CN-121981507-A - Method for calculating water demand of running water ecological landscape based on mountain area

CN121981507ACN 121981507 ACN121981507 ACN 121981507ACN-121981507-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of data processing and water resources, and particularly relates to a method for calculating water demand of a running water ecological landscape based on mountain areas. The method comprises the steps of identifying characteristics of karst landforms, ancient terraces and the like through remote sensing data, constructing a non-linear regulation model of an underground reservoir to simulate a base flow lag release effect, calculating a landscape crushing degree and connectivity index, establishing a mapping relation between a space structure and a hydrologic process, constructing an ecological water demand quota correction matrix based on non-linear regression, and combining a base flow supply sequence and dynamic landscape parameters to output a final water demand calculation result. According to the invention, by introducing a nonlinear regulation theory and a landscape pattern index, the deep coupling and dynamic correction of the ecological water demand and the space structure are realized, and the accuracy and scientificity of water demand calculation in a complex environment are improved.

Inventors

ZHANG YUANYUAN
WU JIANWEI
SHEN YUNXIANG
WANG QING
ZHANG FANG
CHEN JINGJING

Assignees

山东省水利勘测设计院有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260409

Claims (10)

1. The method for calculating the water demand of the running water ecological landscape based on the mountain area is characterized by comprising the following steps of: Step 1, obtaining mountain basic geographic information data and multisource remote sensing image data, performing ground object classification processing on the multisource remote sensing image data, identifying land utilization types in a research area, and extracting distribution characteristics of karst landforms, ancient terraced fields and conventional mountain landscapes; step 2, constructing a mountain area underground storage reservoir nonlinear regulation model, describing a nonlinear relation between underground water storage capacity and drainage flow by utilizing an underground water dynamics principle, and simulating a nonlinear fading process of mountain area fracture karst water or special geologic bodies under the action of gravity and a delayed release effect on base flow; Calculating a running water ecological landscape pattern index, quantitatively representing a landscape fragmentation index and a landscape connectivity index in a research area through a geographic information system analysis tool, and establishing a mapping relation between a ground surface landscape space structure and an ecological hydrologic process; Step 4, establishing an ecological water demand quota correction matrix, taking the landscape crushing degree index and the landscape connectivity index as constraint variables, constructing a function association of the ecological water demand quota and the landscape pattern index through nonlinear regression analysis, and determining water demand correction coefficients under different landscape patterns; And 5, packaging and operating a flowing water ecological landscape water demand correction module, inputting a base flow supply sequence obtained by calculating the mountain area underground reservoir nonlinear regulation model into the correction module, carrying out correction processing by combining with the landscape pattern dynamic parameters of real-time remote sensing inversion, and outputting a final mountain area flowing water ecological landscape water demand calculation result.
2. The method for calculating the water demand of the running water ecological landscape based on the mountain area according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: The specific process of the land feature classification treatment in the step 1 is that a method of combining supervision classification and object-oriented classification is adopted to divide a research area into a forest land, a grassland, a water area, a construction land, a cultivated land and a bare land; In object-oriented classification, pixels with similar spectra and texture features are aggregated into objects by setting scale parameters, shape parameters, and compactness parameters; aiming at the ancient terrace area, calculating a second derivative of the gradient by using a digital elevation model, identifying a ridge candidate line with the gradient changed and the ridge characteristic, and judging the water storage state inside the ridge enclosure by combining the water index and the vegetation index; Aiming at karst landforms, determining the karst development degree by identifying closed depressions in the digital elevation model and combining the rock area proportion exposed in multispectral data; all remote sensing data were subjected to radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction, and geometric refinement based on a digital elevation model prior to classification.
3. The method for calculating the water demand of the running water ecological landscape based on the mountain area according to claim 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: The step 1 further comprises the step of extracting the confluence accumulation quantity, the slope direction, the slope length and the topography humidity index of the mountain area by utilizing a digital elevation model; the topography humidity index is obtained by obtaining the ratio between the tangent value of the confluence area and the tangent value of the gradient and performing natural logarithm operation on the ratio; in the calculation process, the topography humidity index and the landscape pattern index are subjected to spatial superposition analysis, ecological key nodes sensitive to moisture response in the mountain area are identified, and corresponding geographic weights are given.
4. The method for calculating the water demand of the running water ecological landscape based on the mountain area according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: The drainage flow calculation logic of the mountain area underground storage reservoir nonlinear regulation model constructed in the step 2 is that the drainage flow is equal to the product of a specific regulation coefficient and the specific exponent power of the effective underground storage water; The specific exponent power is preset according to the pore structure characteristics and crack development density of mountain land geologic bodies; in the karst region, the specific exponent power is set to a value greater than 1.5 and less than 2.5; When the water storage amount is higher than a preset high threshold, the model simulates rapid response excretion of the gravity flow in the mountain area through a large hydraulic gradient; When the water storage capacity is reduced to a preset low-level threshold value, the attenuation of the drainage flow presents a nonlinear slow trend so as to simulate the retention and hysteresis release mechanisms of cracks and soil bodies on water.
