CN-121983610-A - Cathode semi-open type air-cooled fuel cell bipolar plate and cell stack with same

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of air-cooled fuel cells, in particular to a cathode semi-open type air-cooled fuel cell bipolar plate and a cell stack with the same. The problems of poor air distribution and temperature uniformity, insufficient heat radiation capability and narrow operation temperature area existing in the design of the cathode plate flow field are solved. The bipolar plate comprises an anode plate and a cathode plate, wherein a hydrogen flow passage is arranged on the anode plate, an air flow passage is arranged on the cathode plate, the air flow passage comprises a plurality of mutually independent sub-flow passages, the sub-flow passages are arranged on the reaction surface of the cathode plate in an array manner along the length direction of the sub-flow passages, each sub-flow passage extends in a roundabout manner with even number of bends and is provided with independent air inlets and air outlets, and the sub-flow passages are positioned on two opposite sides of the cathode plate in the length direction. The battery pile comprises a plurality of bipolar plates, the bipolar plates are sequentially stacked, and a proton exchange membrane is arranged between every two adjacent bipolar plates. The cell stack further includes a current collecting plate and an end plate sequentially integrated at the outside of the cell stack. The flow field structure is highly integrated.

Inventors

• TIAN BINGLUN
• WANG FEI
• TIAN WENXIAO
• CHANG CHUAN
• GAO DONGQING
• HAN BING
• ZHAO QILIN
• SHEN CHENGYONG

Assignees

• 协氢(上海)新能源科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date

20260505

Application Date

20251230

Claims (6)

1. 1. The cathode semi-open type air-cooled fuel cell bipolar plate comprises an anode plate (1) and a cathode plate (2), wherein a hydrogen flow passage is arranged on the anode plate (1), and an air flow passage (20) is arranged on the cathode plate (2), and the cathode semi-open type air-cooled fuel cell bipolar plate is characterized in that the air flow passage (20) on the cathode plate (2) comprises a plurality of mutually independent sub-flow passages (200), and the sub-flow passages (200) are arrayed on the reaction surface of the cathode plate (2) along the length direction of the sub-flow passages; each sub-runner (200) extends in a roundabout way with an even number of bends and is provided with an independent air inlet (201) and an air outlet (202), and the air inlet (201) and the air outlet (202) are positioned on two opposite sides of the cathode plate (2) in the length direction; The air inlets (201) of the sub-runners (200) are arranged on a first long side of the cathode plate (2) in a concentrated mode, and the air outlets (202) of the sub-runners are arranged on a second long side, opposite to the first long side, of the cathode plate (2) in a concentrated mode.
2. 2. The cathode semi-open air-cooled fuel cell bipolar plate of claim 1, wherein the air inlet (201) and/or the air outlet (202) are provided with a flared flow cross-section.
3. 3. The cathode semi-open air-cooled fuel cell bipolar plate of claim 1, wherein the sub-channels (200) have a width of 1-3 mm and a depth of 0.6-4 mm.
4. 4. The cathode semi-open type air-cooled fuel cell bipolar plate according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen flow channel on the anode plate (1) is a parallel straight flow channel or a serpentine flow channel, and the anode plate (1) is provided with a hydrogen inlet (10) and a hydrogen outlet (10) which are communicated with the hydrogen flow channel.
5. 5. A cathode semi-open air-cooled fuel cell stack, characterized by comprising a plurality of cathode semi-open air-cooled fuel cell bipolar plates according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the bipolar plates are sequentially stacked, and a proton exchange membrane is arranged between adjacent bipolar plates.
6. 6. The cathode semi-open air-cooled fuel cell stack as recited in claim 5, further comprising a current collecting plate (3) and an end plate (4), wherein the current collecting plate (3) is disposed at an outermost side of the stack for collecting current, and wherein the end plate (4) is disposed at an outer side of the current collecting plate (3) and applies a fastening force to the stack by a fastener.

Description

Cathode semi-open type air-cooled fuel cell bipolar plate and cell stack with same Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of air-cooled fuel cells, in particular to a cathode semi-open type air-cooled fuel cell bipolar plate and a cell stack with the same. Background In air-cooled fuel cells, bipolar plates are a key multifunctional component with the core functions of uniformly distributing reactant gases (hydrogen and air), collecting and conducting current, supporting the membrane electrode assembly, and exhausting the reaction products (water and heat). Currently, in mainstream air-cooled fuel cells, the flow field design of the cathode plate (air electrode) is directly related to oxygen supply, water management and heat dissipation efficiency, and is one of the decisive factors affecting the performance, stability and life of the cell. Currently, the main flow field design of the cathode plate of the air-cooled fuel cell mostly adopts an open parallel straight flow channel or a simple serpentine flow channel. These conventional designs, while simple in construction, have the following significant drawbacks in practical use: 1. The air distribution and the temperature uniformity are poor, the parallel straight flow channels are easy to cause short circuit of air, the gas distribution at the tail end of the flow channels is insufficient, the simple serpentine flow channels can prolong the flow path, but the flow resistance is large, and the oxygen concentration and the temperature distribution are easy to be seriously uneven due to reaction consumption and accumulated water in the middle and rear sections of the flow channels. Such non-uniformities can lead to localized hot spots in the cell, drying out or flooding of the membrane electrode, thereby reducing operational stability and power density. 2. The heat dissipation capacity and the operation temperature are limited, namely the heat dissipation efficiency is limited, so that the working temperature of the battery is difficult to raise, the battery is sensitive to the ambient temperature, the operation temperature area is usually narrow, and the performance attenuation and even the thermal failure are easily caused by insufficient heat dissipation under high temperature or high load. Therefore, a bipolar plate flow field design and a battery structure matched with the bipolar plate flow field design are urgently needed, and on the premise of keeping the advantages of simplicity and low cost of an air-cooled fuel cell system, air distribution and temperature uniformity are fundamentally improved, the working temperature range is widened, and power density and operation stability are improved. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a cathode semi-open type air-cooled fuel cell bipolar plate and a cell stack with the same, which are used for solving the problems of poor air distribution and temperature uniformity, insufficient heat dissipation capability and narrow operation temperature zone in the design of a cathode plate flow field in the prior art. In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the invention provides a cathode semi-open type air-cooled fuel cell bipolar plate, which comprises an anode plate and a cathode plate, wherein a hydrogen flow channel is arranged on the anode plate, and an air flow channel is arranged on the cathode plate; Each sub-runner extends in a roundabout way with even number of bends and is provided with an independent air inlet and an independent air outlet, and the air inlet and the air outlet are positioned on two opposite sides of the cathode plate in the length direction; The air inlets of the sub-runners are intensively arranged on the first long side edge of the cathode plate, and the air outlets of the sub-runners are intensively arranged on the second long side edge, opposite to the first long side edge, of the cathode plate. Further, the air inlet and/or the air outlet are/is provided with a flaring-shaped flow cross section. Further, the width of the sub-runner is 1-3 mm, and the depth is 0.6-4 mm. Further, the hydrogen flow channel on the anode plate is a parallel straight flow channel or a serpentine flow channel, and the anode plate is provided with a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet which are communicated with the hydrogen flow channel. The second aspect of the invention provides a cathode semi-open air-cooled fuel cell stack, which comprises a plurality of cathode semi-open air-cooled fuel cell bipolar plates as described above, wherein the bipolar plates are sequentially stacked, and a proton exchange membrane is arranged between every two adjacent bipolar plates. The electric pile comprises a pile body, a current collecting plate, an end plate and a fastening piece, wherein the pile body is provided with a plurality of holes, the current collecting plate is arranged at the outermost side of the pile body and used