CN-121983681-A - Iodine-containing acetonitrile electrolyte for high-energy-density battery, and preparation method and application thereof

CN121983681ACN 121983681 ACN121983681 ACN 121983681ACN-121983681-A

Abstract

The application relates to an iodoacetonitrile electrolyte for a high-energy-density battery, and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of water-based zinc-iodine batteries. The application relates to an electrolyte containing iodoacetonitrile for a high-energy-density battery, which comprises zinc salt, iodoacetonitrile and deionized water. Compared with the traditional zinc-iodine battery which only depends on the oxidation reduction of the iodine positive electrode, the battery prepared by the iodic acetonitrile electrolyte for the high-energy-density battery can generate self-oxidation reduction in the charge and discharge process, reduce the multi-iodide shuttle effect, further reduce the corrosion to the negative electrode and obviously improve the battery capacity. Furthermore, unlike high energy density zinc ion cells of the multiple electron transfer type, iodoacetonitrile does not provide an additional redox platform, but rather enhances I through a special channel of electrolyte medium autooxidation-reduction ‑ I 0 reaction.

Inventors

SHI XIAODONG
WANG JIA
QIU CHAO
YANG MINGHAN
TIAN XINLONG
YANG YUTING

Assignees

海南大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260203

Claims (10)

1. An electrolyte containing iodoacetonitrile for a high energy density battery is characterized by comprising zinc salt, iodoacetonitrile and deionized water.
2. The iodoacetonitrile electrolyte for high energy density batteries according to claim 1, wherein the iodoacetonitrile accounts for 0.1-30 wt.% of the total mass of zinc salt and deionized water.
3. The iodoacetonitrile electrolyte for high energy density cells of claim 1, wherein the iodoacetonitrile has a purity of 97-99.9%.
4. The iodoacetonitrile electrolyte for high energy density cells according to claim 1 wherein the zinc salt is selected from at least one of zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc chloride, zinc perchlorate, zinc tetrafluoroborate, zinc trifluoromethane sulfonate, zinc bis (trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide.
5. The iodoacetonitrile electrolyte for high energy density batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that the molar concentration of zinc salt is 1.0-10.0 mol kg -1 .
6. The iodoacetonitrile-containing electrolyte for high energy density cells according to claim 1, wherein the zinc salt has a purity of 95-99.999%.
7. A method for preparing the iodoacetonitrile electrolyte for high energy density batteries according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of: And (3) dissolving zinc salt and iodoacetonitrile in deionized water, and fully stirring and mixing to obtain the iodoacetonitrile electrolyte for the high-energy-density battery.
8. A high energy density battery comprising a positive electrode, a separator, a metallic zinc negative electrode, and the iodoacetonitrile electrolyte for a high energy density battery of any one of claims 1 to 6.
9. The high energy density battery of claim 8, wherein the separator is one of a glass fiber, a hydrophilic polypropylene film, a monosulfonated composite separator, and a double sulfonated composite separator.
10. The high energy density battery of claim 8 wherein the current collector for the iodine-containing positive electrode is selected from one of titanium foil, titanium mesh, steel mesh, carbon cloth, carbon paper, graphite paper.

Description

Iodine-containing acetonitrile electrolyte for high-energy-density battery, and preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The application relates to the technical field of water-based zinc-iodine batteries, in particular to an acetonitrile electrolyte containing iodine for a high-energy-density battery, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background The energy storage device is used as a core carrier for energy transfer and efficient management, and plays an important role in the supply of energy and the guarantee of energy stability. Compared with widely applied lithium ion batteries, the water-based battery has a huge application prospect due to the incombustibility advantage, wherein the zinc-based battery has low cost due to zinc metal and has outstanding energy storage rich advantages. However, zinc-iodine cells face shuttling of the positive electrode polyiodides and self-discharge with the zinc negative electrode, resulting in energy decay and reduced cycle life of the zinc-iodine cell. In conventional zinc-iodine batteries, the iodine active species rely on an iodine-carrying elemental positive electrode or an iodine-containing negative ion electrolyte. However, low solubility I 2 spontaneously complexes with I -, forming high solubility I 3-,I3- further consumes elemental iodine, forming I 5-, concentration polarization drives the multi-iodide to shuttle to the zinc anode, corroding the zinc anode while producing electron transfer that does not provide battery capacity. Disclosure of Invention In view of the above, the application provides an iodoacetonitrile electrolyte for a high-energy-density battery, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the electrolyte can inhibit shuttle of multi-iodide in an anode and corrosion to a cathode, and meanwhile, iodoacetonitrile can generate oxidation reduction per se, so that the charge and discharge capacity of the zinc-iodine battery can be improved, and the defects in the prior art can be effectively overcome. In a first aspect, the application provides an iodoacetonitrile-containing electrolyte for use in a high energy density battery comprising zinc salt, iodoacetonitrile and deionized water. The autoxidation and reduction of the iodoacetonitrile in the application form iodine simple substance in one step, and the iodoacetonitrile does not depend on the cross reaction of the intermediate product of I -. In the electrolyte, the active substance exists in the form of iodoacetonitrile molecules, so that the disproportionation reaction of multi-iodide shuttling is fundamentally avoided. In addition, compared with the multiple pairs of redox platforms provided by the zinc-iodine/zinc-bromine-iodine battery with multiple electron transfer, the application does not provide an additional redox platform compared with the traditional zinc-iodine battery, but enhances I through electrolyte medium -I 0 reaction, the conversion of electric energy and chemical energy still belongs to I -I 0 reaction. In particular, the mode can completely get rid of the dependence on the surface load of the iodine positive electrode on the premise of avoiding multi-iodide shuttling, and can still exert high specific discharge capacity and generate a redox platform under the condition of not containing the iodine positive electrode. Preferably, the iodoacetonitrile accounts for 0.1-30 wt.% of the total mass of the zinc salt and the deionized water. Specifically, the iodoacetonitrile accounts for 5-15 wt.% of the total mass of zinc salt and deionized water. Specifically, in the operation process, zinc salt is firstly dissolved in deionized water to form initial electrolyte, the initial electrolyte is weighed, and iodoacetonitrile IAN is added according to the weight ratio. For example, when 10 wt% by mass is added, 0.1g of iodoacetonitrile IAN is added to 1g of the initial electrolyte. Preferably, the purity of the iodoacetonitrile is 97-99.9%. Specifically, the purity of the iodoacetonitrile is 99.0-99.9%, and the iodoacetonitrile is a product purchased in the field. Preferably, the zinc salt is selected from at least one of zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc chloride, zinc perchlorate, zinc tetrafluoroborate, zinc trifluoromethane sulfonate, and zinc bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide. Specifically, the zinc salt is a zinc salt commercially available in the art. Preferably, the molar concentration of the zinc salt is 1.0-10.0 mol kg -1. Specifically, the mass molar concentration of the zinc salt is 2.0-4.0 mol kg -1. Preferably, the purity of the zinc salt is 95-99.999%. Specifically, the purity of the zinc salt is 99.0-99.999%. The second aspect of the application also provides a preparation method of the iodinated acetonitrile electrolyte for the high-energy-density battery, which comprises the following steps: And (3) dissolving zinc salt and iodoacetonitrile in deionized water, and fully stirring and mixing to obtain the iodoacetonitrile