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CN-121983353-A - Fusion power plant system based on multi-stack one-machine and horizontal steam generator

CN121983353ACN 121983353 ACN121983353 ACN 121983353ACN-121983353-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear fusion power generation, in particular to a fusion power plant system based on a plurality of stacks of one machine and a horizontal steam generator. The technical scheme is mainly used for solving the problems that a large-capacity high-parameter turbine unit cannot be adapted in a one-stack one-machine matching mode adopted by an existing fusion power plant, a system is complex and high in cost due to the fact that an additional energy storage system is relied on, and economic stable power generation is difficult to achieve. According to the invention, through the design of multi-stack one-machine matching and multi-stack alternate operation, a high-capacity unit can be adapted without additional energy storage, the problems of low efficiency, high cost and complex system of the existing scheme are solved, and the economy and reliability of the fusion power plant are remarkably improved.

Inventors

  • DING ZHIYANG
  • TAO XINLEI
  • LIU SUMEI
  • GAO FENG
  • LIU XINZHI
  • WANG ZIJING

Assignees

  • 聚变能(合肥)工程设计院有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260206

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The fusion power plant system based on the multi-stack one-machine and horizontal steam generator is characterized by comprising a double-stack energy supply unit, a single-unit power generation unit, a loop driving unit and an alternate switching control unit, wherein the double-stack energy supply unit and the single-unit power generation unit form a switchable energy supply and power generation loop through the alternate switching control unit and the loop driving unit; The double-pile energy supply unit comprises a tokamak reactor A and a tokamak reactor B which are symmetrical in structure and alternately run in pulse mode, wherein the tokamak reactor A is provided with a cladding A BM01 (1-1) and a divertor A DM01 (1-2) in a matching way, the tokamak reactor B is provided with a cladding B BM02 (2-1) and a divertor B DM02 (2-2) in a matching way, and pulse running periods of the tokamak reactor A and the tokamak reactor B are complementary; The single-unit power generation unit comprises a high-capacity horizontal steam generator MH03 (3-1), a superheater MH04 (3-2), a single steam turbine MT01 (3-3), a condenser MH01 (3-4) and a feedwater heater MH02 (3-5); The alternating switching control unit comprises a three-way switching valve PV1A and a three-way switching valve PV1B for switching the energy supply of the main loop, a three-way switching valve PV2A and a three-way switching valve PV2B for switching the energy supply of the auxiliary loop, and a plurality of isolation valves and regulating valves.
  2. 2. The fusion power plant system based on a plurality of reactors and a horizontal steam generator according to claim 1, wherein the pulse operation cycle complementation of the tokamak reactor a and the tokamak reactor B is as follows: When the tokamak reactor A is in a t 1 ignition combustion stage, the tokamak reactor B is in a t 2 rest stage; When the tokamak reactor A enters a t 2 rest stage, the tokamak reactor B synchronously starts a t 1 ignition combustion stage, so that continuous energy obtaining of the single unit power generation unit is realized.
  3. 3. Fusion power plant system based on multi-stack one-machine and horizontal steam generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat storage capacity of the high capacity horizontal steam generator MH03 (3-1) is used to compensate for the heat fluctuation of the alternating running gap of tokamak reactor a and tokamak reactor B.
  4. 4. The fusion power plant system based on multi-stack one-machine and horizontal steam generators according to claim 1, wherein the energy supply and power generation circuit comprises a main circuit, an auxiliary circuit and a two-circuit power generation circuit; the cladding A BM01 (1-1) in the main loop is sequentially connected with the superheater MH04 (3-2) and the horizontal steam generator MH03 (3-1) through an isolating valve and a three-way switching valve PV1A, and then returns to the cladding A BM01 (1-1) through a main loop pressurizing device MP01 (4-1) and a three-way switching valve PV 1B; The cladding B BM02 (2-1) is sequentially connected with the superheater MH04 (3-2) and the horizontal steam generator MH03 (3-1) through an isolating valve and a three-way switching valve PV1A, and then returns to the cladding B BM02 (2-1) through a main loop pressurizing device MP01 (4-1) and a three-way switching valve PV 1B; The partial filter A DM01 (1-2) in the auxiliary circuit is connected with the feed water heater MH02 (3-5) through a regulating