CN-121983012-A - Acoustic super-structure material noise elimination structure and preparation method thereof

CN121983012ACN 121983012 ACN121983012 ACN 121983012ACN-121983012-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of acoustic meta-materials, and discloses an acoustic meta-material silencing structure and a preparation method thereof. The structure comprises a microporous plate structure layer, a porous material structure layer and an acoustic metamaterial unit array structure layer, wherein the microporous plate structure layer is provided with a first sound absorption channel group, more porous material structure layers of the microporous plate structure layer are close to a sound source side, the porous material structure layer is provided with a second sound absorption channel group, the acoustic metamaterial unit array structure layer is arranged between the microporous plate structure layer and the porous material structure layer and comprises a sound elimination unit group, the sound elimination unit group comprises a plurality of circumferentially arranged sound elimination units, the sound elimination units are enclosed to form a sound elimination cavity, neck channels are convexly arranged on the side wall of the sound elimination unit, the sound elimination cavity is communicated with the first sound absorption channel group and the second sound absorption channel group through the neck channels, and the inner wall surface of the neck channels is limited to form a sound absorption surface so as to reduce sound wave energy entering and exiting the sound elimination cavity.

Inventors

Zheng Kaite
LI FUCHUN
CHEN XIAO
XU CHANG
WANG WENQIN
WANG LEI

Assignees

上海飞机制造有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260130

Claims (11)

1. The acoustic metamaterial sound attenuation structure is characterized by comprising a micropore plate structure layer (1), a porous material structure layer (2) and an acoustic metamaterial unit array structure layer (3), wherein: The micropore plate structure layer (1) is provided with a first sound absorption channel group, and the micropore plate structure layer (1) is closer to the sound source side than the porous material structure layer (2); The porous material structural layer (2) is provided with a second sound absorption channel group; The structure layer (3) of the acoustic metamaterial unit array is arranged between the structure layer (1) of the micropore plate and the structure layer (2) of the porous material, the structure layer (3) of the acoustic metamaterial unit array comprises a sound elimination unit group, the sound elimination unit group comprises a plurality of sound elimination units (31) which are circumferentially arranged, the sound elimination units (31) enclose to form a sound elimination chamber (32), neck channels (310) are convexly arranged on the side walls of the sound elimination chamber (32) towards the sound elimination unit (31), the sound elimination chamber (32) is communicated with the first sound absorption channel group and the second sound absorption channel group through the neck channels (310), and the inner wall surface of the neck channels (310) is limited to form a sound absorption surface so as to cut down the sound wave energy entering and exiting the sound elimination chamber (32).
2. The acoustic metamaterial sound damping structure according to claim 1, wherein the acoustic metamaterial sound damping structure comprises two micro-pore plate structure layers (1) and two acoustic metamaterial unit array structure layers (3), the two acoustic metamaterial unit array structure layers (3) are arranged on one side of the porous material structure layer (2) at intervals along the direction parallel to the stacking arrangement of the micro-pore plate structure layers (1), the porous material structure layers (2) and the acoustic metamaterial unit array structure layers (3), and the micro-pore plate structure layers (1) are arranged on one side of each acoustic metamaterial unit array structure layer (3) away from the porous material structure layers (2).
3. The sound attenuation structure of acoustic meta-material as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first sound absorption channel group comprises a plurality of first sound absorption channels (11) arranged in a same row, and wherein the aperture of said first sound absorption channels (11) is set to be a, a is less than or equal to 0.1mm, and/or, The distance between adjacent first sound absorption channels (11) is set to be b, and b is more than or equal to 5mm and less than or equal to 10mm.
4. The sound attenuation structure of acoustic meta-material according to claim 1, wherein the second sound absorption channel group includes a plurality of second sound absorption channels (21) arranged in an array, the aperture of the second sound absorption channels (21) is set to be c, and c is greater than or equal to 50 μm and less than or equal to 200 μm, and/or the porosity of the second sound absorption channel group is less than 50%.
5. The acoustic metamaterial sound damping structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the porous material structure layer (2) comprises one of Gyroid curved surface structure, schwarz curved surface structure, diamond curved surface structure and Lidinoid curved surface structure.
6. The acoustic metamaterial sound damping structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the sound damping unit (31) comprises a fixed substrate (311) and extension parts (312), at least two extension parts (312) are distributed at intervals on one side of the fixed substrate (311) facing the sound damping chamber (32), and a space between adjacent extension parts (312) defines the neck (310); Around perpendicular micropore plate structure layer (1), porous material structure layer (2) with the direction that acoustic metamaterial unit array structure layer (3) stacked the setting, noise elimination unit (31) rotational symmetry sets up, two in the noise elimination unit group noise elimination unit (31) fixed base plate (311) with the horizontal surface of porous material structure layer (2) is parallel, wherein: -the fixed base plate (311) of the sound damping unit (31) close to the horizontal surface is provided with a set of vias (3111), the set of vias (3111) being used for communicating the sound damping chamber (32) with the second set of sound absorbing channels; The fixed base plate (311) of the sound damping unit (31) remote from the horizontal surface defines the microporous plate structure layer (1) and is provided with the second sound absorption channel group.
7. The acoustic meta-material sound damping structure according to claim 6, wherein an inclined included angle is formed between the extension part (312) and the fixed substrate (311), three extension parts (312) are distributed on the fixed substrate (311) at intervals to form two inclined neck channels (310) on the sound damping unit (31), a bending part (313) is arranged on the extension part (312) at the tail end, and the bending part (313), the fixed substrate (311) and the extension part (312) are semi-enclosed to form an open groove body which is communicated with the sound damping chamber (32); Of the adjacent two muffler units (31), the extension portion (312) located at the head end and the middle position in the muffler unit (31) on the upstream side is inserted into the open groove of the muffler unit (31) on the downstream side, the bending portion (313) in the muffler unit (31) on the downstream side is inserted into the neck passage (310) of the muffler unit (31) on the upstream side, and both sides of the neck passage (310) are the extension portions (312) located at the middle position and the tail end in the muffler unit (31) on the upstream side.
8. The acoustic metamaterial sound damping structure as claimed in claim 7, wherein the thickness d of the extension (312) is 10-50 mm, and/or the thickness e of the bending portion (313) is 10-50 mm.
9. The acoustic metamaterial sound damping structure as claimed in claim 7, wherein a sound absorbing gap (33) is provided between adjacent sound damping units (31), the sound absorbing gap (33) being in communication with the open channel.
10. The acoustic metamaterial sound damping structure according to claim 6, wherein the acoustic metamaterial sound damping structure comprises a frame (4), a containing cavity is formed in the frame (4), the micro-porous plate structure layer (1) and the acoustic metamaterial unit array structure layer (3) are contained in the frame (4), the porous material structure layer (2) is arranged at the end of the frame (4), and the frame (4), the micro-porous plate structure layer (1), the acoustic metamaterial unit array structure layer (3) and the porous material structure layer (2) are integrally formed.
11. A method for preparing an acoustic super-structure material noise elimination structure, which is used for preparing the acoustic super-structure material noise elimination structure according to any one of claims 1-10, and is characterized in that the method for preparing the acoustic super-structure material noise elimination structure comprises the following preparation steps: S1, in a first sound absorption channel group of a microporous plate structure layer (1), designing the aperture of a first sound absorption channel (11) and the distance between adjacent first sound absorption channels (11), and structurally designing an acoustic metamaterial unit array structure layer (3) and a porous material structure layer (2); S2, performing model coupling on the micropore plate structure layer (1), the acoustic metamaterial unit array structure layer (3) and the porous material structure layer (2) to form a modeling unit; S3, determining the materials of the microporous plate structure layer (1), the acoustic metamaterial unit array structure layer (3) and the porous material structure layer (2); s4, machining and forming the modeling unit.

