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CN-121983698-A - Low-carbon waste lead storage battery recovery system

CN121983698ACN 121983698 ACN121983698 ACN 121983698ACN-121983698-A

Abstract

The invention relates to a low-carbon recovery system and a recovery process of a waste lead storage battery. The waste battery pretreatment unit is provided with a waste battery storage chamber, a discharge chamber, a gas collection chamber and a chamber to be crushed which are sequentially communicated and used for storing waste batteries, producing hydrogen by residual electrolysis and temporarily storing. The crushing and sorting unit comprises a multi-stage crusher, a screening machine, a sorting machine and a filter press and is used for separating and obtaining lead grids, lead alloy blocks, light plastics, heavy plastics and waste lead plaster. The lead smelting unit comprises a gas-liquid separation tank, a gas mixing tank and a side blowing furnace, wherein the gas generated by electrolytic hydrogen production is purified and dried and then mixed with natural gas to form mixed gas, and the mixed gas is used as fuel of the side blowing furnace, and waste lead paste is reduced and smelted in the side blowing furnace to obtain crude lead. The system realizes the low-carbon environment-friendly recovery treatment of the waste lead storage battery by taking the byproduct of the waste battery residual electricity electrolysis hydrogen production as smelting fuel, and improves the resource utilization rate.

Inventors

  • Yin Yangming
  • YU CHAOPING
  • GU HONGZHAN
  • CHEN SIMING
  • HUANG DEYUN
  • YIN SHANG

Assignees

  • 浙江中创资源循环利用创新中心有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260205

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The low-carbon recovery system of the waste lead storage battery is characterized by comprising a waste battery pretreatment unit (1), a crushing and sorting unit (2) and a lead smelting unit (3); The waste lead storage battery to be treated is subjected to residual electricity electrolysis to produce hydrogen, the generated gas is collected and led out and then is connected into a lead smelting unit (3) for treatment, the treated gas is mixed with natural gas to form mixed gas, and the mixed gas is used as a side blowing furnace (33) of the lead smelting unit (3) to heat fuel; The discharged waste batteries enter a waste battery pretreatment unit (1) and are grabbed to a crushing and sorting unit (2), lead grids, lead alloy blocks, light plastics, heavy plastics and waste lead paste are separated after being processed by the crushing and sorting unit (2), and the obtained waste lead paste is conveyed to a lead smelting unit (3) to be subjected to reduction smelting to obtain crude lead.
  2. 2. The low-carbon recovery system of the waste lead storage battery according to claim 1, wherein the waste battery pretreatment unit (1) comprises a pit with the bottom extending from high to low, and a waste battery storage chamber (11), a discharge chamber (12), a gas collection chamber (13) and a chamber to be crushed (14) are sequentially arranged downwards along the height.
  3. 3. The low-carbon recovery system of the waste lead storage battery according to claim 2, wherein a first discharging gate (15) is arranged between the waste battery storage chamber (11) and the discharge chamber (12); A second discharging gate (16) is arranged between the battery gas collection chamber (13) and the chamber (14) to be crushed.
  4. 4. A low-carbon recovery system for waste lead accumulators according to claim 3, characterized in that a grab (17) is arranged above the chamber (14) to be crushed, said grab (17) comprising a row crane and a grab (171) mounted on said row crane.
  5. 5. The low-carbon recovery system for waste lead storage batteries according to claim 4, wherein the lead smelting unit (3) comprises a gas-liquid separation tank (31), a gas mixing tank (32) and a side-blowing furnace (33) which are sequentially and backwardly communicated.
  6. 6. The low-carbon recovery system for waste lead storage batteries of claim 1, wherein said system comprises The crushing and sorting unit (2) is provided with a waste liquid sedimentation tank, and the obtained waste water is pumped into the waste battery pretreatment unit (1) to serve as electrolyte of the discharge chamber (12).
  7. 7. The low-carbon recovery system for waste lead storage batteries of claim 5, wherein said system comprises The gas generated by the discharge chamber (12) is led into a gas-liquid separation tank (31) of the lead smelting unit (3) through a gas collecting chamber pipeline.
  8. 8. The low-carbon recovery system for the waste lead storage battery according to claim 5, wherein the waste lead plaster after being subjected to pressure filtration by the crushing and sorting unit (2) is conveyed and fed to a side blowing furnace (33) through a screw metering feeder.
  9. 9. A waste battery recycling process using the low-carbon recycling system of the waste lead storage battery of claim 5, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: Step one, transporting and collecting the waste lead storage battery to be treated to a waste battery storage chamber (11) for storage; Step two, the waste lead storage battery enters a discharge chamber (12) from a waste battery storage chamber (11), the waste lead storage battery performs residual electricity discharge hydrogen production in the discharge chamber (12), and the discharged waste lead storage battery enters a chamber (14) to be crushed from a waste battery gas collection chamber (13); Step three, the discharged waste batteries in the crushing chamber (14) are grabbed by a grab bucket device (17) and enter a crushing and sorting unit (2), so that lead grids, lead alloy blocks, light plastics, remolded materials and waste lead plaster are separated and obtained; Step four, purifying and drying the gas collected in the gas collection chamber (13) in the step two by a gas-liquid separation tank (31), and then, introducing the gas into a gas mixing tank (32) to be uniformly mixed with natural gas to obtain mixed gas, wherein the mixed gas is used for medium oxygen-enriched combustion fuel; and fifthly, reducing and smelting the waste lead paste obtained through separation in the step three in a side blowing furnace (33) to obtain crude lead, wherein the side blowing furnace (33) is supplied with oxygen from an oxygen station, and the mixed gas obtained in the step four is used as fuel for ignition combustion heating.
  10. 10. The waste battery recycling process according to claim 9, wherein the step four gas mixing tank (32) controls the hydrogen ratio to be less than 3%.

