CN-121983632-A - Explosion-proof cell structure with liquid cooling and electrolyte extrusion replacement functions

Abstract

The invention discloses an explosion-proof battery cell structure with liquid cooling and electrolyte extrusion and replacement functions, and belongs to the technical field of batteries. The structure includes a battery cell and a cooling system integrally integrated therewith. The cooling system is provided with a cooling cavity formed by enclosing the cover plate and the side wall of the battery cell, wherein a liquid inlet cavity and a liquid outlet cavity separated by a partition plate are arranged in the cooling cavity, and an independent air pressure cavity is optionally arranged in the cooling cavity. And the cooling cavity and/or the battery core is provided with an explosion-proof structure and is communicated with the cooling loop to form a controlled pressure release path. The extrusion plate driven by the elastic structure is arranged inside the battery cell, and the extrusion force is applied to the electrode plate to thoroughly discharge the residual electrolyte. The invention integrates the functions of high-efficiency liquid cooling heat dissipation, multistage buffering pressure relief and lossless electrolyte replacement into a whole, thereby improving the thermal management performance, the safety and the reliability of the battery cell and the maintainability in the whole life cycle.

Inventors

• DU XIAOXI
• Du Wuhao
• ZHU YUE
• Guo Touyang
• GONG ZERONG

Assignees

• 鸿钜新能源动力(江西)有限公司

Dates

Publication Date

20260505

Application Date

20251215

Claims (13)

1. 1. The explosion-proof battery cell structure with the liquid cooling and electrolyte extrusion replacing function comprises a battery cell and is characterized in that a cooling system integrated with the battery cell is arranged on one side of the battery cell, the cooling system comprises a cover plate which is flush with the top of the battery cell, the cover plate is matched with the battery cell to form a cooling cavity for storing cooling liquid, the cooling cavity is internally provided with the cooling liquid, and/or an explosion-proof structure is arranged on the outer side of the battery cell, at least one elastic structure is arranged on the inner side of the cooling cavity and/or the battery cell, an extrusion plate is arranged on one side of the elastic structure inside the battery cell, and the extrusion plate is connected with the elastic structure to extrude electrode plates inside the battery cell along with deformation of the elastic structure.
2. 2. The explosion-proof battery cell structure with liquid cooling and electrolyte extrusion replacing functions according to claim 1, wherein at least one partition board perpendicular to the cover plate is arranged in the cooling cavity, the partition board divides the cooling cavity into a liquid inlet cavity and a liquid outlet cavity, and the liquid inlet cavity and the liquid outlet cavity are communicated.
3. 3. The explosion-proof battery cell structure with liquid cooling and electrolyte extrusion replacing functions according to claim 1, wherein two partition plates are arranged in the cooling cavity and divide the cooling cavity into a liquid inlet cavity, a liquid outlet cavity and a gas pressure cavity, the liquid inlet cavity and the liquid outlet cavity are communicated, the gas pressure cavity is independent of the liquid inlet cavity and the liquid outlet cavity, a gas hole is formed in the top of the gas pressure cavity, and a gas pressure sensor is further arranged in the gas pressure cavity.
4. 4. The explosion-proof battery cell structure with liquid cooling and electrolyte extrusion replacing functions as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are respectively arranged at the top of the liquid inlet cavity and the liquid outlet cavity.
5. 5. The explosion-proof battery cell structure with liquid cooling and electrolyte extrusion replacing functions according to claim 1, wherein the elastic structure is arranged on one side of the inside of the air pressure cavity and is used for driving the extrusion plate to be matched with the inner wall of the other side of the battery cell to extrude the transversely arranged electrode plates.
6. 6. The explosion-proof battery cell structure with liquid cooling and electrolyte extrusion replacing functions according to claim 1, wherein the elastic structure is arranged on one side of the battery cell and is used for driving the extrusion plate to be matched with the inner wall of the other side of the battery cell to extrude the longitudinally arranged electrode plates.
7. 7. The explosion-proof battery cell structure with the liquid cooling and electrolyte extrusion replacing functions of claim 1, wherein a plurality of elastic structures are arranged and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the battery cell, each elastic structure is connected with one extrusion plate, and the two extrusion plates are matched to extrude electrode plates of the battery cell.
8. 8. The explosion-proof battery cell structure with liquid cooling and electrolyte extrusion replacing functions according to claim 1, wherein elastic films are arranged on four sides of the extrusion plate, the other sides of the elastic films are connected with edges around one side of the battery cell, the extrusion plate is elastically assembled in the battery cell through the elastic films, and the extrusion plate is matched with the rubber films to form a sealed elastic space in a deformed state.
9. 9. The explosion-proof battery cell structure with the liquid cooling and electrolyte extrusion replacing function according to claim 1, wherein the explosion-proof structure is arranged in the liquid inlet cavity, the number of the battery cells is multiple, one side of each battery cell is provided with a cooling system, a first rubber tube is connected between adjacent cooling systems, and two ends of the first rubber tube are respectively connected with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet of the adjacent cooling systems.
10. 10. The explosion-proof battery cell structure with the liquid cooling and electrolyte extrusion replacing function according to claim 1, wherein the explosion-proof structure is arranged at the top of the battery cell, a second rubber tube is arranged at the top of the explosion-proof structure, and the other end of the second rubber tube is communicated with the liquid inlet cavity.
11. 11. The explosion-proof battery cell structure with the functions of liquid cooling and electrolyte extrusion replacement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the explosion-proof structure is one of an explosion-proof membrane and an aluminum explosion-proof valve.
12. 12. The explosion-proof cell structure with liquid cooling and electrolyte extrusion replacing functions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the explosion-proof membrane and the elastic membrane are made of rubber materials.
13. 13. The explosion-proof battery cell structure with liquid cooling and electrolyte extrusion replacing functions as set forth in claim 1, wherein the cooling liquid is a heat-conducting, insulating and non-combustible liquid.

