CN-121983621-A - Solid-state hydrogen storage system of fuel cell and control method

CN121983621ACN 121983621 ACN121983621 ACN 121983621ACN-121983621-A

Abstract

The application discloses a solid-state hydrogen storage system of a fuel cell and a control method. The system comprises a solid hydrogen storage module, a waste heat recovery module and a dynamic control unit, wherein the solid hydrogen storage module comprises a sealed cavity, the sealed cavity comprises at least two hydrogen storage layers, each hydrogen storage layer is filled with hydrogen storage materials respectively and is provided with a micro-channel heat exchange array, two ends of all the micro-channel heat exchange arrays are connected with a liquid inlet main pipe and a liquid outlet main pipe respectively, the waste heat recovery module comprises a three-way valve, a heater and a circulating pump, the dynamic control unit comprises a sensor group and a controller, the sensor group is connected with a fuel cell, the solid hydrogen storage module and the waste heat recovery module respectively, and the controller is connected with the waste heat recovery module. The system optimizes heat management through the micro-channel heat exchange array, improves the reaction efficiency of the hydrogen storage material, and utilizes the waste heat of the fuel cell to solve the problems of low heat management efficiency and high energy consumption of the traditional hydrogen storage system.

Inventors

ZHOU YOUJIE
AN GAOJUN
SU XING
Ruan Man
WANG YAOHUI
CHEN JINMAO
LI PAN
HU GUANG
DONG PENGHAO
HUANG LONG
WANG XUDONG
XU WANLI

Assignees

军事科学院系统工程研究院军事新能源技术研究所

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20251225

Claims (10)