Description

Low-carbon waste lead storage battery recovery system Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of waste lead storage batteries, in particular to a low-carbon waste lead storage battery recycling system. Background At present, the regenerated lead industry commonly adopts a pyrometallurgy method, the principle is that waste lead plaster is directly put into a smelting furnace, a reducing agent is added for high-temperature reduction smelting to produce regenerated lead, the waste lead storage battery recovery is developed into complete and advanced regenerated lead technologies such as mechanical crushing and sorting, oxygen-enriched smelting technology, flue gas acid production, waste heat utilization and the like through policy guidance and process innovation for more than ten years, and the regenerated lead industry also urgently needs to develop cleaner and low-carbon technical innovation. In the prior art, CN114250369A discloses a process for cooperatively recycling a waste lead storage battery and a waste lithium ion battery, wherein the treatment process of the waste lead storage battery comprises the steps of disassembly and separation pretreatment, waste lead plaster pre-desulfurization, smelting and deep purification of flue gas and then discharge. CN109371249a discloses a high-efficiency energy-saving secondary lead smelting process, which adopts a blast furnace to smelt secondary lead and has the characteristics of high heat efficiency, high unit productivity, high metal recovery rate and the like. CN120591567B proposes a clean and efficient recovery method of a waste lead storage battery, pre-crushing the waste lead storage battery, then strongly crushing the pre-crushed solid material to obtain a crushed mixture, and separating lead mud by a screening device. However, in the existing technology, in the process of crushing the waste battery, the charged waste lead storage battery is directly crushed, so that the electrode is easy to short-circuit, potential safety hazards exist, and accidents such as fire or explosion can be possibly caused. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims at overcoming the defects of the prior art, and realizes the recycling of energy and low carbonization treatment by converting the residual electricity of the waste battery into hydrogen and using the hydrogen as smelting fuel. Aiming at the technical problems, the technical scheme is that the low-carbon recovery system of the waste lead storage battery comprises a waste battery pretreatment unit, a crushing and sorting unit and a lead smelting unit; the waste lead storage battery to be treated is subjected to residual electricity electrolysis to prepare hydrogen, the generated gas is collected and led out and then is connected into a lead smelting unit to be treated, the treated gas is mixed with natural gas to form mixed gas, and the mixed gas is used as a side blowing furnace heating fuel of the lead smelting unit; The discharged waste batteries enter a waste battery pretreatment unit and are grabbed to a crushing and sorting unit, lead grids, lead alloy blocks, light plastics, heavy plastics and waste lead plaster are separated after being processed by the crushing and sorting unit, and the obtained waste lead plaster is conveyed to a lead smelting unit to be subjected to reduction smelting to obtain crude lead. Preferably, the waste battery pretreatment unit comprises a pool pit with the bottom extending from high to low, and a waste battery storage chamber, a discharge chamber, a gas collection chamber and a chamber to be crushed are sequentially arranged along the height downwards. Preferably, a first discharging gate is arranged between the waste battery storage chamber and the discharge chamber; a second discharging gate is arranged between the battery gas collection chamber and the chamber to be crushed. Preferably, a grab bucket device is arranged above the chamber to be crushed, and comprises a row crane and a grab bucket arranged on the row crane. Preferably, the crushing and sorting unit comprises a multistage crusher, a sieving machine, a sorting machine and a filter press. Preferably, the lead smelting unit comprises a gas-liquid separation tank, a gas mixing tank and a side blowing furnace which are sequentially and backwardly communicated. Preferably, the crushing and sorting unit is provided with a waste liquid sedimentation tank, and the obtained waste water is pumped into the waste battery pretreatment unit to serve as electrolyte of the discharge chamber. Preferably, the gas generated by the discharge chamber is led into a gas-liquid separation tank of the lead smelting unit through a gas collecting chamber pipeline. As another preferable mode, the waste lead plaster after being subjected to pressure filtration by the crushing and sorting unit is conveyed and fed to a side blowing furnace through a screw metering feeder. A waste battery recycling process applying the waste l