CN-121982942-A - Supervision method and system for small aircraft in low-altitude environment

CN121982942ACN 121982942 ACN121982942 ACN 121982942ACN-121982942-A

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of low-altitude aircraft supervision, and provides a supervision method and a supervision system for a small-sized aircraft in a low-altitude environment, wherein the aircraft and a supervision platform are subjected to identity binding through a 4G communication module, so that a guarantee is provided for large-scale supervision of the aircraft; in the middle of the flight, the aircraft reports the flight state data such as GNSS position, gesture and the like to the supervision platform in real time through the 4G network, the supervision platform performs electronic fence verification and abnormal behavior analysis on the received data, and once abnormality is found, multi-stage response early warning is triggered, so that the method is more suitable for low-cost supervision of the small aircraft, and the supervision coverage rate of the small aircraft is improved by utilizing the characteristic of wide coverage rate of the 4G network; in addition, the supervisory system reduces the volume of the supervisory equipment by highly integrated hardware, making it more suitable for small aircraft.

Inventors

CHEN YOUJUN
ZHOU YI
LU JING
AI BO

Assignees

中国民用航空飞行学院

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260409

Claims (10)

1. The supervision method of the small aircraft in the low-altitude environment is characterized by comprising the following steps of: Step S10, before taking off, the aircraft initiates a registration request to a supervision platform through a 4G communication module to obtain a corresponding digital identity certificate; step S20, acquiring flight state data through a sensor and reporting the flight state data to the supervision platform when the flight state data is encrypted through a 4G network in the flight process of the aircraft; step S30, the supervision platform receives the flight state data and sequentially performs data analysis and space-time information analysis on the flight state data to obtain supervision information; And step S40, judging whether the aircraft has abnormal flight based on the supervision information, and if so, triggering the multilevel response early warning of the supervision platform.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the flight status data comprises real-time longitude and latitude, altitude, speed, heading, attitude angle, time stamp, and battery level.
3. The method for supervising the small aircraft in the low altitude environment according to claim 1, wherein the flight anomaly comprises a flight area anomaly and a flight behavior anomaly, an electronic fence database is established in advance, the supervision information is compared with the electronic fence database to judge whether the flight area anomaly exists in the aircraft, and machine learning is conducted on the supervision information to judge whether the flight behavior anomaly exists in the aircraft.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the multi-level response pre-warning comprises information push, platform warning and remote link intervention instructions, wherein the remote link intervention instructions comprise instructions for sending forced return, hover, landing or limit of operational authority to the aircraft via a 4G network.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the flight status data is encapsulated into a structured binary telemetry data frame and transmitted to a supervisory platform via a UDP channel; packaging the remote link intervention instruction into a structured binary telemetry instruction frame and transmitting the structured binary telemetry instruction frame to an aircraft through a TCP channel; Wherein the data frame and the instruction frame follow the same set of predefined application layer protocols.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the frame structures of the data frame and the command frame are independent of the underlying network transmission system.
7. The method of supervision of a small aircraft in a low altitude environment of claim 1, further comprising: Step S50, the supervision platform stores all flight state data and flight anomalies to obtain a flight log; and step S60, identifying the unregistered air vehicle moving in the air, and reporting the unregistered air vehicle serving as a suspicious target to the supervision platform.
8. A supervision system for a small aircraft in a low-altitude environment, applying the supervision method for a small aircraft in a low-altitude environment according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising: The airborne supervision module is integrated with the 4G communication module, the GNSS positioning module, the main control MCU and the sensor and is used for collecting and reporting flight state data and receiving remote link intervention instructions; The supervision platform is used for receiving the flight state data, judging flight abnormality, triggering multi-stage response early warning and storing data; the 4G communication module is integrated with a radio frequency antenna unit and a user identity recognition module interface, and is connected with the main control MCU through a serial communication interface; the main control MCU is integrated with a lightweight data encapsulation unit and an instruction analysis unit, and the supervision platform is integrated with a data analysis unit and an instruction encapsulation unit.
9. The supervisory system for a small aircraft in a low altitude environment as set forth in claim 8, wherein said on-board supervisory module further comprises a data compensation mechanism comprising: the local storage unit is used for caching flight state data generated in a preset time period; the network state monitoring unit is used for monitoring the 4G network connection state; and the data supplementing unit is configured to automatically resend the unsuccessfully uploaded flight state data cached in the local storage unit to the supervision platform after monitoring that the network is recovered from the interruption.
10. The supervisory system of small aircraft under low altitude environment of claim 8 wherein said master MCU sends AT command to said serial communication interface to control said 4G communication module to complete network registration and establish TCP/UDP data transparent connection with supervisory platform.