Description

Acoustic super-structure material noise elimination structure and preparation method thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of acoustic meta-materials, in particular to an acoustic meta-structure material noise elimination structure and a preparation method thereof. Background Noise has become a major environmental pollution nowadays, and the noise problem is more and more emphasized. The aircraft production and manufacturing process involves a large number of working procedures such as drilling and riveting, hammering and riveting, and a large amount of impact noise can be generated, and the generated structural sound and air sound are transmitted in a factory building, so that great harm can be caused to the health and safety of workers and the environment. At present, noise is mainly controlled through a traditional porous sound absorbing material, but the sound absorbing capability of the traditional sound absorbing material structure is weak, and based on a mass density law, the thickness and the mass of the sound absorbing material structure are large, so that the light weight requirement in practical engineering application cannot be met. Based on the above, it is necessary to design an acoustic super-structure material noise elimination structure and a preparation method thereof to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide an acoustic super-structure material noise elimination structure which achieves the purposes of noise elimination and noise reduction while being light in weight. To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: An acoustic metamaterial sound attenuation structure comprises a microporous plate structure layer, a porous material structure layer and an acoustic metamaterial unit array structure layer, wherein: The micropore plate structure layer is provided with a first sound absorption channel group, and is closer to the sound source side than the porous material structure layer; the porous material structural layer is provided with a second sound absorption channel group; The sound meta-material unit array structure layer is arranged between the micropore plate structure layer and the porous material structure layer, the sound meta-material unit array structure layer comprises a sound elimination unit group, the sound elimination unit group comprises a plurality of sound elimination units arranged in the circumferential direction, the sound elimination units are enclosed to form a sound elimination cavity, the sound elimination units face the side wall of the sound elimination cavity and are provided with neck channels in a protruding mode, the sound elimination cavity is communicated with the first sound absorption channel group and the second sound absorption channel group through the neck channels, and the inner wall surface of the neck channels is limited to form a sound absorption surface so as to reduce the sound wave energy entering and exiting the sound elimination cavity. Preferably, the acoustic meta-material noise elimination structure comprises two micropore plate structure layers and two acoustic meta-material unit array structure layers, along the direction parallel to the stacking arrangement of the micropore plate structure layers, the porous material structure layers and the acoustic meta-material unit array structure layers, the two acoustic meta-material unit array structure layers are arranged on one side of the porous material structure layers in a spacing manner, and each acoustic meta-material unit array structure layer is provided with the micropore plate structure layers on one side far away from the porous material structure layers. Preferably, the first sound absorption channel group comprises a plurality of first sound absorption channels which are arranged in the same row, the aperture of the first sound absorption channels is set to be a which is less than or equal to 0.1mm, and/or, Setting the distance between adjacent first sound absorption channels as b, wherein b is more than or equal to 5mm and less than or equal to 10mm. Preferably, the second sound absorption channel group comprises a plurality of second sound absorption channels which are arranged in an array manner, the aperture of the second sound absorption channels is set to be c, c is more than or equal to 50 mu m and less than or equal to 200 mu m, and/or the porosity of the second sound absorption channel group is less than 50%. Preferably, the porous material structural layer comprises one of Gyroid curved surface structures, schwarz curved surface structures, diamond curved surface structures and Lidinoid curved surface structures. Preferably, the silencing unit comprises a fixed base plate and extension parts, at least two extension parts are distributed at intervals on one side of the fixed base plate facing the silencing chamber, and a space between adjacent extension