1. The solid-state hydrogen storage system of the fuel cell is characterized by comprising a solid-state hydrogen storage module, a waste heat recovery module and a dynamic control unit, wherein the dynamic control unit is respectively connected with the solid-state hydrogen storage module and the waste heat recovery module, and the solid-state hydrogen storage module and the waste heat recovery module are connected with a liquid outlet main pipe through a liquid inlet main pipe; The solid-state hydrogen storage module comprises a sealed cavity, the sealed cavity comprises at least two hydrogen storage layers, each hydrogen storage layer is filled with hydrogen storage materials respectively and is provided with a micro-channel heat exchange array, two ends of all the micro-channel heat exchange arrays are connected with a liquid inlet main pipe and a liquid outlet main pipe respectively, and the micro-channel heat exchange arrays are used for flowing heat medium or cooling liquid; The waste heat recovery module comprises a three-way valve, a heater and a circulating pump, wherein a first interface of the three-way valve is connected with a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell, a second interface of the three-way valve is connected with the heater outlet, a third interface of the three-way valve is connected with a liquid inlet main pipe of the solid-state hydrogen storage module, and the circulating pump is respectively connected with the heater, a liquid outlet main pipe of the solid-state hydrogen storage module and the cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell; The dynamic control unit comprises a sensor group and a controller, wherein the sensor group is respectively connected with the fuel cell, the solid-state hydrogen storage module and the waste heat recovery module, the controller is connected with the waste heat recovery module, and the controller is used for predicting the hydrogen demand of the fuel cell in real time according to data acquired by the sensor group and ensuring that the hydrogen release speed of the solid-state hydrogen storage module is matched with the load of the fuel cell by controlling the waste heat recovery module.
2. The fuel cell solid state hydrogen storage system of claim 1 wherein the sealed cavity of the solid state hydrogen storage module comprises a first hydrogen storage layer and a second hydrogen storage layer, the first hydrogen storage layer being positioned above the second hydrogen storage layer, the two hydrogen storage layers being separated by a horizontal separation structure, wherein the hydrogen release rate of the hydrogen storage material in the first hydrogen storage layer is greater than the hydrogen release rate of the hydrogen storage material in the second hydrogen storage layer.
3. The solid state hydrogen storage system of claim 2, wherein the microchannel heat exchange array within the hydrogen storage layer is comprised of a plurality of conduit layers, each conduit layer comprising a plurality of conduits disposed parallel to the separation structure and evenly distributed within the hydrogen storage layer.
4. A fuel cell solid state hydrogen storage system according to claim 3 wherein the tubes are metal tubes of diameter 2mm, the spacing between adjacent tubes within each tube layer being 5mm.
5. The solid state hydrogen storage system of fuel cells of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said controller comprises: The load prediction module is connected with the fuel cell output current sensor in the sensor group, predicts the hydrogen demand of the fuel cell according to the collected current data and outputs a hydrogen demand prediction signal; The flow control module is connected with the hydrogen storage module hydrogen discharge pressure sensor in the sensor group, receives real-time pressure data, is connected with the load prediction module, receives a hydrogen demand prediction signal, and regulates the flow of heating medium or cooling liquid by controlling the rotating speed of the circulating pump to ensure that the hydrogen discharge rate is matched with the load; the temperature control module is connected with a temperature sensor of the hydrogen storage module in the sensor group and a temperature sensor of the cooling liquid outlet, receives real-time temperature data, is connected with the load prediction module, receives a hydrogen demand prediction signal, and controls the heater, the circulating pump and the three-way valve to enable the temperature of the hydrogen storage material to be within a preset hydrogen release temperature range; the pressure control module is connected with a hydrogen storage module hydrogen discharge pressure sensor in the sensor group, monitors the fluctuation of the hydrogen discharge pressure, is connected with the flow control module and the temperature control module, and enables the hydrogen discharge pressure to be in a preset pressure range by cooperatively controlling control parameters of the two modules; And the safety monitoring module is connected with each sensor in the sensor group and is connected with the flow control module, the temperature control module and the pressure control module, and when abnormality is detected, the safety monitoring module outputs corresponding protection signals.
6. A control method of a solid state hydrogen storage system of a fuel cell, applied to the solid state hydrogen storage system of a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising: in the running process of the fuel cell, collecting current data output by the fuel cell through a load prediction module of the controller, and dynamically adjusting sampling frequency according to the current change rate so as to obtain the key characteristic of current change; based on the current change key characteristics, predicting the hydrogen demand in real time through a hydrogen demand prediction model; According to the hydrogen demand, the temperature of the hydrogen storage module and the temperature of the cooling liquid outlet, adopting a waste heat heating mode and a waste heat deficiency energy supplementing mode for dynamic regulation, wherein when the temperature of the hydrogen storage module is lower than the lower limit of a preset hydrogen release temperature interval and the temperature of the cooling liquid outlet is higher than a set threshold value, adopting the waste heat heating mode, and enabling cooling liquid of the cooling liquid outlet to enter the hydrogen storage module through a three-way valve and a micro-channel heat exchange array; when the temperature of the hydrogen storage module is lower than the lower limit of a preset hydrogen release temperature interval and the temperature of the cooling liquid outlet is lower than a set threshold, a residual heat deficiency energy supplementing mode is adopted, the cooling liquid at the cooling liquid outlet flows through a heater to be preheated and heated, and then flows to the micro-channel heat exchange array through a three-way valve.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein predicting hydrogen demand in real time based on the current change key feature by a hydrogen demand prediction model comprises: changing the current change key characteristics in a set time window into characteristic vectors, inputting the characteristic vectors into an attention mechanism layer of a hydrogen demand prediction model, and carrying out weighting treatment on the characteristic vectors according to the correlation of the current change key characteristics; fusing the weighted feature vector with historical hydrogen consumption data to construct comprehensive features; And inputting the comprehensive characteristics into a time sequence prediction network to predict the hydrogen demand in a future time window.
8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the method further comprises: The temperature control module of the controller adjusts the power of the heater, the running state of the circulating pump and the opening of the three-way valve based on a temperature-pressure cooperative control strategy of the fuzzy logic, wherein the temperature-pressure cooperative control strategy based on the fuzzy logic inputs temperature and pressure data acquired by a sensor group of the controller into the fuzzification module to be converted into language variables, logic judgment is carried out according to a preset rule base, a control decision is generated, the control decision is converted into a control signal, and the working states of the heater, the circulating pump and the three-way valve are driven.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises: collecting the hydrogen release pressure of the hydrogen storage module in real time through a hydrogen release pressure sensor of the sensor group, and analyzing the pressure fluctuation trend; according to the deviation between the hydrogen release pressure and the preset pressure range, the running state of the circulating pump and the power of the heater are adjusted; and monitoring the pressure change through a feedback control mechanism to ensure that the hydrogen release pressure is stabilized within a preset pressure range.
10. The method of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises: The flow, temperature and pressure data received by the sensor group are compared with a preset safety threshold in real time; When the related data is monitored to exceed the safety threshold, carrying out exception analysis, and outputting corresponding protection signals to a flow control module, a temperature control module and a pressure control module of the controller according to exception analysis results, wherein the protection signals comprise early warning prompts, parameter adjustment instructions and emergency stop signals.

