CN-121983483-A - Lateral heat radiation structure for refrigerating electric vacuum detection device and electric vacuum detector

CN121983483ACN 121983483 ACN121983483 ACN 121983483ACN-121983483-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of optical instruments, and particularly relates to a lateral heat dissipation structure for refrigeration of an electric vacuum detector and the electric vacuum detector. The lateral heat radiation structure for refrigerating the electric vacuum detection device comprises a refrigerating module and a lateral heat radiation module, wherein the refrigerating module is connected with a cathode of the electric vacuum detection device and used for refrigerating and conducting heat to the cathode, and the lateral heat radiation module is connected with the refrigerating module and is arranged at a lateral position of the electric vacuum detection device in parallel with the axial direction of the cathode and used for conducting and radiating heat generated by the refrigerating module in a lateral direction. The lateral heat radiation structure for refrigerating the electric vacuum detection device is a refrigerating structure which has compact structure, high heat conduction efficiency and is suitable for various electric vacuum detection devices, so that the thermal noise and the thermal electron emission of core components are obviously inhibited, and the overall performance of the device is improved.

Inventors

ZHOU QIANG
JI CHAO
YANG SHUAI
LI KUINIAN
ZHANG MINRUI
XUE YANHUA
TIAN JINSHOU
CHEN PING
WANG JUNFENG
XU XIANGYAN
LIU HULIN
WEI YONGLIN

Assignees

中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260407

Claims (10)

1.‌ Is used for refrigerating a lateral heat dissipation structure of an electric vacuum detection device, and is characterized by comprising a refrigerating module and a lateral heat dissipation module, wherein the refrigerating module is connected with a cathode (1) of the electric vacuum detection device and used for refrigerating and conducting heat to the cathode (1), and the lateral heat dissipation module is connected with the refrigerating module and is arranged at a lateral position of the electric vacuum detection device in parallel with the axial direction of the cathode (1) and used for conducting heat generated by the refrigerating module laterally and dissipating the heat.
2. The lateral heat radiation structure for refrigerating an electric vacuum detection device according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerating module comprises a first heat conducting fin assembly and a first thermoelectric refrigerating module, the first heat conducting fin assembly is thermally connected with the cathode (1) and used for conducting heat of the cathode (1), the cold end of the first thermoelectric refrigerating module is connected with the first heat conducting fin assembly, and the hot end of the first thermoelectric refrigerating module is connected with the lateral heat radiation module.
3. The lateral heat dissipation structure for cooling an electric vacuum detection device according to claim 2, wherein the first thermoelectric cooling module comprises a first TEC cooling plate (4), and the arrangement mode of the first TEC cooling plate (4) is as follows: the first heat conducting fin assembly is thermally connected with the cathode (1), the first TEC refrigerating fin (4) and the cathode (1) are axially arranged in parallel at the lateral position of the electric vacuum detection device, the cold end of the first TEC refrigerating fin (4) is thermally connected with the first heat conducting fin assembly, and the hot end of the first TEC refrigerating fin (4) is connected with the lateral heat dissipation module.
4. The lateral heat radiation structure for cooling an electric vacuum probe device according to claim 2, wherein the first heat conducting fin assembly comprises a first heat conducting fin (6) and a second heat conducting fin (7), one side surface of the first heat conducting fin (6) covers the end surface of the cathode (1), the second heat conducting fin (7) covers one side surface of the first heat conducting fin (6) far away from the cathode (1), and the second heat conducting fin (7) is connected with the cold end of the first thermoelectric cooling module.
5. The lateral heat radiation structure for refrigerating an electric vacuum detection device according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerating module comprises a second heat conducting fin assembly and a second thermoelectric refrigerating module, the cold end of the second thermoelectric refrigerating module is thermally connected with the cathode (1) for refrigerating and conducting heat of the cathode (1), and the hot end of the second thermoelectric refrigerating module is connected with the lateral heat radiation module through the second heat conducting fin assembly.
6. The lateral heat dissipation structure for electric vacuum detection device refrigeration of claim 5, wherein the second thermoelectric refrigeration module comprises a TEC refrigeration piece assembly, the number of TEC refrigeration pieces in the TEC refrigeration piece assembly is adjustable according to the number of cathodes (1) in the electric vacuum detection device, and the arrangement mode of the TEC refrigeration piece assembly is as follows: When the cathode (1) in the electric vacuum detection device is single, the TEC refrigerating piece assembly comprises a single second TEC refrigerating piece (5), the cold end of the single second TEC refrigerating piece (5) covers the end face of the cathode (1) to form thermal connection, and the hot end of the single second TEC refrigerating piece (5) is connected with the lateral heat dissipation module through the second heat conducting piece assembly; When the number of the cathodes (1) in the electric vacuum detection device is multiple, the TEC refrigerating sheet assembly comprises a plurality of second TEC refrigerating sheets (5), the second TEC refrigerating sheets (5) are arranged on the end face of each cathode (1) to form thermal connection, the number of the second TEC refrigerating sheets (5) arranged on the end face of each cathode (1) is adjustable, and the hot ends of the second TEC refrigerating sheets (5) are connected with the lateral radiating modules through the second heat conducting sheet assemblies.
7. The lateral heat radiation structure for cooling an electric vacuum probe device according to claim 5, wherein the second heat conducting fin assembly comprises a third heat conducting fin (8), one side of the third heat conducting fin (8) is connected with the hot end of the second thermoelectric cooling module, and the other side of the third heat conducting fin (8) is connected with the lateral heat radiation module.
8. The lateral heat radiation structure for refrigerating an electric vacuum detection device according to claim 1, further comprising an anti-fog structure, wherein the anti-fog structure comprises an input window (9) and a cathode (1), the input window (9) and the cathode (1) are arranged on a signal input/output path at parallel intervals, a sealing cavity (10) is formed between the input window and the cathode, and inert gas is filled in the sealing cavity (10).
9. Lateral heat radiation structure for refrigerating an electric vacuum detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the lateral heat radiation module comprises a water cooling module (2) and/or an air cooling module, wherein the water cooling module (2) and/or the air cooling module are/is arranged at the lateral position of the electric vacuum detection device in parallel with the axial direction of the cathode (1) and used for conducting and radiating the heat generated by the refrigerating module laterally.
10. An electric vacuum probe, characterized in that a lateral heat dissipation structure for cooling an electric vacuum probe device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 is integrated.