Description

Supervision method and system for small aircraft in low-altitude environment Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of low-altitude aircraft supervision, in particular to a supervision method and system for a small-sized aircraft in a low-altitude environment. Background With the expansion of low-altitude economy scale, low-altitude aircrafts are widely applied in the fields of urban airspace, agricultural operation, environmental monitoring and the like. However, the problem that the low-altitude aircraft inevitably generates flight conflict in the flight process seriously affects the flight safety, so that the low-altitude aircraft is very important for flight supervision of the aircraft. The traditional ADS-B (broadcast automatic correlation monitoring) or secondary radar system has extremely high construction cost of airborne equipment and ground base stations, is difficult to popularize in unmanned aerial vehicles and other small-sized aircrafts, has limited construction of special ground monitoring radar stations, and cannot realize seamless coverage of vast low-altitude, especially urban building shielding areas and remote areas, so that the supervision of the low-altitude aircrafts is not in place. Disclosure of Invention In view of the problems that the ADS-B (broadcast automatic correlation monitoring) or the secondary radar system is extremely high in construction cost of airborne equipment and ground base stations, is difficult to popularize in unmanned aerial vehicles and other small-sized aircrafts, and the special ground monitoring radar station is limited in construction, so that the problem that the supervision of the low-altitude aircrafts is not in place due to the fact that the wide low-altitude, especially urban building shielding areas and remote areas cannot be realized, is solved, one of the purposes of the application is to provide a supervision method and a supervision system of the small-sized aircrafts in a low-altitude environment, which fully utilize the characteristics of wide coverage and low cost of the existing 4G network, effectively reduce the hardware cost of an airborne supervision module, realize the effective supervision of urban and rural areas and even remote areas, and improve the supervision coverage rate of the small-sized aircrafts. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme: a supervision method of a small aircraft in a low-altitude environment comprises the following steps: Step S10, before taking off, the aircraft initiates a registration request to a supervision platform through a 4G communication module to obtain a corresponding digital identity certificate; step S20, acquiring flight state data through a sensor and reporting the flight state data to the supervision platform when the flight state data is encrypted through a 4G network in the flight process of the aircraft; Step S30, the supervision platform receives the flight state data, and performs data analysis and space-time information analysis on the flight state data to obtain supervision information; And step S40, judging whether the aircraft has abnormal flight based on the supervision information, and if so, triggering the multilevel response early warning of the supervision platform. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the flight status data includes real-time longitude and latitude, altitude, speed, heading, attitude angle, time stamp, and battery level. In one embodiment of the application, the flight anomalies comprise flight region anomalies and flight behavior anomalies, an electronic fence database is established in advance, the supervision information is compared with the electronic fence database to judge whether the flight region anomalies exist in the aircraft, and machine learning is conducted on the supervision information to judge whether the flight behavior anomalies exist in the aircraft. In one embodiment of the disclosure, the multi-level response pre-warning includes information push, platform alert, and remote link intervention instructions, wherein the remote link intervention instructions include instructions to send forced return, hover, drop, or limit operational authority to the aircraft over the 4G network. In one disclosed embodiment of the application, the flight status data is encapsulated into a structured binary telemetry data frame and transmitted to the supervisory platform over a UDP channel, the remote link intervention instructions are encapsulated into a structured binary telemetry instruction frame and transmitted to the aircraft over a TCP channel, wherein the data frame and instruction frame follow the same predefined set of application layer protocols. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the frame structures of the data frame and the command frame are independent of the underlying network transmission system. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, furthe