valve and a three-way switching valve PV2A, and returns to the partial filter A DM01 (1-2) through an auxiliary circuit pressurizing device MP02 (4-2) and a three-way switching valve PV 2B; the divertor B DM02 (2-2) is connected with the feed water heater MH02 (3-5) through a regulating valve and a three-way switching valve PV2A, and then returns to the divertor B DM02 (2-2) through an auxiliary loop pressurizing device MP02 (4-2) and a three-way switching valve PV 2B; Steam generated by the horizontal steam generator MH03 (3-1) in the two-loop power generation loop is heated by the heater MH04 (3-2) and then drives the steam turbine MT01 to generate power, dead steam is condensed by the condenser MH01 (3-4), the two-loop water supply pump MP03 (7-1) is pressurized, and the water supply heater MH02 (3-5) is heated and then returns to the horizontal steam generator MH03 (3-1).
  5. 5. The fusion power plant system based on the multi-stack one-machine and horizontal steam generator according to claim 4, wherein the three-way switching valve PV1A, the three-way switching valve PV1B, the three-way switching valve PV2A and the three-way switching valve PV2B are respectively provided with auxiliary pilot valves in a matched mode, and the auxiliary pilot valves are used for reducing valve switching resistance caused by temperature difference and pressure difference and switching double-stack alternate energy supply.
  6. 6. The fusion power plant system based on multiple stacks of one-machine and horizontal steam generators according to claim 1, further comprising a temperature active control assembly, wherein the temperature active control assembly comprises a superheated steam water spraying pressure reducing valve PV20 installed on an outlet steam channel of a superheater MH04 (3-2), and a water inlet end of the superheated steam water spraying pressure reducing valve PV20 is communicated with the bottom of the horizontal steam generator MH03 (3-1) and is used for extracting low-temperature water to be sprayed into the steam channel to reduce the temperature of the superheated steam.
  7. 7. A fusion power plant system based on multi-stack one-machine and horizontal steam generators according to claim 6, wherein the temperature active control assembly further comprises an electric heating device mounted to the horizontal steam generator MH03 (3-1) for temperature compensated heating and started in a hot standby state of the plant to achieve thermal insulation.
  8. 8. The fusion power plant system based on the multi-stack one-machine and horizontal steam generator according to claim 1, further comprising a steam supply parameter adjusting assembly and an overpressure control assembly, wherein the steam supply parameter adjusting assembly comprises a bypass valve PV18 and a bypass valve PV19 which are arranged in parallel on a bypass of the superheater MH04 (3-2), and the steam conveying path is switched by opening and closing the bypass valve, so that saturated steam or superheated steam is selectively output.
  9. 9. A fusion power plant system based on multi-stack one-machine and horizontal steam generators according to claim 8, characterized in that the overpressure control assembly comprises a pressure relief valve PV39 arranged at the top of the horizontal steam generator MH03 (3-1) for releasing the overpressure steam of the horizontal steam generator MH03 (3-1); The system further comprises a pressure release valve PV36 arranged on the main circuit replenishing tank MV01 (5-1), a two-stage pressure release valve PV37 and a pressure release valve PV38 arranged on the main circuit stabilizing tank MV02 (6-1), wherein the protection pressure of the pressure release valve PV37 is lower than that of the pressure release valve PV38, and the output end of the pressure release valve PV37 is communicated with the main circuit replenishing tank MV01 (5-1); The hydraulic control system further comprises a pressure release valve PV32 arranged on the auxiliary circuit replenishing tank MV03 (5-2), and a two-stage pressure release valve PV33 and a pressure release valve PV34 arranged on the auxiliary circuit surge tank MV04 (6-2), wherein the protection pressure of the pressure release valve PV33 is lower than that of the pressure release valve PV34, and the output end of the pressure release valve PV33 is communicated with the auxiliary circuit replenishing tank MV03 (5-2).
  10. 10. A fusion power plant system based on a multi-stack one-machine and horizontal steam generator according to claim 1, further comprising an optional external steam supply assembly comprising a very provided valve PV40, a valve PV41, said valve PV40 being in communication with the saturated steam outlet of the horizontal steam generator MH03 (3-1), said valve PV41 being in communication with the superheated steam outlet of the superheater MH04 (3-2) for outputting industrial steam to the outside of the plant.