Description

Lateral heat radiation structure for refrigerating electric vacuum detection device and electric vacuum detector Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of optical instruments, and particularly relates to a lateral heat dissipation structure for refrigeration of an electric vacuum detector and the electric vacuum detector. Background The electric vacuum detector is a core electronic device for realizing signal conversion, amplification or energy transmission by utilizing electron motion in vacuum or thin gas, and is widely applied to the fields of low-light detection, ray detection, microwave communication, spectrum analysis and the like. Typical classes of electric vacuum detection devices include photocells, photomultiplier tubes, microwave detection tubes, X-ray detection tubes, and the like. For photoelectric vacuum detection devices (such as photomultiplier tubes and image enhancers), the core component is a photocathode and is responsible for receiving incident photons and emitting photoelectrons, and the performance of the photoelectric vacuum detection device directly determines the sensitivity, the signal-to-noise ratio and the detection limit of the photoelectric vacuum detection device. For microwave and thermoelectric type electric vacuum detection devices (such as microwave tubes), the core component is a hot cathode, electrons are emitted through thermal excitation, and the temperature stability of the electric vacuum detection device directly influences the electron emission efficiency and the signal-to-noise ratio of the electric vacuum detection device. The common pain point of the two types of electric vacuum detection devices is thermal noise interference, and particularly, in a room temperature environment, a photoelectric cathode can generate thermionic emission due to thermal excitation in the photoelectric type electric vacuum detection devices, and in the microwave type and thermoelectric type electric vacuum detection devices, the thermionic emission is unstable due to temperature fluctuation. Both of these problems create background noise, i.e. in weak signal detection scenarios (e.g. deep space detection, low dose radiation detection), the noise may completely mask the valid signal. Therefore, the core component of the electric vacuum detection device is effectively refrigerated, and the electric vacuum detection device is a core technical direction for inhibiting thermal noise and improving the performance of the electric vacuum detection device. In the prior art, the following three methods are used for the refrigeration of the core component of the electric vacuum detection device: Firstly, the refrigerating sheet is in direct contact with a core cathode (a photocathode or a hot cathode) of the electric vacuum detection device to realize optimal cold conduction, but the layout design of a heat dissipation system is not involved, the space constraint of compact interfaces such as a C-shaped interface and a knife edge sealing vacuum flange is not considered, namely, an effective heat dissipation structure cannot be configured at an intercept within 17.5mm, so that the refrigerating effect is limited in practical application. Secondly, the high heat conduction materials such as sapphire are used as a cathode support piece of the electric vacuum device, and the cathode support piece is matched with a semiconductor refrigerating plate (Thermoelectric Cooler, TEC) to realize cooling of the core component, so that thermal noise can be reduced, and energy consumption can be reduced. However, the method only adopts a single refrigeration mode, has limited heat dissipation efficiency, and does not solve the problems of space layout of a compact interface and anti-fog of an observation window. Thirdly, the problem of heat generation of the photomultiplier (the subclass of the electric vacuum device) is solved by combining water cooling with TEC. However, in the method, the structural design is biased to axial layout, the volume is large, and the method cannot be adapted to compact interfaces such as C-shaped interfaces, knife edge sealing vacuum flanges and the like. Based on the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, it can be derived that the problems existing in the prior art for the refrigeration of the core component of the electric vacuum detection device are as follows: (1) The heat dissipation layout is incompatible with the compact interfaces, the prior art mostly adopts axial heat dissipation, and the heat dissipation structure is not fully configured due to the rear intercept conflict of the compact interfaces such as a C-shaped interface, a knife edge sealing vacuum flange and the like which are common to electric vacuum devices, and the refrigeration efficiency is not sufficient; (2) The refrigeration mode is single or the scene adaptation is poor, and the single heat dissipation mode is difficult to meet the differential heat dissipation req