CN-121983614-A - Solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management circulating system of fuel cell and control method

CN121983614ACN 121983614 ACN121983614 ACN 121983614ACN-121983614-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management circulating system of a fuel cell and a control method, and belongs to the technical field of fuel cell thermal management and hydrogen storage. The system comprises a high-pressure hydrogen source, a solid-state hydrogen storage auxiliary heat source device, a fuel cell electric pile, a heat exchange mechanism, a pipeline switching unit and a controller, wherein the controller is in signal connection with all components and is controlled in stages, the control method relies on the system, the high-pressure hydrogen is controlled to enter the solid-state hydrogen storage auxiliary heat source device in a starting stage to absorb hydrogen and release heat for preheating the electric pile, the heat engine time is 1-10 min, the electric pile is heated to 310-340 k, the electric pile waste heat is utilized to drive the solid-state hydrogen storage auxiliary heat source device to absorb hydrogen and release the hydrogen for supplying hydrogen for the electric pile in a normal operation stage, external heat supply is not needed, the high-pressure hydrogen is introduced again in a stopping stage to enable the solid-state hydrogen storage auxiliary heat source device to absorb hydrogen and release heat, and residual water vapor purging is carried out on the electric pile for 0.5-5 min, and the system can be widely applied to fuel cell vehicles, engineering machinery, ships and fixed power stations.

Inventors

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Assignees

上海氢鸢科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260210

Claims (10)

1. A solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management circulating system of a fuel cell is characterized by comprising a high-pressure hydrogen source, a solid-state hydrogen storage auxiliary heat source device, a fuel cell stack, a heat exchange mechanism, a pipeline switching unit and a controller, wherein the controller is configured to control the high-pressure hydrogen to enter the solid-state hydrogen storage auxiliary heat source device to absorb hydrogen and release heat so as to preheat the stack, and to enable the solid-state hydrogen storage auxiliary heat source device to absorb and release hydrogen by utilizing stack waste heat in a normal operation stage, and to enable the hydrogen to be supplied to the stack, and to enable the hydrogen to absorb hydrogen and release heat again in a shutdown stage, so that residual water vapor of the stack is purged and anti-freezing to form a circulating working mode.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the heat exchange mechanism is configured to transfer heat between the solid state hydrogen storage auxiliary heat source device and the stack, the purge gas stream, and comprises at least one of air cooling, liquid cooling, and heat pipes.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the pipeline switching unit is configured to switch a hydrogen gas passage between a high-pressure hydrogen source, a solid-state hydrogen storage auxiliary heat source device, and a fuel cell stack.
4. The system according to claim 1, wherein in the normal operation stage, the stack waste heat is used as the only heat source for hydrogen storage of the solid-state auxiliary heat source device without external heat supply, the time of the stack preheating heat engine in the starting stage is 1-10 min, so that the temperature of the stack is raised to a preset threshold for the operation of the fuel cell, and the preferable preset threshold is 310-340 k.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the shutdown purge heat source is completely from solid hydrogen storage and absorption reaction heat, and is independent of stack waste heat and an electric heating device, and the residual water vapor purge time in the shutdown stage is 0.5-5 min, so that the requirement of complete purging of water vapor in the stack is met.
6. The system of claims 1-5, wherein the solid-state hydrogen storage auxiliary heat source device is a medium-low pressure module, the original high-pressure hydrogen supply structure is not changed, the hydrogen storage amount of the solid-state hydrogen storage auxiliary heat source device is 0.001-0.05 kg/kW, the hydrogen storage amount is matched with the rated power of a fuel cell stack, and the hydrogen storage amount is adjusted in a linear positive correlation with the increase of the volume/mass of the stack, so that the heat supply of preheating and shutdown purging of the stack is ensured.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is adapted for use in fuel cell vehicles, construction machinery, marine vessels, and stationary power plants.
8. A method for controlling the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management cycle of a fuel cell, which is applied to the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management cycle system of a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of: The method comprises the following steps of S1, starting a controller, namely controlling a high-pressure hydrogen source to be started, enabling a pipeline switching unit to act so that high-pressure hydrogen enters a solid-state hydrogen storage auxiliary heat source device to absorb hydrogen and release heat, preheating a pile, and automatically switching the controller to a normal operation stage after a heat engine time threshold of 1-10 min is reached; S2, in a normal operation stage, the controller controls the heat exchange mechanism to transfer the waste heat of the electric pile to the solid-state hydrogen storage auxiliary heat source device, so that the solid-state hydrogen storage auxiliary heat source device absorbs heat and releases hydrogen and supplies hydrogen for the electric pile; And S3, stopping the power generation of the electric pile by the controller, starting the high-pressure hydrogen source again to enable the solid-state hydrogen storage auxiliary heat source device to absorb hydrogen and release heat, purging residual water vapor of the electric pile, and automatically stopping purging by the controller after the purging time threshold of 0.5-5 min is reached.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the preheating heat of step S1 and the purging heat of step S3 are both transferred directionally through a heat exchange mechanism of the system, and the purging gas is heated by the heat exchange mechanism and then purges the galvanic pile.
10. The method according to claim 8, wherein in step S2, the stack waste heat fully satisfies the hydrogen discharge regeneration requirement of the solid-state auxiliary heat source device, hydrogen generated by hydrogen discharge is fully supplied to the stack, and no additional hydrogen is consumed in the whole cycle.

