CN-121983622-A - Water circulation fuel cell power system and ship based on seawater hydrogen production

CN121983622ACN 121983622 ACN121983622 ACN 121983622ACN-121983622-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of seawater fuel cell power generation, and particularly relates to a water circulation fuel cell power system for hydrogen production based on seawater and a ship. The marine vessel comprises a seawater pretreatment unit for receiving seawater and removing impurities in the seawater, a fuel supply and mixing unit connected with the seawater pretreatment unit and used for mixing NaBH 4 with the seawater to form hydrogen fuel, a hydrogen fuel cell unit connected with the fuel supply and mixing unit and used for generating hydrogen through hydrolysis reaction, converting the hydrogen into direct current and generating circulating water, a circulation unit respectively connected with the hydrogen fuel cell unit and the fuel supply and mixing unit and used for sending the circulating water into the fuel supply and mixing unit, and a power unit connected with the hydrogen fuel cell unit and used for providing power for the vessel. According to the invention, seawater directly participates in the sodium borohydride hydrolysis reaction starting system, and the generated water of the fuel cell is recycled, so that a 'water-hydrogen-electricity' closed loop is realized, and the energy density and space utilization rate of the ship are improved.

Inventors

WU XIAOFENG
HE YUXIAO
WEI YONGSHENG
SUN LI
YUAN HAO
CHEN HAO

Assignees

西北工业大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260407

Claims (7)

1. A water cycle fuel cell power system for producing hydrogen from seawater, comprising: The seawater pretreatment unit comprises a multi-stage filtration unit and a water treatment unit, wherein the multi-stage filtration unit is used for receiving seawater and removing impurities in the seawater to ensure that the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in the seawater is less than or equal to 5ppm; The fuel supply and mixing unit is connected with the seawater pretreatment unit and is used for mixing NaBH 4 , seawater and circulating water to form hydrogen fuel; The hydrogen fuel cell unit is connected with the fuel supply and mixing unit and is used for carrying out hydrolysis reaction on the hydrogen fuel to output hydrogen, purifying the hydrogen, outputting direct current through electrochemical reaction, and generating circulating water; The circulating unit comprises a purifying unit and a circulating water tank which are sequentially connected, wherein the purifying unit is connected with the hydrogen fuel cell and is used for filtering and purifying the circulating water, and the circulating water tank is respectively connected with the filtering unit and the fuel supply and mixing unit and is used for storing the circulating water and conveying the circulating water to the fuel supply and mixing unit so as to mix NaBH 4 and the water to form hydrogen fuel; And the power unit is connected with the hydrogen fuel cell unit, inverts direct current into alternating current, and is simultaneously used for providing power for ships and storing electric energy so as to balance power.
2. The power system of the water circulation fuel cell based on the seawater hydrogen production according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell unit comprises a catalytic reaction unit, a purification unit and a hydrogen fuel cell, the catalytic reaction unit and the fuel supply and mixing unit are connected through a power output mechanism, a catalyst is arranged in the catalytic reaction unit to carry out catalytic hydrolysis on hydrogen fuel to output hydrogen, the purification unit is connected with the catalytic reaction unit and comprises a gas-liquid separator and a molecular sieve which are sequentially connected and used for purifying the hydrogen, the hydrogen fuel cell is connected with the purification unit, and the hydrogen fuel cell directly converts chemical energy of the hydrogen into direct current through electrochemical reaction and generates circulating water.
3. The seawater-based hydrogen-producing water-circulating fuel cell power system of claim 2, wherein the catalytic reaction unit comprises a catalytic bed carrier supporting a salt-resistant Co-B-P three-way catalyst or a Ni-B/carbon nanotube catalyst.
4. The power system of the water circulation fuel cell based on the hydrogen production by the seawater according to claim 1, wherein the multi-stage filtering unit comprises a primary filtering unit, a secondary filtering unit and an ultrafiltration unit which are sequentially connected, the primary filtering unit, the secondary filtering unit and the ultrafiltration unit are used for removing impurities and harmful ions in the seawater, and the ultrafiltration unit is connected with the fuel supply and mixing unit, so that the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in the seawater is less than or equal to 5ppm.
5. The seawater hydrogen-based water circulation fuel cell power system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the fuel supply and mixing unit comprises a storage unit for storing NaBH 4 and a mixing unit connected to the mixing unit, the mixing unit being connected to the ultrafiltration unit and the circulation tank, respectively, for mixing NaBH 4 , seawater and circulation water to form fuel.
6. The seawater hydrogen-based water circulation fuel cell power system of claim 1, wherein the power unit comprises a storage unit, an inverter, a motor and a propeller, the hydrogen fuel cell unit is respectively connected with the storage unit and the inverter, the storage unit is used for storing and outputting direct current to balance power, the inverter is also connected with the storage unit and the motor, the inverter is used for inverting the direct current into alternating current and providing driving electric energy for the motor, the motor is connected with the propeller, and the motor is used for driving the propeller to rotate and provide power.
7. A marine vessel comprising a hull and the water circulation fuel cell power system of any one of claims 1 to 6, the water circulation fuel cell power system being disposed along a central axis of the hull.