Description

Solid-state hydrogen storage system of fuel cell and control method Technical Field The application relates to the technical field of hydrogen storage, in particular to a solid-state hydrogen storage system of a fuel cell and a control method. Background At present, the hydrogen storage mode mainly comprises high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, traditional solid hydrogen storage, solid hydrogen storage based on composite materials and the like. By compressing and storing hydrogen, the high-pressure gaseous hydrogen can realize a certain volume hydrogen storage density, but has the problems of high equipment cost, high hydrogenation energy consumption, explosion risk and the like. The traditional solid hydrogen storage mostly adopts metal hydride, although the hydrogen storage capacity is higher, the response is poorer at low temperature, the hydrogen supply speed is slow, the fluctuation of the equilibrium pressure of hydrogen absorption and desorption is greatly influenced by temperature, the stable hydrogen supply is difficult to realize by the conventional mechanical pressure reducer, and the hydrogen desorption efficiency is improved by an additional heat source. The solid hydrogen storage based on the composite material has a certain improvement in response speed and hydrogen release efficiency by combining the metal hydride with the nano material, but the preparation process is complex, and the hydrogen storage capacity and the cycle stability are required to be further verified. Disclosure of Invention The embodiment of the application provides a solid-state hydrogen storage system of a fuel cell and a control method. The technical scheme is as follows: In a first aspect, the embodiment of the application provides a solid hydrogen storage system of a fuel cell, which comprises a solid hydrogen storage module, a waste heat recovery module and a dynamic control unit, wherein the dynamic control unit is respectively connected with the solid hydrogen storage module and the waste heat recovery module, and the solid hydrogen storage module and the waste heat recovery module are connected with a liquid outlet main through a liquid inlet main; The solid-state hydrogen storage module comprises a sealed cavity, the sealed cavity comprises at least two hydrogen storage layers, each hydrogen storage layer is respectively filled with hydrogen storage materials and provided with a micro-channel heat exchange array, two ends of all the micro-channel heat exchange arrays are respectively connected with a liquid inlet main pipe and a liquid outlet main pipe, and the micro-channel heat exchange arrays are used for flowing heat medium or cooling liquid; The waste heat recovery module comprises a three-way valve, a heater and a circulating pump, wherein a first interface of the three-way valve is connected with a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell, a second interface of the three-way valve is connected with the heater outlet, a third interface of the three-way valve is connected with a liquid inlet main pipe of the solid hydrogen storage module, and the circulating pump is respectively connected with the heater, a liquid outlet main pipe of the solid hydrogen storage module and a cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell; The dynamic control unit comprises a sensor group and a controller, wherein the sensor group is respectively connected with the fuel cell, the solid-state hydrogen storage module and the waste heat recovery module, the controller is connected with the waste heat recovery module, and the controller is used for predicting the hydrogen demand of the fuel cell in real time according to data collected by the sensor group and ensuring that the hydrogen release speed of the solid-state hydrogen storage module is matched with the load of the fuel cell by controlling the waste heat recovery module. In one possible implementation manner, the sealed cavity of the solid-state hydrogen storage module includes a first hydrogen storage layer and a second hydrogen storage layer, the first hydrogen storage layer is located above the second hydrogen storage layer, and the two hydrogen storage layers are separated by a horizontal separation structure, wherein the hydrogen release rate of the hydrogen storage material in the first hydrogen storage layer is greater than the hydrogen release rate of the hydrogen storage material in the second hydrogen storage layer. In one possible implementation, the microchannel heat exchange array within the hydrogen storage layer is comprised of a number of tube layers, each tube layer comprising a plurality of tubes arranged parallel to the separation structure and evenly distributed within the hydrogen storage layer. In one possible implementation, the tubes are metal tubes having a diameter of 2mm, and the spacing between adjacent tubes within each tube layer is 5mm. In one possible implementation, the controller includes: the load prediction module is connected with the fuel cell