CN-121983613-A - Emergency inerting system and method for hydrogen energy aircraft fuel cell system for quickly preparing nitrogen based on vortex tube

Abstract

The invention discloses an emergency inerting system and an emergency inerting method for a hydrogen energy aircraft fuel cell system based on quick-acting nitrogen production by a vortex tube, which belong to the technical field of hydrogen energy aviation safety, wherein the system comprises an emergency liquid hydrogen supply unit, a quick-acting nitrogen production unit by the vortex tube and a gas release unit; the emergency liquid hydrogen supply unit is used for providing high-speed hydrogen jet, the quick-acting nitrogen production unit of the vortex tube comprises a vortex tube with a driving gas inlet, a separated gas inlet, a cold end outlet and a hot end outlet, the gas release unit is arranged in the fuel cell equipment cabin and used for releasing gas, the emergency liquid hydrogen supply unit is connected with the driving gas inlet of the vortex tube, the separated gas inlet of the vortex tube is communicated with the internal space of the fuel cell equipment cabin or a preset air inlet channel, and the cold end outlet of the vortex tube is connected with the gas release unit. The invention has the advantages of high response speed, self-supply of energy and raw materials, simple structure, reliable principle and the like.

Inventors

• LI CHAOYUE
• LUO JIANXUN
• XU LEI
• LIU SHA

Assignees

• 金陵科技学院

Dates

Publication Date

20260505

Application Date

20260128

Claims (10)

1. 1. An emergency inerting system of a hydrogen energy aircraft fuel cell system based on quick-acting nitrogen production by a vortex tube is characterized in that: Comprises an emergency liquid hydrogen supply unit, a vortex tube quick-acting nitrogen production unit and a gas release unit; The emergency liquid hydrogen supply unit is used for providing high-speed hydrogen jet flow; The quick-acting nitrogen production unit of the vortex tube comprises a vortex tube with a driving gas inlet, a separated gas inlet, a cold end outlet and a hot end outlet; The gas release unit is arranged in the fuel cell equipment cabin and is used for releasing gas; the emergency liquid hydrogen supply unit is connected with the driving gas inlet of the vortex tube, the separated gas inlet of the vortex tube is communicated with the internal space of the fuel cell equipment cabin or a preset air inlet duct, and the cold end outlet of the vortex tube is connected with the gas release unit.
2. 2. The hydrogen energy aircraft fuel cell system emergency inerting system based on vortex tube rapid nitrogen production of claim 1, wherein: the emergency liquid hydrogen supply unit comprises an emergency liquid hydrogen storage tank and a high-speed opening valve; And an outlet of the emergency liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected with a driving gas inlet of the vortex tube through the high-speed opening valve.
3. 3. The hydrogen energy aircraft fuel cell system emergency inerting system based on vortex tube rapid nitrogen production of claim 2, wherein: the system also comprises a monitoring control unit; The monitoring control unit comprises at least one hydrogen concentration sensor and a controller; the hydrogen concentration sensor is arranged in the fuel cell equipment cabin and is used for monitoring the hydrogen concentration in the fuel cell equipment cabin; The signal output end of the hydrogen concentration sensor is connected with the input end of the controller, the control output end of the controller is connected with the control end of the high-speed opening valve, and the controller controls the opening and closing of the high-speed opening valve according to the detection result of the hydrogen concentration sensor.
4. 4. The hydrogen energy aircraft fuel cell system emergency inerting system based on vortex tube rapid nitrogen production of claim 3, wherein: The controller is configured to control the high-speed opening valve to be opened when the concentration value detected by the hydrogen concentration sensor exceeds a preset emergency threshold value, and to control the high-speed opening valve to be closed when the concentration value detected by the hydrogen concentration sensor falls below a safety threshold value.
5. 5. The hydrogen energy aircraft fuel cell system emergency inerting system based on vortex tube rapid nitrogen production of claim 2, wherein: the high-speed opening valve is an electric explosion type high-speed opening valve or an ultrahigh-speed response electromagnetic valve.
6. 6. The hydrogen energy aircraft fuel cell system emergency inerting system based on vortex tube rapid nitrogen production of claim 1, wherein: The vortex tube quick-acting nitrogen production unit further comprises an anti-backfire flame retardant; the backfire-preventing flame retardant device is arranged at the separated gas inlet of the vortex tube.
7. 7. The hydrogen energy aircraft fuel cell system emergency inerting system based on vortex tube rapid nitrogen production of claim 1, wherein: the warm end outlet of the vortex tube is connected to a discharge line to the atmosphere outside the machine.
8. 8. The hydrogen energy aircraft fuel cell system emergency inerting system based on vortex tube rapid nitrogen production of claim 1, wherein: the gas release unit comprises a spraying device which is arranged at the top part in the fuel cell equipment cabin and around the high risk components.
9. 9. The emergency inerting system for the hydrogen energy aircraft fuel cell system based on quick-acting nitrogen production by the vortex tube according to claim 8, wherein: The jet device comprises a jet pipe and a nozzle array, wherein an inlet of the nozzle array is connected with an outlet of the jet pipe, and an inlet of the jet pipe is connected with a cold end outlet of the vortex tube.
10. 10. An emergency inerting method for a hydrogen energy aircraft fuel cell system based on quick-acting nitrogen production by a vortex tube is characterized in that the emergency inerting method is implemented by adopting the hydrogen energy aircraft fuel cell system based on quick-acting nitrogen production by the vortex tube according to any one of claims 2-9; The method comprises the following steps: S1, monitoring the concentration of hydrogen in a fuel cell equipment cabin; s2, when the hydrogen concentration exceeds a preset emergency threshold value, immediately opening the high-speed opening valve; s3, gasifying liquid hydrogen in the emergency liquid hydrogen storage tank after passing through the high-speed opening valve to form high-speed hydrogen jet, and injecting the high-speed hydrogen jet into a driving gas inlet of the vortex tube; S4, generating negative pressure in the vortex tube by high-speed hydrogen jet flow, sucking ambient air in the fuel cell equipment cabin or ambient air in the preset air inlet duct from a separated gas inlet, and separating energy and components in the vortex tube; S5, the low-temperature nitrogen-rich gas output from the cold end outlet of the vortex tube is released to a risk area in the fuel cell equipment cabin through the gas release unit to be rapidly diluted and inerted.

