Search

CN-121983669-A - Electrolyte and lithium ion battery

CN121983669ACN 121983669 ACN121983669 ACN 121983669ACN-121983669-A

Abstract

The present disclosure provides an electrolyte and a lithium ion battery, the electrolyte comprising vinyl sulfate and a compound represented by formula (I): In the formula (I), R is independently selected from any one of hydrogen, halogen, amino, cyano, silane, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 acyl-containing group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 acyloxy-containing group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkynyl and substituted or unsubstituted 3-to 8-membered heterocyclic group. The electrolyte and the lithium ion battery provided by the disclosure have the advantages of simple formula, convenient manufacture and strong stability, and can effectively improve the battery performance.

Inventors

  • YU LE
  • MA CAIYU

Assignees

  • 远景动力技术(江苏)有限公司
  • 远景睿泰动力技术(上海)有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20251225

Claims (10)

  1. 1. An electrolyte solution, characterized by comprising vinyl sulfate and a compound represented by the following formula (I): Formula (I); In the formula (I), R is independently selected from any one of hydrogen, halogen, amino, cyano, silane, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 acyl-containing group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 acyloxy-containing group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, and substituted or unsubstituted 3-to 8-membered heterocyclic group.
  2. 2. The electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the heterocyclic group is selected from pyridine, carboxylic anhydride or imidazole, and/or Based on the total mass of the electrolyte, the mass fraction of the compound shown in the formula (I) is 0.05% -3%, and/or Based on the total mass of the electrolyte, the mass fraction of the vinyl sulfate is 0.05% -3%.
  3. 3. The electrolyte according to claim 2, wherein the mass fraction of the compound represented by the formula (I) is 0.1% to 0.5%, based on the total mass of the electrolyte, and/or Based on the total mass of the electrolyte, the mass fraction of the vinyl sulfate is 0.3% -1%.
  4. 4. The electrolyte of claim 1 wherein the compound of formula (I) comprises at least one of the following structural formulas: a formula (II), A compound of the formula (III), A compound of the formula (IV), Formula (V).
  5. 5. The electrolyte of claim 1, further comprising a compound of formula (VI): Formula (VI); The mass fraction of the compound shown in the formula (VI) is 0.05% -3% based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
  6. 6. The electrolyte according to claim 5, wherein the mass fraction of the compound represented by the formula (VI) is 0.1% to 0.5% based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
  7. 7. The electrolyte of claim 1, further comprising a solvent, the solvent comprising at least one of a carbonate, a carboxylate, wherein the carbonate comprises at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methylethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, or fluoroethylene carbonate; Based on the total mass of the electrolyte, the mass fraction of the solvent is 70% -80%.
  8. 8. The electrolyte of claim 1, further comprising a lithium salt comprising at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bis (trifluoromethane) sulfonimide, lithium acetate, lithium methylsulfonate, or lithium trifluoromethane sulfonate; based on the total mass of the electrolyte, the mass fraction of the lithium salt is 12% -16%.
  9. 9. The electrolyte of claim 1, further comprising an additive comprising at least one of lithium difluorobis (oxalato) phosphate, tris (trimethylsilane) phosphate, or lithium difluorophosphate; based on the total mass of the electrolyte, the mass fraction of the additive is 1.5% -3.5%.
  10. 10. A lithium ion battery comprising the electrolyte of any one of claims 1-9.

Description

Electrolyte and lithium ion battery Technical Field The disclosure relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to an electrolyte and a lithium ion battery. Background In the context of global energy transformation and rapid development of the electric automobile industry, high-energy density lithium ion batteries have become the core direction of power battery technology development. In order to break through the energy density bottleneck, a combined system of a high-nickel ternary anode and a high-capacity silicon-based anode is widely adopted. However, under the working conditions of high voltage (more than or equal to 4.25V) and high temperature (more than or equal to 45 ℃), the stability of the interface of the positive electrode is rapidly deteriorated, and a series of chain side reactions can be initiated. Although electrolyte additives have been widely used to improve the interfacial stability of lithium ion batteries, conventional single-function additives are difficult to effectively address multiple challenges under high temperature, high voltage conditions in high nickel positive and high silicon negative electrode systems. Thus, there is a need for an electrolyte for a composite additive system that can enhance the performance of a battery. Disclosure of Invention In view of the above, the disclosure is directed to an electrolyte and a lithium ion battery for solving the above technical problems. In a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an electrolyte comprising vinyl sulfate and a compound represented by the following formula (I): in the formula (I), R is independently selected from any one of hydrogen, halogen, amino, cyano, silane, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-C6 acyl-containing group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-C6 acyloxy-containing group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-C6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-C6 alkynyl and substituted or unsubstituted 3-to 8-membered heterocyclic group. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic group is selected from pyridine, carboxylic anhydride or imidazole, and/or the mass fraction of the compound represented by formula (I) is 0.05% -3% based on the total mass of the electrolyte, and/or the mass fraction of the vinyl sulfate is 0.05% -3% based on the total mass of the electrolyte. In some embodiments, the mass fraction of the compound of formula (I) is 0.1% -0.5% based on the total mass of the electrolyte, and/or the mass fraction of the vinyl sulfate is 0.3% -1% based on the total mass of the electrolyte. In some embodiments, the compound of formula (I) comprises at least one of the following structural formulas: a formula (II), A compound of the formula (III), A compound of the formula (IV),Formula (V). In some embodiments, the electrolyte further comprises a compound of formula (VI): the mass fraction of the compound shown in the formula (VI) is 0.05% -3% based on the total mass of the electrolyte. In some embodiments, the mass fraction of the compound of formula (VI) is 0.1% -0.5% based on the total mass of the electrolyte. In some embodiments, the electrolyte further comprises a solvent, wherein the solvent comprises at least one of carbonate and carboxylate, wherein the carbonate comprises at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate or fluoroethylene carbonate, the carboxylate comprises at least one of ethyl formate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate or ethyl propionate, and the mass fraction of the solvent is 70% -80% based on the total mass of the electrolyte. In some embodiments, the electrolyte further comprises a lithium salt comprising at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, lithium acetate, lithium methylsulfonate, or lithium trifluoromethylsulfonate, the mass fraction of the lithium salt being 12% -16% based on the total mass of the electrolyte. In some embodiments, the electrolyte further comprises an additive comprising at least one of lithium difluorobis (oxalato) phosphate, tris (trimethylsilane) phosphate, or lithium difluorophosphate, the mass fraction of the additive being 1.5% -3.5% based on the total mass of the electrolyte. In a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a lithium ion battery comprising an electrolyte as described in the first aspect above. As can be seen from the above, the present disclosure provides an electrolyte including vinyl sulfate and a compound represented by formula (I), wherein R is independently selected from any one of hydrogen, halogen, amino, cyano, silyl, an acyl-containing group of substituted or unsubstituted C 1-C6, an acyloxy-containing group of substituted or unsubstituted C 1-C6, an alkyl group of substituted or unsubstituted C 1-C6, an alkenyl group of substituted or unsubstituted C 2-C6, an alkynyl group of substituted or unsubstituted C 2-C6, and a substituted