Description

Explosion-proof cell structure with liquid cooling and electrolyte extrusion replacement functions Technical Field The invention relates to the field of batteries, in particular to an explosion-proof battery cell structure with liquid cooling and electrolyte extrusion and replacement functions. Background With the rapid development of new energy automobiles, energy storage systems and portable electronic devices, battery cores such as lithium ion batteries are widely used by virtue of the advantages of high energy density, long cycle life and the like. However, there are several key technical challenges to be solved during the whole process of battery use and maintenance, especially in terms of thermal safety management under high power conditions and thorough replacement of electrolyte during battery maintenance. Firstly, the battery cell generates a large amount of heat during the working process, especially when the battery cell is charged and discharged with a large current. If the heat cannot be timely emitted, the temperature of the battery core is increased, the performance and the service life of the battery core are affected, and even thermal runaway can be caused, so that safety accidents such as combustion, explosion and the like are caused. The common air cooling and liquid cooling modes at present have certain limitations, namely, the air cooling structure is simple, the cooling efficiency is limited, the liquid cooling radiating effect is good, external pipelines, pumps and radiators are needed, the structure is complex, and the leakage risk exists. In addition, the battery cell is easy to generate a large amount of gas under abnormal conditions such as overcharging, short circuit and the like, the internal pressure is suddenly increased, the pressure release path of the traditional top explosion-proof valve is single, and the released high-temperature electrolyte is easy to cause secondary combustion or chain reaction. Therefore, an integrated battery cell structure with high-efficiency heat dissipation and multi-stage pressure release capability is needed to improve the safety and reliability under high temperature, high power and abnormal working conditions. Second, the performance of the electrolyte directly affects the electrochemical performance and cycle life of the battery during long-term use and maintenance of the battery. When the electrolyte is degraded due to aging, contamination, or moisture intrusion, it is often necessary to repair the electrolyte by replacement. In the conventional replacement method, the old electrolyte is discharged in a drawing or pouring mode, but the old electrolyte is very easy to remain between the electrode plates stacked or wound in multiple layers due to surface tension, capillary action and close adhesion between the electrode plates. The residual old liquid can pollute the newly injected electrolyte, so that the capacity of the battery is reduced, the internal resistance is increased, the cycle life is shortened, and even potential safety hazards are brought. Some existing improvement methods such as vibration, centrifugation or pressurized flushing are often complex in structure, inconvenient to operate, vulnerable to damage to electrode structures, and difficult to adapt to actual maintenance scenes of most packaged batteries. In summary, the prior art has not been able to solve the heat dissipation and pressure release safety problems in high power applications and the difficult problem of thorough electrolyte replacement during maintenance in an integrated cell structure. Therefore, it is necessary to design an innovative cell scheme, which not only can realize efficient thermal management and multiple safety protection, but also can facilitate thorough discharge and replacement of electrolyte between electrode plates, thereby comprehensively improving the performance reliability, safety and maintainability of the cell and meeting the increasingly high-end application demands. Disclosure of Invention In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an explosion-proof battery cell structure with liquid cooling and electrolyte extrusion and replacement functions, so as to solve the problems in the prior art. The invention provides a technical scheme that an explosion-proof battery cell structure with liquid cooling and electrolyte extrusion and replacement functions comprises a battery cell, wherein a cooling system integrated with the battery cell is arranged on one side of the battery cell, the cooling system comprises a cover plate which is flush with the top of the battery cell, the cover plate is matched with the battery cell to form a cooling cavity for storing cooling liquid, the cooling cavity is internally provided with the cooling liquid, an explosion-proof structure is arranged on the cooling cavity and/or the outer side of the battery cell, at least one elastic structure is arranged on the cooling cavity and/o