5. The method for calculating the water demand of the running water ecological landscape based on the mountain area, which is characterized in that the simulation of the fractured karst water in the step 2 further comprises the depiction of the double pore medium effect, namely, the geological body is divided into a bedrock block system and a fracture network system; The water exchange amount driven based on the pressure gradient exists between the bedrock block system and the fracture network system, and the water exchange amount is proportional to the water guide coefficient between the bedrock block and the fracture; when the water in the fracture network is discharged under the action of gravity, the water in the bedrock block is constrained by matrix suction to horizontally supply the water to the fractures; The specific regulation coefficients are obtained by carrying out spatial interpolation on the formation lithology, the soil thickness and the gradient of the mountain area, wherein the regional regulation coefficients with high rock exposure rate are set to be small values, and the regulation coefficients of the forest land and the ancient terraced fields are set to be large values.
6. The method for calculating the water demand of the running water ecological landscape based on the mountain area according to claim 5, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the process of calculating the running water ecological landscape pattern index in the step 3 comprises the steps of defining the landscape crushing degree as the quotient of the total amount of the plaque of a specific type in the landscape divided by the total area of the landscape of the type; evaluating plaque shape complexity while calculating landscape crush, the shape complexity being obtained by calculating the ratio of plaque perimeter to equal area perimeter; When the complexity of the plaque shape is increased, the contact interface between the plaque and the external environment is judged to be enlarged, and the weight of the water transpiration and loss risk is increased in the subsequent correction matrix.
7. The method for calculating the water demand of the running water ecological landscape based on the mountain area according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: The calculation logic of the scene connectivity index in the step 3 is that based on the graph theory, water-based environment patches are defined as nodes, ecological galleries and seasonal overflow paths among the patches are defined as edges, and the convenience degree of water flow transmission among different patches is evaluated through calculating the probability connectivity index; the probability connectivity index is obtained by performing comprehensive operation on a negative exponential function of the geometrical distance between the plaques, a habitat resistance coefficient and the area weight of the plaque; Wherein, according to land utilization type, a migration resistance value is given, the resistance value of a natural forest and a permanent water area is set to be low level, and the resistance value of a construction land and a high-strength development farmland is set to be high level; And simultaneously, determining the core value of the plaque in the water system ecological network by removing the plaque one by one and calculating the descending variation of the landscape connectivity value.
8. The method for calculating the water demand of the running water ecological landscape based on the mountain area according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the specific logic of establishing the ecological water demand quota correction matrix in the step 4 is that the landscape crushing degree is used as a negative correction factor, and the landscape connectivity is used as a positive correction factor; When the landscape crushing degree is increased, the correction module adjusts the guarantee coefficient of the ecological water demand, and the water dissipation caused by the ecological border effect is counteracted by multiplying the basic water demand by a correction proportion larger than 1; when the landscape connectivity is improved, the correction module performs down-regulation optimization on the water quota according to the incidence matrix, namely, the correction proportion which is multiplied by less than 1 and greater than the safety threshold value is adopted; the nonlinear regression analysis also comprises sensitivity correction for the effect of rainfall pulses, the time constant for rainfall infiltration into an underground reservoir and conversion into effective drainage flow is determined by analyzing the lag correlation of historical long-sequence rainfall data and base flow change, and the time constant is introduced into a nonlinear regulation model.
9. The method for calculating the water demand of the running water ecological landscape based on the mountain area according to claim 8, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: The flow water ecological landscape water-requiring correction module in the step 5 adopts a layered architecture design and comprises a data access layer, a logic operation layer and a result output layer; The final calculation result generated by the result output layer comprises the water demand splitting of different ecological service functions, namely the minimum environmental water required for maintaining the survival of aquatic organisms, the landscape water required for maintaining the visual aesthetic value of landscape and the dilution and purification water required for maintaining the self-purification capability of a river channel; The landscape water quantity is determined according to the maintenance requirement of the waterfall and terrace mirror surface effect; each water quantity is positioned according to the functions of the ecological landscapes in the mountain areas, and weighted summation is carried out through a weight function, so that a final total water demand dynamic value is obtained; If the landscape connectivity in the time step is lower than a preset ecological safety threshold, triggering an early warning compensation mechanism, and increasing the calculation weight of the ecological water distribution.
10. The method for calculating the water demand of the running water ecological landscape based on the mountain area according to claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: The method further comprises the step of verifying and adjusting the calculation result, wherein the step of verifying and adjusting the calculation result comprises the steps of obtaining actual measurement flow data by arranging a flow automatic monitoring station on a typical section of a mountain area, and calculating residual errors, root mean square errors and correlation coefficients between the actual measurement flow and the calculated ecological water demand; If the correlation coefficient is lower than a preset accuracy threshold, starting a parameter self-adaptive adjustment mechanism, and executing iterative optimization on the calculation model by changing a exponent power parameter in the nonlinear regulation model or adjusting the weight proportion of the degree of fragmentation and connectivity in the landscape modification matrix; aiming at seasonal differences of the mountain area running water ecological landscape, three calculation modes of a dead water period, a rich water period and a flat water period are set, the contribution weight of the base flow is increased in the dead water period mode, and the contribution of the landscape connectivity to flood peak reduction and the self-cleaning requirement of the water body are evaluated in the rich water period mode.