Description

Emergency inerting system and method for hydrogen energy aircraft fuel cell system for quickly preparing nitrogen based on vortex tube Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen aviation safety, relates to an emergency inerting system and an emergency inerting method for a hydrogen aircraft fuel cell system, and particularly relates to an emergency inerting system and an emergency inerting method for a hydrogen aircraft fuel cell system for quickly producing nitrogen based on a vortex tube. Background As the global aviation industry moves toward decarbonization, hydrogen powered aircraft have become one of the most promising technological routes. The hydrogen fuel cell is used as a core power device, and has remarkable advantages of high efficiency and zero carbon emission. However, the physicochemical properties of hydrogen also present unprecedented safety challenges in that hydrogen has very low ignition energy (0.02 mJ), very wide combustion limits (4-75% by volume), and very high diffusion coefficients. Under severe working conditions such as vibration, thermal circulation, pressure alternation and the like of the aircraft, potential hydrogen leakage risks exist at the positions of the fuel cell stack, the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle, the valve, the pipeline interface and the like. Once leaked, hydrogen is easily accumulated at the top of a closed or semi-closed equipment cabin, and explosive mixed gas is rapidly formed, so that serious flight safety hazards are formed. Currently, hydrogen safety protection for fuel cell compartments mainly relies on three levels of strategies, leak prevention, leak detection and leak mitigation. In the aspect of relief, the current measures focus on passive protection. For example, dilution is performed by means of natural ventilation or forced ventilation systems of the equipment bay, but its efficiency is greatly attenuated and response is retarded in high-altitude low-pressure environments. The multipoint distributed hydrogen concentration sensor can realize early warning, but can only trigger interlocking power-off or warning indication after warning, and lacks an active and rapid neutralization and inhibition means. Another idea is to use the conventional aeronautical inerting technology, such as to equip an airplane with a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder as an emergency air source. However, high pressure gas cylinders are expensive in weight and volume, have limited gas storage, and have costs for periodic inspection and replacement maintenance. The traditional airborne inerting gas generation system is mainly used for a fuel tank, the technical route (such as hollow fiber membrane separation or catalytic combustion) of the system is driven by engine bleed air or electric power, the system starting time is as long as a few minutes, the performance is reduced in a high-altitude low-power consumption mode, and the second-level or even millisecond-level emergency response requirement required by hydrogen leakage of a fuel cell can not be met completely. Therefore, developing a special emergency inerting system which is specially used for a hydrogen energy aircraft fuel cell system, can be started instantly, does not depend on a main power supply and is self-contained in energy has become a key technical blank to be filled in the field of hydrogen energy aviation safety. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides an emergency inerting system and an emergency inerting method for a hydrogen energy aircraft fuel cell system for quickly producing nitrogen based on a vortex tube, which are used for overcoming the defects of the prior art. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: The invention provides an emergency inerting system of a hydrogen energy aircraft fuel cell system based on quick-acting nitrogen production of a vortex tube, which comprises an emergency liquid hydrogen supply unit, a quick-acting nitrogen production unit of the vortex tube and a gas release unit, wherein the emergency liquid hydrogen supply unit is used for providing high-speed hydrogen jet flow, the quick-acting nitrogen production unit of the vortex tube comprises a vortex tube with a driving gas inlet, a separated gas inlet, a cold end outlet and a hot end outlet, the gas release unit is arranged in a fuel cell equipment cabin and is used for releasing gas, the emergency liquid hydrogen supply unit is connected with the driving gas inlet of the vortex tube, the separated gas inlet of the vortex tube is communicated with an inner space of the fuel cell equipment cabin or a preset air inlet duct, and the cold end outlet of the vortex tube is connected with the gas release unit. In order to optimize the technical scheme, the specific measures adopted further comprise: the emergency liquid hydrogen supply unit comprises an emergency liquid hydrogen storage tank and a high-speed opening valve, a