current solution is that the data management lacks integrity and continuity, information among each other cannot be effectively communicated at various stages in the construction process, such as material approach, procedure execution, acceptance inspection and the like, and the quality problem is difficult to completely trace back from source to tail end after the splitting state occurs, and especially when a plurality of participants are involved, the data authenticity and consistency are more difficult to ensure. This phenomenon of information isolation further exacerbates the industry's dilemma of quality inspection of concealed projects, as these projects once completed are difficult to review, and the associated records, if incomplete or unreliable, are nearly unproblematic to follow-up. Focusing on technical difficulties, the biggest challenge in construction quality management is how to ensure full-course credibility of data and close association across links. The problem of data credibility is firstly reflected on the authenticity of the record, and due to the lack of an effective tamper-proof mechanism, key information in the construction process can be artificially modified, for example, a detection report of a certain batch of materials is replaced, so that the hidden danger of the quality of subsequent engineering cannot be found in time. When the credibility of the data cannot be guaranteed, the cross-link relevance becomes more difficult, the data in different stages cannot form a complete chain, for example, the direct corresponding relation between the image record of the hidden project and the final acceptance result is lacking, and a large amount of time and labor are required to find the root cause of the problem. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a construction whole-process quality tracing method and system based on BIM and blockchain, and the method and system are used for constructing a full life cycle chain type data structure from material approach to acceptance inspection by fusing BIM and blockchain technologies, so that the core problems of construction quality data rupture, low reliability and difficult tracing are solved. The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme: The application provides a construction whole process quality tracing method based on BIM and blockchain, which comprises the following steps: S1, collecting material information through Internet of things equipment, associating the material information with a component identifier in a BIM model, generating an initial block containing a time stamp, a material hash value and a BIM component ID by using a blockchain intelligent contract, and constructing an initial chain type data structure based on BIM; S2, in the procedure execution stage, BIM4D/5D construction simulation data are associated with real-time construction logs and personnel operation records according to the initial chain data structure, a hash chain algorithm is adopted to calculate the hash value of a previous block and link current data, a procedure block containing IPFS hashes is generated, and a continuous recording sequence is formed; S3, in the acceptance inspection stage, based on the continuous recording sequence, a BIM model is utilized to carry out three-dimensional comparison detection, the consistency of the detection result and the historical data is verified through a zero knowledge proof technology, an intelligent contract is triggered to generate a new block containing the detection result, and the new block is linked to a previous process block to form a cross-link expansion chain; S4, extracting all block data from the cross-link extension chain, and automatically check