Description

Fusion power plant system based on multi-stack one-machine and horizontal steam generator Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear fusion power generation, in particular to a fusion power plant system based on a plurality of stacks of one machine and a horizontal steam generator. Background Nuclear fusion power generation is an important development direction in the future energy field due to the advantages of rich fuel, cleanness, no pollution and the like. The steam turbine is used as a mature heat-power conversion device, is widely applied to the traditional power generation field, and is also a preferable heat-power conversion mode of a fusion power plant in the future. The current turbine technology is a high-parameter and high-capacity development trend, the unit can reduce blade loss and improve efficiency, and the unit kilowatt cost is lower, so that the turbine has remarkable technical and economic advantages. However, the existing fusion power plant design has two core bottlenecks, namely firstly, a fusion reactor (such as Tokamak) is currently built with smaller power scale (ITER project is the maximum global expectation, fusion power is about 500 MW), the existing scheme adopts a unit system matching mode of 'one reactor per machine', the energy output of a single fusion reactor cannot meet the requirements of a large-capacity high-parameter turbine set, the efficiency and cost advantages of the large-capacity set are difficult to enjoy, secondly, the fusion reactor cannot be continuously ignited in quite long time, the energy output is pulse, and the existing scheme can realize continuous power generation only by adding molten salt, oil and other energy storage systems, so that the complexity and construction operation and maintenance cost of the system are obviously increased. The related patents of the fusion power plant are disclosed to embody the design thought of adding energy into one reactor, for example, CN113012837A, CN112967827B adopts molten salt energy storage to be matched with Rankine cycle, CN112967826A, CN113053544A adopts oil energy storage to be matched with Rankine cycle, CN111075529B adopts oil or molten salt energy storage to be matched with Brayton cycle, pulse energy fluctuation is regulated through an energy storage system, and CN105976873A is not provided with energy storage, but cannot adapt to the current pulse operation technical stage aiming at a future steady-state fusion reactor. In summary, the conventional fusion power plant scheme has the problems of incapability of adapting to a large-capacity unit, poor economy, complex system and the like due to a one-machine-in-one matching mode and dependence on an energy storage system, and restricts the commercialized development of fusion power generation. In view of the above, the invention provides a fusion power plant system based on a plurality of stacks of one-machine and horizontal steam generators. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the problems that in the background technology, a one-stack-one-machine matching mode adopted by the existing fusion power plant cannot be matched with a high-capacity high-parameter turbine unit, a system is complex and high in cost due to the fact that an additional energy storage system is relied on, and economic and stable power generation is difficult to realize, and provides a fusion power plant system based on multiple stacks of one-machine and horizontal steam generators. The technical scheme of the invention is that the fusion power plant system based on a plurality of stacks of one-machine and horizontal steam generators comprises a double-stack energy supply unit, a single-unit power generation unit, a loop driving unit and an alternate switching control unit; the double-stack energy supply unit and the single-unit power generation unit form a switchable energy supply loop through an alternate switching control unit and a loop driving unit; the double-pile energy supply unit comprises a tokamak reactor A and a tokamak reactor B which are symmetrical in structure and alternately run in pulse mode, wherein the tokamak reactor A is provided with a cladding A BM01 and a divertor A DM01 in a matching way, and the tokamak reactor B is provided with a cladding B BM02 and a divertor B DM02 in a matching way; the single-unit power generation unit comprises a high-capacity horizontal steam generator MH03, a superheater MH04, a single steam turbine MT01, a condenser MH01 and a feedwater heater MH02; the alternating switching control unit comprises a three-way switching valve PV1A, PV B for switching the energy supply of the main loop, a three-way switching valve PV2A for switching the energy supply of the auxiliary loop, a three-way switching valve PV2B, a plurality of isolation valves and regulating valves. Optionally, pulse operation periods of the tokamak reactor a and the tokamak reactor B are complementary specifically as follows: W