Description

Solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management circulating system of fuel cell and control method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell thermal management and hydrogen storage, in particular to a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management circulating system of a fuel cell and a control method. Background The fuel cell is used as a clean and efficient power generation device and is widely applied to the fields of vehicles, engineering machinery, ships, fixed power stations and the like, and the working process of the fuel cell has strict requirements on temperature, hydrogen supply and water vapor management. The fuel cell is started up and needs to rely on the external electric heating device to preheat the electric pile, and the residual water vapor in the shutdown stage is purged and prevented from freezing by depending on the residual electric pile waste heat or additional electric heating, so that the energy consumption and the hardware cost of the system are increased, and the problem of poor purging and preventing effects when the residual electric pile waste heat is insufficient is solved. The solid-state hydrogen storage technology is an important mode of supplying hydrogen sources of fuel cells due to the characteristics of high volume hydrogen storage density and good safety, and has the reaction characteristics of absorbing hydrogen, releasing heat and absorbing heat and releasing hydrogen, but the problems of low mass hydrogen storage density and high price of the normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device restrict large-scale commercial use. The prior art lacks a closed-loop scheme combining the thermal reaction characteristic of solid hydrogen storage with the overall-flow thermal management requirements of starting, running and stopping the fuel cell, so that the efficient cyclic utilization of the thermal-hydrogen linkage cannot be realized, and the industrialization application of the solid hydrogen storage system of the fuel cell is restricted. Therefore, developing a fuel cell solid-state hydrogen storage system and method which do not have external extra heat supply, adapt to the original high-pressure hydrogen architecture and realize full-flow closed-loop thermal management becomes a technical problem to be solved in the field. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management circulating system of a fuel cell and a control method thereof aiming at pain points of starting a heat engine and stopping and purging of the fuel cell in a low-temperature environment in the prior art. The heat management pain points of starting and stopping the fuel cell during low-temperature operation are solved, and the energy utilization rate and the service life of the fuel cell system are improved. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: The invention provides a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management circulating system of a fuel cell, which comprises a high-pressure hydrogen source, a solid-state hydrogen storage auxiliary heat source device, a fuel cell stack, a heat exchange mechanism, a pipeline switching unit and a controller, wherein the controller is in signal connection with the high-pressure hydrogen source, the solid-state hydrogen storage auxiliary heat source device, the fuel cell stack, the heat exchange mechanism and the pipeline switching unit and realizes action control. Furthermore, the heat exchange mechanism is used for realizing heat transfer between the solid-state hydrogen storage auxiliary heat source device and the electric pile as well as the purge air flow, and comprises at least one of air cooling, liquid cooling and heat pipes, and can be flexibly selected according to the application scenes of the fuel cell, so that the heat exchange efficiency and the installation space requirements of different scenes are met. Furthermore, the pipeline switching unit is used for realizing the switching of the hydrogen paths among the high-pressure hydrogen source, the solid-state hydrogen storage auxiliary heat source device and the fuel cell stack, realizing the accurate switching of the hydrogen paths in different working stages through on-off control, preventing the hydrogen from flowing back and ensuring the stability of the system operation. In the normal operation stage, the waste heat of the electric pile is used as the only heat source for placing hydrogen in the solid-state hydrogen storage auxiliary heat source device, no external additional heat supply is needed, the electric pile preheating heat engine time in the starting stage is 1-10 min, the electric pile temperature is increased to the preset threshold value of the fuel cell operation, the preferable preset threshold value is 310-340 k, the temperature interval is the optimal operation preheating temperature of the electric pile of the fuel cell, and the pow