Description

Method for calculating water demand of running water ecological landscape based on mountain area The invention belongs to the field of data processing and water resources, and particularly relates to a method for calculating water demand of a running water ecological landscape based on mountain areas. Background With the deep research of mountain ecological hydrology, the calculation of water demand aiming at the mountain running water ecological landscape becomes a key technical support for guaranteeing the ecological safety of the region and the sustainable utilization of water resources. The complex geographical environment of mountain areas and various ecological system structures determine that the water circulation process has space-time variability, and the traditional ecological water distribution scheme usually depends on macroscopic water conservancy indexes to maintain basic ecological functions. In the current ecological restoration practice, the water demand characteristics of the running water landscape under different seasons and geological background are accurately identified and calculated, and the method has important theoretical significance and application value for optimizing landscape connectivity in mountainous areas and protecting biodiversity. The method aims at the research on the groundwater subsidence mechanism and landscape pattern evolution under the complex geological background of karst landforms, ancient terraces and the like, and is a core path for realizing the accurate calculation of the water demand in mountain areas. The direction simulates the dynamic regulation process of a water source by constructing an underground water storage reservoir model, and represents the communication state of the surface ecological space by combining the landscape ecology index. The basic principle of the method is to analyze the nonlinear hysteresis effect of geological structures on runoffs, combine land utilization data obtained by remote sensing inversion, establish a correlation matrix between landscape crushing degree and ecological water demand quota, and provide quantitative basis for scientific scheduling of ecological flow in mountain areas. The traditional calculation model based on the linear reservoir theory is difficult to accurately describe the nonlinear fading characteristics of the fracture karst water or the special geologic body under the action of gravity, so that the simulation precision of the groundwater lag release effect is limited. The existing method generally lacks quantitative evaluation of the influence of the landscape pattern on ecological water demand, fails to integrate the regulation effect of landscape connectivity on hydrologic process, and is easy to cause systematic underestimation of ecological water demand in arid seasons. The single calculation logic cannot adapt to the dynamic fusion requirement of the multi-source heterogeneous data in the mountain area, so that the calculation result has deviation from the actual ecological hydrologic evolution rule, and the actual requirement of high-precision landscape ecological protection is difficult to meet. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a method for calculating the water demand of a running water ecological landscape based on mountain areas, which can solve the problems in the background technology. In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: A method for calculating water demand of a running water ecological landscape based on mountain areas comprises the following specific steps: Step 1, obtaining mountain basic geographic information data and multisource remote sensing image data, identifying land utilization types in a research area by performing ground object classification processing on the multisource remote sensing image data, and extracting distribution characteristics of karst landforms, ancient terraced fields and conventional mountain landscapes; step 2, constructing a mountain area underground storage reservoir nonlinear regulation model, describing a nonlinear relation between underground water storage capacity and drainage flow by utilizing an underground water dynamics principle, and simulating a nonlinear fading process of mountain area fracture karst water or special geologic bodies under the action of gravity and a delayed release effect on base flow; Calculating a running water ecological landscape pattern index, quantitatively representing a landscape fragmentation index and a landscape connectivity index in a research area through a geographic information system analysis tool, and establishing a mapping relation between a ground surface landscape space structure and an ecological hydrologic process; Step 4, establishing an ecological water demand quota correction matrix, taking the landscape crushing degree index and the landscape connectivity index as constraint variables, constructing a function assoc