Description

Water circulation fuel cell power system and ship based on seawater hydrogen production Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of seawater fuel cell power generation, and particularly relates to a water circulation fuel cell power system for hydrogen production based on seawater and a ship. Background The ship gradually becomes core equipment for replacing the traditional manned ship by virtue of the advantages of low cost, zero personnel risk, all-weather operation and the like. The cruising ability and reliability of the power system are always key to upgrading the ship to open sea and long-period operation. Although the conventional hydrogen fuel cell has higher energy density, the conventional hydrogen fuel cell relies on high-pressure hydrogen storage, has potential safety hazards and has deficient hydrogenation facilities. Under the background, the sodium borohydride hydrolysis hydrogen production fuel cell has the characteristics of high energy density, theoretical energy density of 9.3kWh/kg calculated based on NaBH 4, controllable hydrogen production formed by adjusting the hydrogen production rate through reaction conditions, clean product only generating NaBO 4, water and the like, and becomes an important research direction of an unmanned ship power system. The unmanned ship power system is a typical application form of a sodium borohydride power system, and the core of the unmanned ship power system is composed of three stages of modules of hydrolysis hydrogen production, hydrogen fuel cell and power output. The device comprises a large-power fuel cell device for producing hydrogen by solid sodium borohydride hydrolysis, a CN115360394A, an all-solid fuel cell for producing hydrogen by sodium borohydride hydrolysis, a CN120207572A, a hydrogen fuel cell power ship, a CN118867299A and a solid on-site hydrolysis hydrogen production fuel cell system and a water thermal management method thereof, wherein the large-power fuel cell device comprises a CN118073599A and a solid sodium borohydride hydrolysis hydrogen production device and a working method thereof. However, the hydrolysis hydrogen production reaction system is required to be carried out in an aqueous medium, and has a severe requirement on water quality, in order to avoid the influence of impurities on the activity of a catalyst, a NaBH 4 solution with the weight percent of 10% -25% is required to be prepared by pure water to form a fixed load proportion of 2kg pure water matched with 1kgNaBH 4, the pure water load accounts for more than 65% of the total weight, the actual energy density of the system is only 30% -40% of a theoretical value, namely, the pure water load is less than or equal to 350Wh/kg,50kgNaBH 4 only supports unmanned ships to continue for 40-50 hours, a pure water tank, a fuel tank and a hydrolysis reactor are separately arranged, more than 35% of the space of the unmanned ship is occupied, the open sea operation is required to be periodically returned or carried out on site by pure water replenishment, the operation and maintenance period is shortened to 2-3 days, the cost is increased by more than 50%, and the unmanned ship long-period unmanned operation requirement is not met. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a water circulation fuel cell power system for producing hydrogen based on seawater and a ship. The invention establishes an integrated system by 'sea water pretreatment-hydrolysis hydrogen production-hydrogen purification-fuel cell power generation-water production recovery circulation-power output', and the core is to cancel a pure water storage tank, directly participate in a sodium borohydride hydrolysis reaction starting system through sea water, and recycle the water produced by the fuel cell, thereby realizing 'water-hydrogen-electricity' closed loop, and improving the energy density and space utilization rate of a ship. The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical proposal. One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a water circulation fuel cell power system for producing hydrogen based on seawater, which comprises the following components: The seawater pretreatment unit comprises a multi-stage filtration unit and is used for receiving seawater and removing impurities in the seawater to ensure that the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in the seawater is less than or equal to 5ppm. And the fuel supply and mixing unit is connected with the seawater pretreatment unit and is used for mixing NaBH 4, seawater and circulating water to form hydrogen fuel. And the hydrogen fuel cell unit is connected with the fuel supply and mixing unit and is used for carrying out hydrolysis reaction on the hydrogen fuel to generate hydrogen, purifying the hydrogen, outputting direct current through electrochemical reaction, and generating circulating water. The circulating unit is respectively connected with the h